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Exenatide, a GLP-1 analog, has healing effects on LPS-induced autism model: Inflammation, oxidative stress, gliosis, cerebral GABA, and serotonin interactions
No full textErdogan, Mumin/0000-0003-0048-444XWOS: 000558438600001PubMed: 32745285Previous studies have established anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of Exenatide in the central nervous system. Since these mechanisms are thought to have important roles in the pathophysiology of autism, we hypothesized that Exenatide may have healing effects in autism. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of Exenatide in an experimental autism model created by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the womb, with behavioral tests, histopathological examinations, and biochemical measurements. the autism model was created by administration of LPS (i.p) to pregnant rats on the 10th day of their pregnancy at a dose of 100 mu g/kg. on postnatal 21st day, a total of four groups were formed from offspring with regard to sex distribution and treatment. After a 45-day treatment, behavioral analysis tests were performed on rats. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical analysis [superoxide dismutase, tumor necrotizing factor alpha, nerve growth factor, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67] and histopathological analysis were performed. on the 10th day of the intrauterine period, LPS exposure was found to disrupt behavioral findings, increase inflammation and hippocampal gliosis, and decrease 5-HIAA, GAD-67, and NGF, especially in male rats. However, among the rats exposed to LPS in the intrauterine period, recipients of Exenatide demonstrated significant amelioration of findings. Exenatide therapy shows positive effects on behavioral disorders in an LPS-induced autism model. This agent probably exerts its effects by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and reducing hippocampal gliosis. in addition, Exenatide has also been shown to positively affect cerebral serotonergic and GABAergic effects
Losartan ameliorates ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats: an experimental study
No full textHortu, Ismet/0000-0003-3833-0999WOS: 000508057600001PubMed: 31955629This study aimed to investigate the protective and antioxidant role of losartan in ovarian ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury in an experimental ovarian torsion model. Thirty adult female rats were used. Rats were separated randomly into five groups; Group 1: sham group (abdominal wall was only opened and closed), Group 2: torsion group with 3-hour ischaemia using atraumatic vascular clips. Group 3: torsion + losartan group with 3-hour ischaemia 30 minutes after the administration of 40 mg/kg of losartan via oral gavage. Group 4: torsion-detorsion group with 3-hour ischaemia and 3-hour reperfusion (vascular clips were removed). Group 5: torsion-detorsion + losartan group with 3-hour ischaemia followed by administration of 40 mg/kg of losartan 30 minutes prior to a 3-hour detorsion/reperfusion. Ovarian tissue damage was scored by histopathological analysis. Ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX 3) levels were measured biochemically. in comparison with the sham group, both the torsion and torsion-detorsion groups had significantly higher scores for follicular degeneration, vascular congestion, oedema, haemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration (p < .05). the aforementioned parameters significantly decreased in the torsion-detorsion + losartan group (p < .01) compared to those in the torsion-detorsion group. MDA and plasma PTX 3 levels were notably higher both in the torsion and torsion-detorsion groups compared with those in the sham group (p < .01). the current experimental ovarian torsion study suggests a protective role for losartan upon ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovaries. Losartan may be a novel agent for decreasing ovarian ischaemia/reperfusion injury in ovaries.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Among gynaecological emergencies, the diagnosis of ovarian torsion is highly difficult. A delayed diagnosis may lead to ovarian necrosis and subsequent loss of ovaries if timely surgical intervention is not performed, which is essential for the fertility and protection of ovarian functions in young patients. However, reperfusion of the ischaemic tissue might leads to more serious damage to the tissue than the damage caused by ischaemia. What the results of this study add? This study found that losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker which has been currently used for regulation of blood pressure, could be used experimentally to alleviate I/R injury in ovary through improving histological parameters, reducing tissue MDA and plasma PTX3 levels. To date, there is no study regarding the usage of losartan for alleviating I/R on ovary due to torsion
Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
No full textAmaç: Pulmoner arteriyal hipertansiyon (PAH) hastalarında D vitamini düzeylerinin sağlıklı gönüllülerden oluşan kontrol grubuyla kıyaslanması ve hastalık şiddetiyle D vitamini düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Yöntemler: Çalışmamız tek merkezli, kesitsel bir çalışma olup, pulmoner hipertansiyon (PH) polikliniğimizde PAH tanısı ile takip edilen 36 hasta ve yaş-cinsiyet eşleştirilmiş 24 sağlıklı gönüllüden oluşmaktadır. PAH tanısı, güncel Avrupa Kardiyoloji Cemiyeti ve Avrupa Solunum Derneği 2015 PH kılavuzu tanı algoritması önerileri doğrultusunda konuldu. Kontrol grubu olarak, bilinen bir kardiyak veya sistemik-enflamatuvar hastalık öyküsü olmayan, herhangi bir ilaç kullanmayan, tüm sistem fizik muayenesi normal, elektrokardiyografik (EKG) ve ekokardiyografik (Eko) incelemede patoloji saptanmayan sağlıklı gönüllüler seçildi. Tüm hastalarda ve sağlıklı gönüllülerde sabah 8 saat açlık kan örnekleri alınarak, plazma 25-OH vitamin D düzeyleri ölçüldü (Elecsys® Vitamin