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Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease
No full textDuring the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [115S219]; Istanbul University Research Projects Unit project [1567/42362]; DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) [57140539]This study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) grant #115S219 and the Istanbul University Research Projects Unit project #1567/42362. EE received a yearly doctoral stipend (57140539) from the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service)
Türk popülasyonunda HLA epitop frekanslarının dağılımı
No full textObjectives: The antibodies interact with the “Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens” at specific epitopes. “Epitopes” are present on a single HLA or shared by multiple antigens. In this study, we aim to determine the frequency of prevalent epitopes common in the Turkish population. Methods: Non-related 644 healthy volunteers were recruited, and The “HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR -DQ’s” were typed using the “Next Generation Sequencing”. The provisional and confirmed epitopes were identified using the “HLA Epitope Registry databases, HLA Epitopia Maps and Immucor Epitope databases” dated 07.02.2018. Epitope frequencies were calculated by counting the shared epitopes in the total number of shared HLA Class epitopes in our sample database. Results: Class I HLA’s had 298 epitopes that repeated a total of 158,117 times with frequencies ranging between 0.0006 and 2.03%, and the most frequent epitope was 170RY found on 119 different alleles. Class II HLA’s had 193 epitopes that repeated a total of 93,082 times with frequencies ranging between 0.002 and 1.36%, and the most frequent epitope was 108P found on 42 different alleles. Conclusions: Our findings summarize both the provisional, and confirmed epitope frequencies in the Turkish population and may help clinicians and immunogeneticists develop a better understanding of HLA epitope mismatches. © 2022 Fatma Savran Oguz et al
Reliability of coeliac and superior mesenteric artery origin level in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae detection and vertebral numbering
No full textObjective: To evaluate the value of coeliac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) origin levels as an anatomic marker in the detection of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and vertebral enumeration. Patients and Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained. Routine lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that included sagittal cervicothoracic scout images in 972 cases were evaluated retrospectively. Six segments were created in the vertebral column with 7 lines. CA and SMA ostiums were localized in these segments. Results: Coeliac artery and SMA levels were detected more caudally in lumbarized S1 and more cranially in sacralized L5 cases compared to non-LSTV cases. Conclusion: Coeliac artery and SMA origin levels as anatomical markers are not dependable for vertebral numbering due to their wide variability
High tumor budding activity may predict poor prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas
No full textBackground: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which is the most common carcinoma of the respiratory system after lung carcinomas is graded by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three groups as grades 1, 2, and 3. This system does not correlate with the prognosis and has a low reproducibility among the pathologists. Searching for a new grading system, in this study, we investigated the relationship between tumor budding and histomorphological parameters and survival status. We examined the new grading system based on cell nest size and tumor budding. Methods: Partial and total laryngectomy materials of 130 patients diagnosed as laryngeal SCC between 2012 and 2018 in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively by two pathologists. Tumor budding activity and cell nests were scored and a new score was obtained by summing the scores. According to the scores obtained, a new grading system was created. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the tumor budding activity and the overall and disease-free survival times of the groups. The overall and disease-free survival time of the patients with high tumor budding significantly reduced. Tumor budding was found to be low in the presence of an intense lymphocytic host response (P 0.05). Conclusions: Tumor budding provides significant clues in predicting the life expectancy of the patients. Therefore, tumor budding might be a component of new grading systems and should take place in pathology reports. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved
Short-term protective effect of octreotide on the lungs of rats with experimentally induced sepsis
