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No full textTurkey has a highly complex structure with stratified legal statuses and multiple actors in migration and refugee governance. The chapter shows how temporality is the key encompassing characteristic of Turkey’s refugee governance, which is the basis for its response to Syrian mass migration and multilevel refugee governance. In this regard, the chapter asks how strategic temporality is used as a tool for international protection in Turkey and what the consequences are in terms of the legal, political and institutional frameworks at the macro level, as well as perceptions, experiences, and strategies of policy implementers and policy beneficiaries at both meso and micro levels. © 2023, The Author(s)
Fair division of graphs and of tangled cakes
Get PDFFair division has been studied in both continuous and discrete contexts. One strand of the continuous literature seeks to award each agent with a single connected piece-a subinterval. The analogue for the discrete case corresponds to the fair division of a graph, where allocations must be contiguous so that each bundle of vertices is required to induce a connected subgraph. With envy-freeness up to one item (EF1) as the fairness criterion, however, positive results for three or more agents havemostly been limited to traceable graphs. We introduce tangles as a new context for fair division. A tangle is a more complicated cake-a connected topological space constructed by gluing together several copies of the unit interval [0, 1]-and each single tangle T corresponds in a natural way to an infinite topological class G(T) of graphs, linking envy-free fair division of tangles to EFk fair division of graphs. In addition to the unit interval itself, we show that only five other stringable tangles guarantee the existence of envyfree and connected allocations for arbitrarily many agents, with the corresponding topological classes containing only traceable graphs. Any other tangle T has a bound r on the number of agents for which such allocations necessarily exist, and our Negative Transfer Principle then applies to the graphs in T 's class; for any integer k >= 1, almost all graphs in this class are non-traceable and fail to guarantee EFk contiguous allocations for r + 1 or more agents, even when very strict requirements are placed on the valuation functions for the agents. With bounds on the number of agents, however, we obtain positive results for some non-stringable classes. An elaboration of Stromquist's moving knife procedure shows that the non-stringable lips tangle L guarantees envy-free allocations of connected shares for three agents. We then modify the discrete version of Stromquist's procedure in Bilo et al. (Games Econ Behav 131:197-221, 2022) to show that all graphs in the topological class G(L) (most of which are non-traceable) guarantee EF1 allocations for three agents
Measurement of muon pairs produced via ?? scattering in nonultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at ?sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFResults of a measurement of dimuon photoproduction in nonultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV are presented. Themeasurement uses ATLAS data from the 2015 and 2018 Pb + Pb data-taking periods at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 1.94 nb.1. The γγ → μ+ μ- pairs are identified via selections on pair momentum asymmetry and acoplanarity. Differential cross sections for dimuon production are measured in different centrality, average muon momentum, and pair rapidity intervals as functions of acoplanarity and k⊥, the transverse momentum kick of one muon relative to the other. Measurements are also made as a function of the rapidity separation of the muons and the angle of the muon pair relative to the second-order event plane to test whether magnetic fields generated in the quark-gluon plasma affect the measured muons. A prior observation of a centrality-dependent broadening of the acoplanarity distribution is confirmed. Furthermore, the improved precision of the measurement reveals a depletion in the number of pairs having small acoplanarity or k⊥ values in more central collisions. The acoplanarity distributions in a given centrality interval are observed to vary with the mean pT of the muons in the pair, but the k⊥ distributions do not. Comparisons with recent theoretical predictions are made. The predicted trends associated with effects of magnetic fields on the dimuons are not observed. © 2023 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration
Disentangling the effect of Trust on Bank Lending
