4053 research outputs found
Sort by
Repeated gadoteric acid and gadobutrol exposure causes deterioration of behavior and memory functions in rats: MRI, histopathological and biochemical evidence
No full textBozkurt, Mehmet Fatih/0000-0002-1669-0988PubMed: 33422532WOS:000614110700007Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) exert effects in different regions of the brain; however, studies on this topic are mostly focused on radiological outcomes of GBCA exposure. This paper is a preliminary attempt to identify whether there are changes in behavioral, cognitive, histopathological, radiological and biochemical characteristics with repeated exposure to gadobutrol and gadoteric acid. The effects of GBCAs were tested with the assessment of 4 groups -each comprised of 6 rats [controls, gadobutrol, gadoteric acid (Doteram), and gadoteric acid (Clariscan)]. Respective treatments of 0.1 ml/kg were administered for 3 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 1 week without any treatment. At the end of this regimen, behavioral tests (open field and passive learning test) were performed. Additionally, histopathological analysis of the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions (GFAP measurement and total neuron count), biochemical measurements [TNF-a, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), homovalinic acid (HVA) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) levels], and radiological findings (MRI-region of interest) were carried out in each group. There was a significant impairment in all groups that had received gadolinium in open field and passive avoidance learning tests. Oxidative stress and inflammation markers were significantly elevated in all gadolinium groups. Additionally, increased hippocampal gliosis and decreased MRI-ROIs were observed in rats exposed to gadolinium. Chronic gadoteric acid and gadobutrol exposure causes hippocampal gliosis and elevates oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Radiological outcomes are also consistent with these findings. Long-term studies might be required to conclude whether gadolinium deposition in the brain causes subtle neurological deficits
Corticomotor Excitability in Two Kinds of Motor Neuron Diseases: A Study on the Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Poliomyelitis Survivors
No full textPurpose: To examine upper motor neuron functions comparatively in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and poliomyelitis survivors using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods. Methods: Single- and paired-pulse TMS with conventional methods and the triple-stimulation technique were performed by recording from the abductor digiti minimi and abductor pollicis brevis muscles in 31 patients with ALS, 18 patients with poliomyelitis survivors, and 21 controls. Nine patients were diagnosed as having postpoliomyelitis syndrome after a 6-month follow-up. Results: Triple-stimulation technique and some of conventional TMS studies were able to distinguish ALS from both poliomyelitis survivors and controls. A reduced ipsilateral silent period in abductor pollicis brevis muscles was the only parameter to show a significant difference when comparing thenar and hypothenar muscles in ALS. No significant difference was present in any TMS parameters between the postpoliomyelitis syndrome and non-postpoliomyelitis syndrome groups. Conclusions: Conventional TMS and particularly triple-stimulation technique studies are helpful in disclosing upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS. The results of this study might favor the cortical hypothesis for split hand in ALS, but they revealed no significant indication for upper motor neuron dysfunction in postpoliomyelitis syndrome
IS CHROMOSOMAL RADIOSENSITIVITY A PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR CANCER RISKS?
No full textThere is an extensive landscape of genomic disruptions caused by environmental carcinogens. A major environmental mutagen that can trigger direct changes in the DNA is radiation. In certain places, ionizing radiation such as X-rays can break DNA sequences leading to chromosome rearrangements. Prediction of cancer risk is an important phenomenon in the early diagnosis of cancer. Early diagnosis will lead to the most economical treatment protocols, thus decreasing the mortality and morbidity rates. Chromosome aberrations and radiosensitivity have been shown to be biological indicators of cancer predisposition. Four different types of cancers [breast, lung, prostate and colon] were examined in this study to see the indicator role of chromosome radio sensitivity in predicting cancer. We measured chromosome aberrations before and after giving 2 Gy radiation in peripheral blood lymphocyte samples of four cancer groups each consisted of 30 newly diagnosed patients and their matched healthy individuals summed up to total of 180 individual donors. Acentric, dicentric and ring chromosome aberrations were scored before and after irradiation for each donor. Absolute chromosome frequencies were calculated by subtracting spontaneous frequencies from 2 Gy irradiated values. Dicentrics as being primer indicator of radiation and total chromosome aberrations were evaluated for each group to predict effectiveness of chromosomal radiosensitivity. Our results show that the chromosomal radiosensitivity might predict cancer risk for prostate and lung cancer patient groups, but not for breast and colon cancer; however, whole total aberrations without any idea of cancer type; chromosomal radiosensitivity might enlighten the possibility of predicting cancer risk
The neuro-restorative effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy
No full textDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common degenerative complication associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Despite widespread awareness about DN, the only effective treatments are blood glucose control and pain management. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of intramuscular adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AMSC) transplantation on sciatic nerves in DN using EMG and histological analyses. A total of 27 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, DN group and AMSC group. In EMG, CMAP amplitude in the sciatic nerves was lower, but distal latency was higher in the DN group compared with the control group. CMAP amplitude in the sciatic nerves was higher in the AMSC group compared with the DN group. Distal latency in the sciatic nerve was lower in the AMSC group compared with the DN group. Histologic examination of the tissues in the animals treated with AMSC showed a remarkable improvement in microscopic morphology. Fluorescence microscopy analyses demonstrated that intramuscularly transplanted AMSC was selectively localized in the sciatic nerves. Transplantation of AMSC increased protein expression of S100, cdk2, NGF and DHH, all of which, interfered with DN onset in sciatic nerves. The findings of the present study suggest that AMSC transplantation improved DN through a signal-regulatory effect on Schwann cells, neurotrophic actions and restoration of myelination.Ege University Faculty of Medicine Histology and Embryology LaboratoriesEge University Faculty of Medicine Histology and Embryology Laboratories