D Testi). Bulgular: Çalışma popülasyonumuz 36 PAH hastası ve yaş-cinsiyet eşleştirilmiş 24 sağlıklı gönüllüden oluşmaktaydı. Hastaların 24 tanesinde (%67) doğumsal kalp hastalığıyla ilişkili PAH (PAH-DKH), 12 tanesinde (%33) idiyopatik PAH (IPAH) mevcuttu. Tüm çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 41.4 ± 14.0 iken PAH hastaları ve kontrol grubunda yaş ortalaması benzerdi (median 42 & 40 yaş). Her iki grupta da kadın cinsiyet baskındı. Sağlıklı gönüllüler ve PAH hastaları arasında vücut kitle indeksi, kreatinin, ürik asit, hematokrit düzeyi açısından bir fark yoktu. Vitamin D düzeyleri ise PAH hastalarında (7.7 ± 6.2 U/L) sağlıklı gönüllülere göre (21.9 ± 14.1 U/L) belirgin olarak düşük saptandı (p<0.001). Vitamin D düzeyi PAH hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre düşük saptanmakla birlikte, D vitamini düzeyi ile ne fonksiyonel kapasite (DSÖ FK III & FK II), ne de altta yatan etiyolojik neden (PAH-DKH & IPAH) arasında ilişki saptanamadı. Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızda serum D vitamini düzeyleri PAH hastalarında sağlıklı gönüllülere göre belirgin olarak daha düşüktü. Bununla birlikte PAH hastalarını altta yatan etiyolojik nedene göre incelediğimizde (IPAH & PAH-DKH), D vitamini düzeyleri arasında farklılık yoktu.Objective: To compare the vitamin D levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with the control group of healthy volunteers and to investigate the relationship between disease severity and vitamin D level. Methods: Our study is a single center, cross-sectional study consisting of 36 patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) followed-up by pulmonary hypertension (PH) outpatient clinic and 24 age-sex matched healthy volunteers. The diagnosis of PAH was confirmed according to the diagnostic algorithm of 2015 European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society PH Guidelines. As the control group, healthy volunteers who do not have a known history of cardiac or systemic-inflammatory disease, do not use any medication, has normal physical, electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic examination were selected. In all groups, 8-h fasting blood samples were obtained in the morning and plasma 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured by Elecsys® Vitamin D Test. Results: Our study population consisted of 36 PAH patients and 24 age-sex matched healthy volunteers. Twenty-four patients (67%) had PAH associated with congenital heart disease related (PAH-CHD) and other 12 patients (33%) had idiopathic PAH (IPAH). While the average age of the whole study group was 41.4 ± 14.0 years, the mean age was similar in the PAH patients and control group (median 42 & 40 years). Female sex was dominant in both groups. There was no difference between healthy volunteers and PAH patients in terms of body mass index, creatinine, uric acid and hematocrit levels. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PAH patients (7.7 ± 6.2 U / L) than in healthy volunteers (21.9 ± 14.1 U / L) (p <0.001). Although vitamin D level was found to be lower in PAH patients compared to the control group, no relation was found between vitamin D level and neither functional capacity (WHO FC III & FC II) nor the underlying etiological cause (PAH-CHD & IPAH). Conclusions: In our study, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PAH patients than in healthy volunteers. However, when we examined PAH patients according to the underlying etiological cause (IPAH & PAH-CHD), there was no difference between vitamin D levels
Prevalance and Clinical Characteristics of Pain in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
No full textWOS: 000579120800007Objective: It has been shown that pain, depression, and fatigue related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS) results in a significant socioeconomic burden. We aimed to determine the prevalence, demographic, and clinical properties of pain symptoms in OSAS patients. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 84 OSAS patients diagnosed after full-night polysomnography with the Brief Pain Inventory, Beck Depression Rating scale (BDS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), Fatigue Impact scale (FIS), and Fatigue Severity scale (FSS). Results: A total of 84 patients (62 males, 22 females) with a mean age of 54.37 +/- 11.03 years were included. Headache in 25 (43.1%), myofascial pain in 22 (37.9%), and other types of pain in 11 patients were defined. ESS, FSS, FIS total, physical, cognitive, and psychosocial scores were found to be significantly higher in patients with pain. the presence of pain did not differ according to the severity of OSAS, and no significant difference was found in any parameters between mild, moderate, and severe OSAS except for minimal O-2 saturation. A positive correlation between last week pain severity and BDS scores, a negative correlation between PSQI scores and the decrease in pain rate as a result of the treatment, and a weak positive correlation between FIS-cognitive sub-score and pain intensity scores were found. Conclusion: in our study, excessive daytime sleepiness and the impact and severity of fatigue were found to be higher in patients with pain than in those without pain. the most obvious difference was seen in terms of cognitive, and psychosocial fatigue. Contrary to expectations, it was observed that OSAS severity did not affect pain according to our data
Clinical Study of Decompressive Craniectomy in Children