Get PDFThis paper studies the effect of trust on bank lending using a sample of commercial banks in 34 countries around the world. We distinguish between two forms of trust: In-group trust, which we define as the trust in people we know, and Out-group trust, which we define as the trust in people we meet for the first time. We find that Out-group trust is positively and significantly associated with bank lending. A closer look shows that this ef-fect only holds in countries with relatively lower levels of formal institutional and judicial development. As for In-group trust, we find that its influence on bank lending is depen-dent on the level of informal lending available in each country. Overall, this paper provides novel evidence on the importance of trust and the different mechanisms by which it in-fluences bank lending around the world. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Putting spatial crime patterns in their social contexts through a contextualized colocation analysis
No full textThis study proposes a novel contextualized colocation analysis to examine spatial crime patterns within their social contexts. The sample includes all reported MCI crime incidents (i.e., assault, break and enter, robbery, auto theft, and theft over incidents) in the city of Toronto between 2014 and 2019 (n = 178,892). Following a stepwise clustering feature selection, we begin our analysis by regionalizing the city based on the relevant social context indicators through a ward-like hierarchical spatial clustering algorithm. Then, we use a modified colocation miner algorithm with a novel Validity Score (VS) to select significant citywide and regional crime colocation patterns. The results indicate that eating establishments, commercial parking lots, and retail food stores are the most frequent urban facilities in citywide and regional crime colocation patterns. We also note several peculiar crime colocation patterns across disadvantaged neighborhoods. Additionally, the proposed analysis selects the patterns that explain an average of 11% more crime events through the use of VS. Our study offers an alternative method for colocation analysis by effectively identifying crime-specific citywide and regional crime colocation patterns. It also prioritizes the identified colocation patterns by ranking them based on their significance
Exploring consumer behavior in the context of voluntary simplicity
No full textVoluntary simplicity has received growing attention during the last few years. Especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumers are trying to rebuild work-life balance and reconsider their priorities. Voluntary simplicity has become one of the most popular lifestyles as a result of these efforts. Hence, this chapter aims to explore the concept of voluntary simplicity by first identifying its relationship with minimalism. Then, the concept, existing literature, and the relationship between voluntary simplicity and well-being are explained. Finally, future research directions for improving the existing literature are presented. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved
Yeni Nesil Mobil İletişim Sistemlerinin Gemi Kara Arasındaki Deniz Haberleşmesinde Kullanım Olanağı
No full textDeniz araçlarının bir birleri ve karadaki ilgili kuruluşlar ile kolay, güvenilir ve her zaman iletişim temin etmesi deniz seyrü seferi için son derece önemlidir. Bu arada deniz araçlarında bulunan gemi adamlarının özel görüşmelerinin de sağlıklı şekilde yapılması, yine deniz aracının sevk ve idaresi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Son yıllarda haberleşme teknolojilerinde ve bilişim sektöründe temin edilen olumlu gelişmeler, bu konuda pek çok alternatif haberleşme şeklini gemi yönetimlerinin ve gemi adamlarının kullanımına sunmuştur. Yeni nesil mobil iletişim teknolojileri olarak da tanımlanan söz konusu haberleşme sistemlerinin teknik yapısı, gemilerdeki zorunlu haberleşme sistemleri gibi kablosuz teknolojilere dayanmaktadır. Nesiller olarak da tanımlanan bu sistemler halen güncel yaşantımızda bireysel ve kurumsal olarak pek çok iletişim kolaylığı temin etmektedir. Bu sistemlerin gemilerdeki zorunlu telsiz sistemlerine ilave olarak, gemi kara arasındaki haberleşmede hangi koşullarda kullanılacağının bilinmesi gemi yönetimleri ve gemi adamları için önemli bir haberleşme aracı olacaktır. Bu nedenle başta beşinci nesil mobil iletişim teknolojileri olmak üzere söz konusu yeni mobil iletişim sistemlerinin imkan ve kabiliyetlerinin bilinmesi, bu sistemlerin gemilerde farklı amaçlarda ve etkin olarak kullanımı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır
Factors associated with fear of return in refugees under temporary protection and its effect on mental health
Get PDFLisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Travma ve Afet Çalışmaları Uygulamalı Ruh Sağlığı Ana Bilim Dalı2011 yılında başlayan Suriye iç savaşı sonrasında Türkiye kitlesel göç ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Yaklaşık 4 milyon Suriyeli mülteci Türkiye'de ikamet etmektedir. Göçün mültecilerin ruh sağlığına etkisi göç öncesi, sırası ve sonrası olarak üç aşamada ele alınmaktadır. Türkiye'nin Covid-19 pandemisi sonrası sosyoekonomik şartları ve 2023 genel seçimlerinin getirdiği stresörler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda göç sonrası yaşam zorlukları ve stres etkenlerinin arttığı düşünülmektedir. Seçim sürecinde kutuplaştırıcı politikaların yürütülmesi ve geri gönderme söylemlerinin seçim propagandası haline gelmesi toplum içerisinde ayrımcılığı arttırırken mültecilerin de geri gönderilmeye dair