No full textBACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating complication of severe sepsis. Preclinical models suggest that direct lung injury begins with attack to the lung epithelium, but indirect lung injury results from systemic endothelial damage due to inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of octreotide on lungs in a surgically induced sepsis model in rats. METHODS: We used 32 male Sprague Dawley rats and divided into four groups. Group 1: Normal (non-operative and orally fed control, n=8); Group 2: Sham operated (n=8); Group 3: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (untreated group, n=8); and Group 4: CLP and 100 µg/kg octreotide i.p. (n=8). For sepsis, CLP procedure was performed on 16 rats to induce a sepsis model. All groups were analyzed, their blood was taken for arterial blood gas analysis. For histological examination, lung tissues were removed and sections were prepared. RESULTS: In histological examination, if we compare CLP + Octreotide with only CLP group in CLP + Octreotide group decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in alveolar and interstitial area as well as edema, bleeding, when CLP group was compared with octreotide group, all histopathological parameters improved significantly and the severity index decreased from 3 to 1. For arterial blood gas, when CLP and octreotide groups were compared with CLP group, it was observed that there was a significant change in favor of healing and that they almost came up to controls and sham group. CONCLUSION: It could be hypothesized that it would be beneficial to administer octreotide for ameliorate lung injury state in sepsis patients
The Impact of Hybrid Capture-Based Comprehensive Genomic Profiling on Treatment Strategies in Patients with Solid Tumors
No full textObjective: The development of bioinformatics and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has provided insights into the ap-plicability and functionality of the genomic alterations (GA). In this study, we evaluated the impact of CGP on the treatment plan and outcomes in a significant number of patients. Material and Methods: We carried out a retrospective case-control study on 164 adult patients with advanced solid tumors from 15 oncology centers in Türkiye. Results: In all cases, CGP was performed within 23.8 [standard deviation (SD)±32.1] months of initial diagnosis. Non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, unknown primary carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and sarcoma were among the most common tumor types, accounting for 61.5% of all cases. CGP was performed immediately after the diagnosis of advanced cancer in 13 patients (7.9%). In 158 patients (96.4%), at least one GA was found as per the CGP report. Also, in the reports, the average tumor mutational burden (TMB) and GAs were 7.3 (SD±8.7) mut/Mb and 3.5 (SD±2.0), respectively. According to CGP reports, 58 patients had 79 evidence-based drug suggestions for their particular tumor type, whereas 97 patients had 153 evidence-based drug suggestions for another tumor type. After the primary oncologist interpreted the CGP reports, significant changes were made to the treatment of 35 (21.3%) patients. Conclusion: We strongly believe that in the future, high-TMB or other tumor-agnostic biomarkers will become much more afford-able, and CGP will serve as one of the major decision-making tools for the treatment of patients along with pathological, radiological or lab-oratory tests. © 2022 by Turkish Society of Medical Oncology
Determining the genital hygiene behaviours of visually impaired women
No full textGenital hygiene is one of the most important factors in the protection of women's reproductive health. Thus, detailed knowledge of the genital hygiene behaviours of visually impaired women is crucial for preventive and curative health services. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the genital hygiene behaviours of visually impaired women. The study was conducted with 90 visually impaired women who were members of the 'Alt! Nokta Korler' association. A data collection form was developed within the scope of the study. The data were collected through the face-to-face interview method between October 2018 and June 2019. The results show that the ratios of women who think that self-care and genital hygiene behaviours are affected by their visual impairment are 18.9% and 21.1%, respectively. Of those who think that visual impairment affects their self-care, 76.5% need someone else to notice their lack of self-care, and the remaining women notice this lack through their bodily reactions, such as bad odours and dirt. It was found that more than half of the women (58.9%) had a vaginal shower only after sexual intercourse. Among women, 35.6% of them thought that visual impairment was an obstacle to gynaecological examination. The regular gynaecological examination rates of these women were only 8.9%. It was found that the majority of women (78.9%) experienced abnormal vaginal discharge, but only 23.9% applied to a health institution. Visually impaired women have similar deficient genital hygiene behaviours to non-disabled women. In addition, visually impaired women face difficulties in maintaining personal and genital hygiene and in receiving health services
Anti-seizure effect of zinc on PTZ-induced epilepsy in rat model