Warfarin is associated with the risk of vascular calcification in abdominal aorta in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter case-control study
No full textBackground/aim: Vascular calcifications (VCs), recognized risk factor for increased mortality, are highly prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to investigate the relation between VC and warfarin use with plain radiography. Materials and methods: VCs were assessed using Adragao (radial and digital) and Kauppila (aortic) scores in 76 HD patients from six centers. Out of a total 711 HD patients, there were 32 (4.5%) who had been treated with warfarin for at least 1 year, and we included 44 control patients. Results: Of the patients, 47% were females, the mean age was 66 ± 9 years, 23% were diabetics, the mean dialysis vintage was 68 ± 38 months. In warfarin group, median Kauppila score was higher than in control group [11 vs 6.5, (25%–75% percentile, 5 vs. 15), p = 0.032] and the percentage of the patients with a Kauppila score of >6 was higher, as well (76.6% vs. 50%; p = 0.029). Median Adragao score was not significantly different between the two groups [7 vs. 6, (%25,%75 percentile 6 vs. 8), p = 0.17]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that warfarin treatment was independently associated with Kauppila scores of >6 (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.18–10.9, p = 0.024). Conclusion: In this study, we found that warfarin is associated to vascular calcifications, especially in aorta of HD patients. Key words: Hemodialysis, vascular calcification, vitamin K, warfari
Demonstration of the protective effect of ghrelin in the livers of rats with cisplatin toxicity
No full textDespite the various and newly developed chemotherapeutic agents in recent years, cisplatin is still used very frequently as a chemotherapeutic agent, even though cisplatin has toxic effects on many organs. The aim of our study is to show whether ghrelin reduces the liver toxicity of cisplatin in the rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were chosen to be utilized in the study. Group 1 rats (n = 7) were taken as the control group, and no medication was given to them. Group 2 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 1 ml/kg/day of 0.9% NaCl, Group 3 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 10 ng/kg/day ghrelin, Group 4 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 20 ng/kg/day ghrelin for 3 days. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver biopsy results were measured in rats. It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. In histopathological examination, it was determined that the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver was reduced with a low dose of ghrelin, and its histopathological appearance was similar to normal liver tissue when given a high dose of ghrelin. These findings show that ghrelin, especially in high doses, can be used to reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin
Graniilomatoz Mastitlerin Etyolojisinde Rol Alan Aerop ve Anaerop Bakterilerin Dagilimi ve Antimikrobik Maddelere Direnç Durumlari
No full textObjective: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast. The etiological role of bacteria in granulomatous mastitis, which is the most common type of non-lactational mastitis, is not exactly known. Methods: Our study was carried out with tissue and/or abscess cultures of 46 patients who applied to Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Breast Outpatient Clinic, and Emergency Surgery Service, between January 2015-January 2016 and were diagnosed with GM according to the results of histopathological and clinical examinations. In addition to conventional methods, aerobic bacteria isolated from the samples were identified with the BD Phoenix (Becton, Dickinson Company, Maryland, USA) and anaerobic bacteria with the API 20A (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) kit, and bacterial identification was made by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA from samples in which bacteria were seen in Gram staining but not grow in culture. Antimi-crobial susceptibilities of the bacteria were determined by disc diffusion and gradient test methods. The results were evaluated according to EUCAST 2016 criteria. Results: When the culture results of the patients diagnosed with GM were evaluated, growth was observed in 20 (43.7%) patient materials, and it was not detected in 26 (56.5%) patient materials. Corynebacterium species were detected in 12 (26.1%) of 46 patients. C. kroppenstedtii was isolated in 7 (15.2%), C. urealyticum in 3 (6.5%), and C. amycolatum in 2(4.3%) patients. S. aureus grew in 2 (4.3%) patients, and Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. grew in 1 patient each. Peptostreptococcus spp. (3 samples, 6.5%) and B. fragilis (2 samples, 4.3%) were the anaerobic bacteria grown in cultures. Different bacterial species grew together in 6 (30%) of 20 GM patient samples. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA made from pus samples of 19 Gram stain positive but culture-negative cases resulted in C. kroppenstedtii (3 samples), S. epidermidis (3 samples), and anaerobic bacteria such as Peptostreptococcaceae bacterium, Cutibacterium spp., C. acnes, B. breve have been isolated in 1 sample each. Conclusions: We believe that determining aerobic and anaerobic agents that cause granulomatous mastitis and applying specific treatment for the etiological agents rather than using broad-spectrum antibiotics which could lead the antimicrobial resistance, will be beneficial. Antibiotics such as penicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and linezolid, which are effective on Gram-positive rods (Corynebacterium species), can be added to the treatment, especially in culture negative cases of granulomatous mastitis
Amplatzer Vascular Plug Occlusion in a Child with Late-diagnosed Multiple Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
No full textPulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal direct connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, which may result in a right to left shunt. Patients may be asymptomatic, but symptoms may gradually occur with the enlargement of the fistula. A 5-year-old Syrian female patient was followed by the primary care physician during the last year with a diagnosis of polycythemia. The patient reported headache and abdominal pain for the last three months and was referred to the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic when clubbing was detected. Normal sinus rhythm was observed in electrocardiography and echocardiographic examination findings were normal. Thoracic computed tomography/angiography was performed and PAVM was detected in the upper segment of the lower left lobe. Catheter angiography was performed with the diagnosis of PAVM. The fistulas were closed using three vascular plugs. Transcutaneous oxygen saturation increased to 96% after the procedure