korku taşımalarına neden olmaktadır. Geri gönderilme korkusu mülteci ruh sağlığı alanında göç sonrası stres etkeni olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada geri gönderilme korkusu ile ilişkili faktörler ve ruh sağlığına etkisi incelenecektir. Bunun için DASS-21, WHO-5, GSYZÖ, GSGSÖ, Olay Etkisi Ölçeği ve Demografik Form kullanılarak nicel bir çalışma tasarlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre geri gönderilme korku ile depresyon, stres ve anksiyete arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Göç sonrası yaşam zorlukları ve algılanan ayrımcılık düzeyi psikopatoloji riskini attırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, vatandaşlık almış Suriyelilerin de geçici koruma altındaki Suriyeliler kadar ruh sağlığı ihtiyaçlarının devam ettiği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın akademik çalışmalara ve ulusal ve uluslararası insani yardım çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayrımcılık, Geri Gönderilme Korkusu, Göç Sonrası Yaşam Zorlukları, Suriyeli Mülteciler, MülteciAfter the Syrian civil war that started in 2011, Turkey faced mass migration. Approximately 4 million Syrian refugees reside in Turkey. The effect of migration on the mental health of refugees is discussed in three stages as before, during and after migration. Considering the socioeconomic conditions of Turkey after the Covid-19 pandemic and the stressors brought by the 2023 general elections, it is thought that life difficulties and stress factors have increased after migration. Execution of polarizing policies in the election process and the fact that refoulement discourses become election propaganda led to increase of discrimination in the society and caused refugees to be afraid of being sent back. Fear of refoulement is considered as a post-migration stressor in the field of refugee mental health. In this study, the factors associated with the fear of being sent back and their effects on mental health will be examined. For this purpose, a quantitative study was designed using DASS-21, WHO-5, PMLD, RPMS-R, IES-R and Demographic Form. The obtained data were analyzed with the SPSS program. According to the findings, there is a positive relationship between fear of being sent back and depression, stress, and anxiety. Post-migration life difficulties and perceived level of discrimination increase the risk of psychopathology. In addition, it has been evaluated that the mental health needs of the Syrians who have obtained citizenship continue as much as the Syrians under temporary protection. It is thought that this study will contribute to academic studies and national and international humanitarian aid studies. Keywords: Discrimination, Fear of Return, Post Migration Living Difficulties, Refugee, Syrian Refugee
Postpartum Depression and Associated Factors During the Pandemic Period; A Cross-sectional Study
No full textAmaç: Doğumsonu depresyon, yaygınlığı ve anne ve bebek sağlığı üzerinde tehlikeli sonuçları nedeniyle öncelikli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada pandemi döneminde ölçekten elde edilen doğum sonrası depresyon prevalansı ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmanın örneklemini pandemi döneminde doğum yapan ve bebeği 1-12 aylar arasında olan çevrimiçi yöntemle ulaşılan 137 anne oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada “Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Edinburg Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten alınan toplam puanın normal dağılım göstermesi nedeniyle; analizlerde değişkenin tipine göre pearson korelasyon testi, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Annelerin yaş ortalaması 30,13±4,77’dir. Pandeminin yaklaşık birinci yılının sonunda doğum sonu depresyon prevalansı %45,4’dür. Aylık kazancın yetersizliği, annenin gebelik öncesinde ve gebelik sırasında ruhsal hastalık öyküsünün olması, bebeğin 4-6 ay arasında olması ve annenin sadece biyolojik ailesinden duygusal destek alması depresyon puan ortalamasını bağımsız olarak yükseltmektedir (pObjective: Postpartum depression is a priority public health problem because of prevalence and dangerous consequences for maternal and infant health. In this study it was aimed to determine postpartum depression prevalance based on the scale and related factors during the pandemic period. Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 137 mothers whose babies were between 1-12 months were reached via online methods. “Socio-demographic Information Form” and “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale” were used for data collection. Pearson correlation test, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analyzes because of normal distribution of the total score. Results: The mean age of mothers was 30,13±4,77. The prevalence of postpartum depression at end of about 1st year of pandemic was 45.4%. Insufficient monthly income, the mother’s history of mental illness during pregnancy, having baby between 4-6 months, and the mother’s receiving emotional support only from her biological parents independently increased the mean of depression score (