No full textAIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of children who recently underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC) due to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) correlated to head trauma or other causes, such as ischemic insult. MATERIAL and METHODS: Twelve patients aged ?17 years who underwent DC due to elevated ICP between 2013 and 2018 were included in the study. The clinical status of the participants, radiological characteristics, type and timing of surgery, and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Three female and nine male patients with a mean age of 10 years were included. The initial average Glasgow Coma Scale score was 6 (3–12). All patients presented with signs of diffuse cerebral edema and subdural hematoma of various sizes along with other intracranial pathologies. Only one patient required bilateral frontal craniectomy. In the postoperative period, three patients died, and three had severe disability. CONCLUSION: With the increasing use and success of DC in adults, this procedure can also be effective in children. Considering brain differences in children, large and well-structured clinical trials must be conducted to prevent complications and to identify the best technique, timing, and benefits of DC for children
Performance of multimodal hyperspectroscopy for scanning of cervix in pregnant women: A preliminary study
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to measure the performance of cervical multimodal hyperspectroscopy (MHS) when compared to Pap smear, and HPV testing in low-risk pregnant women followed up in a university clinical setting. Materials and Methods: Each of 91 pregnant women underwent Pap smear, HPV testing, and during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. in 84 subjects evaluable data were collected and analyzed. Results: Average age of women was 30 ± 5.2 years. the specificity of MHS performed in pregnant women seems to be significantly better (p < 0.01) than the data of non-pregnant women published earlier. the specificity of MHS in pregnant women with normal Pap smear result is estimated to be 92.9%. the procedure was also well-tolerated with a patient satisfaction rate of 92%. Conclusions: Scanning of the cervix by MHS may perform similar to Pap smear + HPV testing and may have a higher specificity in low-risk pregnant women. © 2020 Demir et al.Istanbul ÜniversitesiThis study was supported by grants from Istanbul University. Also supported by ITEM Medical Technologies and Guided Therapeutics, Inc
Minimal invaziv mitral kapak tamirinde neokorda boyu ölçümü için kolay bir teknik
No full textIn this article, we present our experience with an easy and practical technique for measuring the length of neo-chordae during minimally invasive mitral valve repair. This technique is based on tying the knots at the level of the plane of the ring using a prolene suture passing through the transverse diameter of the ring as a guideline.Bu yazıda minimal invaziv mitral kapak tamiri sırasında neokorda uzunluğunu ölçmek için deneyimlerimiz kolay ve pratik bir teknik ile sunuldu. Bu teknik, bir kılavuz olarak, halkanın enine çapından geçen bir prolen sütür kullanılarak düğümleri, halka düzleminin seviyesine bağlanmasına dayanmaktadır
Prospective Analysis of the Swallowing Reflex After Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Comparison with Normal Volunteers
No full textGenc, Aysenur/0000-0002-0771-9793WOS: 000566087600001PubMed: 31820092The aim of this study was electromyographic description of changes in swallowing before and after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. in this prospective study, twenty-eight patients were divided into 3 groups according to the occlusion pattern: Group I (Angle Class III), Group II (Angle Class II), and Control (Class I). Serial cone-beam computed tomography analyses and electromyographic data were collected preoperatively, 1st and 6th months after setback surgery in Group I, and advancement surgery in Group II. Swallowing reflex with 3-20 ml water bolus were studied. Patients were further divided into two subgroups according to the magnitude of relapse. the mean setback of the mandible was 4.62 +/- 1.92 mm in Group I, and the mean advancement was 4.19 +/- 2.00 mm in Group II. Mandibular relapse rate was 17.40%. Oral preparation phase shortened after surgery in both study groups. Two subjects in Group II and one in Group I had piecemeal deglutition, and two of them became normal postoperatively. Most of the swallowing durations of the relapsed cases were longer than those of stabilized patients. Important clinical considerations are as follows: the oral preparation period becomes shorter after surgery; piecemeal deglutition may disappear after treatment; and individuals with a longer oral period and piecemeal deglutition may have increased tendency to skeletal relapse. This multidisciplinary study enhances our understanding of the adaptive response to the swallowing reflex after orthognathic surgery and provides novel insight into the association between the submental muscle activity and relapse in orthognathic patients
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Related Inflammation Presenting as Steroid Responsive Brain Mass
No full textWOS: 000551172600024PubMed: 30649812Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common but often asymptomatic disease, characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins within brain parenchyma and leptomeningeal-cortical vessels. It can occur as a sporadic disorder or accompany Alzheimer disease (AD). the usual presentation of CAA is spontaneous lobar hemorrhage, Unlike CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri), a subtype of CAA, can show various presentations and responds to steroid (or immuno suppressive) treatment. We report a patient with mixed dementia who showed subacute progression in cognitive impairment and had a mass lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). the lesion was identified as CAA related inflammation and the cognitive status of the patient improved significantly after steroid treatment. in this case report, we aimed to emphasize that CAA-ri is one of the possible diagnoses that should be considered in demented patients with rapid cognitive deterioration and showing brain lesions resembling neoplasms on the MRI. Therefore, steroids or other immunosuppresive treatments, which may lead to a dramatic clinical improvement, could be administered without delay