No full textEpilepsy is a widespread and mainly severe neurological condition portrayed by recurring spontaneous seizures caused by the brain’s abnormal electrical activity. According to new research, infl ammation may be both a result and the cause of epileptic seizures. The highest zinc levels in the brain have been found in the hippocampus which is one of the most studied regions of the brain regarding epilepsy. Zinc may have an anti-infl ammatory potential as zinc co-factors affect numerous biochemical and physiological reactions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal zinc administration on seizure activity in murine PTZ model. Rats received either intraperitoneal (IP) zinc sulfate at two different dosages (50–100 mg/kg) or a placebo followed by pentylenetetrazole (IP), a strong seizure-inducing drug. The spike percentages were considerably lower in the PTZ (35 mg/kg) and 50 or 100 mg/kg zinc-treated groups (A3 and A4) than in the PTZ (35 mg/kg) and saline-treated group (A2; p < 0.001). When the PTZ (70 mg/kg) and zinc sulfate-administered groups (B3 and B4) were compared to the PTZ (70 mg/kg) group (B2), the zinc-administered groups had a substantially reduced RCS (p < 0.001). The onset time of FMJ was substantially longer in the PTZ (70 mg/ kg) and 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg zinc sulfate groups (B3 and B4) than in the PTZ (70 mg/kg) and saline (B2; p < 0.001). We discovered that MDA levels were considerably lower in the zinc-treated groups. SOD and HSP-70 levels were also increased signifi cantly with zinc sulfate administration. In conclusion, our fi ndings indicate that zinc has the potential to exhibit antiepileptogenic effects by alleviating acute oxidative stress and neuroinfl ammation in a rat PTZ-induced epilepsy model. Zinc (50 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) successfully decreased the spike percentages and RCS associated with PTZ kindling epilepsy, as well as considerably decreased MDA and increased SOD and HSP-70 levels in rat brain. According to these results, zinc sulfate may be used as an adjuvant therapy in combination with other antiepileptic drugs in the future © 2022. Bratislava Medical Journal. All Rights Reserved
QUÃO ÚTIL É A ELASTOGRAFIA NO ACOMPANHAMENTO DO REPARO DO TENDÃO DO CALCÂNEO?
No full textIntroduction: In addition to conservative modalities in the treatment of Achilles tendon injuries, open, percutaneous and minimally invasive semi-open techniques, as well as biological open surgical repair methods are used as surgical options. Compression elastography is one of the methods used for the follow-up of treatment in Achilles tendon injuries. Methods: 23 patients were included in our study between July 2013 and June 2014, as long as they had at least 4 years of follow-up. In the final control, the intact side and the operated side were both examined and compared. The variables were the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) which is measured as a functional score considering plantar flexion and on the operated side than on the non-operated side (p <0.001). of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study
Radiotherapy and high bilirubin may be metformin like effect on lung cancer via possible AMPK pathway modulation
No full textPURPOSE: L ife expectancy of cancer patients determine the regimen of treatment. There is no feasible marker that determines the survival other than the stage of the disease or other patients related factors. Bilirubin can be a revealing marker for these. The effect of bilirubin may be due to the fact that the genetic and biochemical processes of bilirubin also modulate the tumour microenvironment. Radiotherapy and bilirubin can produce an effect similar to metformin via AMPK pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analysis was performed retrospectively in a cohort of 80 patients with a diagnosis of locoregional lung cancer with bilirubin levels in the accepted range. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off points. Pre-treatment serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) levels and tumour volumes in the prognosis of the patients were investigated. RESULTS: The cut-off points for serum TBIL, DBIL and IBIL were 0.565 mg/dL, 0.105 mg/dL and 0.415 mg/dL, respectively. High TBIL 47.5 %, high DBIL and high IBIL were observed in 45 % of the entire patient population. The overall survival was three times longer in the high TBIL group than in the low TBIL group 95% CI 0.27-0.71; p <0.001) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; HR, 0.44; 95% 0.25-0.80; p < 0.001). Similarly, high DBIL and high IBIL levels have been associated with longer OS, LRFS, and DMFS with significant differences. In addition, in the survival analysis of the cohort stratified with gross tumour volume (GTV) 128.5cc and TBIL 0.565 cut-off values; In the comparison of high TBIL and low TBIL groups, a significantly longer OS was observed in the high TBIL group in the patients with a GTV volume greater than128.5cc (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Plasma bilirubin level at the time of diagnosis affects the survival of the patients independent of cancer stage and tumour volume. Possible additive interactions of radiotherapy and bilirubin are discussed with their pathophysiological mechanisms (Tab. 2, Fig. 7, Ref. 26). Text in PDF www.elis.s