IslandScholar
Not a member yet
16367 research outputs found
Sort by
Gender nonconforming individuals and business education: A systematic review of the literature
No full textOur understanding of gender is evolving from a binary system to a continuum whereby gender is fluid, multifaceted, and individually defined or expressed. Businesses, through owners, employees, and customers, as well as company policies and practices, play a role in the acceptance and inclusion of gender nonconforming individuals. One group with a responsibility in relation to gender inclusion is the business education system—undergraduate and graduate business programs that deliver business curriculum, shape business practices, research business issues, and produce business leaders. The purpose of this study is to examine the peer-reviewed literature to identify if and how the interpretation of genders, one that includes gender nonconforming individuals, exists in business education research. While 17 articles were found that cover topics within this general area, an overall lack of academic literature examining business education and gender nonconformity may leave business educators ill-equipped to include gender nonconforming individuals and topics in their classrooms. This work may inform business educators regarding the status of business education in relation to the evolving understanding of gender and identify areas for future work to help ensure that business educators are equipped with the knowledge to enable full gender inclusion in the business classroom
Impact of a frame reflection assignment on veterinary student perspectives toward animal welfare and differing viewpoints
No full textVeterinarians are considered leaders in animal welfare, but veterinary curricula often lack training in welfare. Our aims were to describe veterinary student values, assess whether a frame reflection assignment can encourage student willingness to engage with others with differing values surrounding animal welfare, and determine if sex and career area of emphasis related to responses. Two cohorts of second-year veterinary students at the Ohio State University (n = 314) articulated their values (including those of biological functioning, affective states or natural living they value most), interviewed someone with differing values, reported their interviewee’s views as if they were their own (frame reflection), then reflected on the process (post-interview reflection). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. Students identified as 83% female and 17% male,a with small animal (56%), large animal (11%), mixed animal (15%), or other (19%) career areas of emphasis. Students valued affective states (45%) and biological functioning (42%) more than natural living (11%). Food animal students were more likely to value biological functioning. In their post-interview reflections, students articulated both productive and unproductive views (e.g., likely or unlikely to improve future conversations, respectively), though productive views were more common. Students reported that the assignment would benefit their careers by improving their communication strategies with clients. Female students were more likely to use themes related to unproductive and career-related views. We conclude that a frame reflection assignment is a novel and effective method for improving veterinary student communication skills when discussing controversial animal welfare topics
Interactions of copper with temperature and oxygen depletion stress on reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in heart mitochondria
No full textMitochondria are a common target of multiple abiotic stressors that alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. Thus, assessing the effects of multiple stressors on mitochondrial ROS metabolism can be used to integrate the interactions and effects of combined exposure to stressors in aquatic ectotherms. The overarching aim of this thesis was to probe the interactions of copper (Cu) with temperature rise and oxygen depletion stress on ROS homeostasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) heart mitochondria. First, the interactions of Cu and temperature on mitochondrial ROS (as H2O2) emission were examined and it was found that Cu modulated H2O2 emission differently depending on temperature and substrate type. Notably, the magnitude of the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Cu varied with temperature (11 > 23 > 4 oC) during succinate oxidation while H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing glutamate-malate was not altered by temperature rise. In addition, the site-specific capacities of H2O2 emission were: complex III outer ubiquinone binding site (site IIIQo) > complex II flavin site (site IIF) ≥ complex I flavin site (site IF). Surprisingly, experiments revealed the absence of succinate-driven ROS production from complex I ubiquinone-binding site (site IQ) by reverse electron transport (RET).
Second, effects of thermal stress and Cu on H2O2 scavenging systems and mitochondrial ROS consumption capacity were investigated. Results indicated that the glutathione (GSH)-dependent peroxidase pathway is the predominant H2O2 scavenging system while catalase played negligible role. The effect of thermal stress depended on substrate wherein temperature rise suppressed the rate of H2O2 consumption during oxidation of glutamate-malate or succinate but not palmitoylcarnitine. Notably, Cu intensified the temperature-induced suppression of H2O2 consumption.
Third, assessment of how anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu influence mitochondrial H2O2 emission showed that anoxia-reoxygenation suppressed H2O2 emission regardless of the duration of anoxia and substrate type by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and suppressing ROS production from QH2/Q isopotential sites. Moreover, anoxia-reoxygenation attenuated or intensified the effect of Cu depending on the redox site and duration of anoxia exposure. Lastly, given that fatty acids are the preferred metabolic substrate in the heart with significant contributions from carbohydrates, the rates of H2O2 emission and effects of Cu in heart mitochondria oxidizing a fatty acid substrate or pyruvate was examined. Results indicated that heart mitochondrial preference of fatty acids to carbohydrates due to high energy yield likely comes with greater propensity for ROS formation and oxidative damage to the heart. The intensity and patterns of Cu effects varying depending on the metabolic fuel being oxidized. Altogether, this research improves our knowledge of the interactions and effects of Cu with thermal stress and anoxia in fish heart and established that changes in mitochondrial ROS metabolism serves as an important marker that can integrate and be used to assess the effects of multiple stressors in aquatic organisms
Movement of non-native rainbow trout in an estuary with periodic summer hypoxia
No full textMany present-day aquatic ecosystems are defined by anthropogenic activities such as the introduction of non-native species, habitat loss, and eutrophication. On Prince Edward Island, Canada, non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have established in highly agricultural coastal watersheds. We used acoustic telemetry with continual oxygen and temperature monitoring to explore the relationship between rainbow trout movements, low dissolved oxygen, high temperature, and other environmental parameters in the eutrophic Dunk River estuary. We tested the hypothesis that rainbow trout capitalize on increased productivity from nutrient stimulation but face a trade-off with disturbed water quality. We divided the salinity transition gradient into zones representing the transition from freshwater to seawater and established that temperature and hypoxia increased with salinity. During hypoxic periods, movements decreased, and residence increased in low salinity habitat ( 6 mg L−1, discharge averaging 2 m3 s−1, and temperatures below 23 °C. This study provides insights into the success of rainbow trout in eutrophic estuaries
Musculoskeletal injuries in Standardbred racehorses on Prince Edward Island.
No full textA study of musculoskeletal injuries in Standardbred racehorses on Prince Edward Island was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors for injury. Monthly information was collected from 10 trainers and 153 Standardbred horses over a 12-month period. Seventeen new injuries were identified in pacers, representing a horse level incidence risk of 23% and an incidence rate of injury of 2.19 per horse-month at risk. Forty-one percent of the injuries occurred during a race, 53% during training and 6% during jogging. Fourteen horses had experienced a previous injury and 3 of these horses experienced a new injury during the study period. Potential risk factors for injury were the speed at which the horse was trained, previous injury, and the conformational fault of offset knees.journal articleresearch support, non-u.s. gov't2021 SepimportedSir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centr
A review of bio-oil upgrading by catalytic hydrotreatment: Advances, challenges, and prospects
No full textFast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) have been regarded as the most promising thermochemical conversion technologies for liquid bio-fuels production. However, the poor quality of generated crude bio-oils, such as high O and water contents, low thermal stability, and high corrosivity, limits their direct applications as the alternative transportation fuels. Thus, a number of upgrading techniques mainly including chemical and physical methods have been developed. Among them, hydrotreatment like hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) as a well-established technology at petroleum refinery plants has been widely adopted for upgrading of the crude oil obtained from pyrolysis or HTL. In this review, the effects of various upgrading reaction conditions (temperature, H2 pressure, solvents, residence time, and catalyst) of HDO treatment of real bio-oil and its mode compounds are thoroughly reviewed. In which, the underlying mechanisms for bio-oil HDO are elucidated with a wide range of its model compounds (lignin-derived oxygenates and carbohydrates-derived oxygenates) and the interaction between these model compounds. Moreover, a discussion regarding the HDO of real bio-oil from pyrolysis and HTL is provided, and the technical/operating problems for the catalytic HDO and the possible solutions are presented. Finally, the important knowledge gaps and future directions are addressed for further investigations.Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Resources Canad
International recruitment in Canadian higher education: Factors influencing students’ perceptions and experiences with education agents
No full textEducation agents, also known as college counsellors or third-party recruiters, have been used extensively by Canadian higher education institutions (HEIs) to recruit international students. Unfortunately, little research to date has focused on international students in Canadian HEIs regarding agent practices. This study investigated Canada-bound international students’ perceptions of and experiences with education agents. A survey consisting of two scales was used to gather data. A total of 385 participants representing 59 countries responded to the survey. Findings revealed that nearly half of the participants used education agents during their application, but their general perceptions of and specific experiences with agents were less than satisfactory. This study also identified a few characteristics of international students that might help Canadian HEIs improve the efficiency of their recruitment practices and policies
The adoption of self-service kiosks in quick-service restaurants
No full textThis study investigates factors influencing the customers’ decision to use self-service kiosks in quick service restaurants. A model incorporating Technology Acceptance Model and Satisfaction Model was developed to examine the relationships among trust, self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intention toward using these kiosks. The moderating impact of age, gender and past self-service kiosks experience was also examined. An online survey that measured customer perceptions and evaluations of self-service kiosks in McDonald’s garnered 415 responses. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling and multiple regression analyses. Recommendations address the importance of clear, accessible information about kiosk operation; visible security measures; and enhanced features such as menu item nutrient profiles and promotions. These findings and recommendations can be used to promote self-service kiosk usage, thereby addressing the COVID-19 induced prohibitions against direct service in restaurants
Genomics accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected as part of Vet-LIRN resistance monitoring
No full textWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) has changed our understanding of bacterial pathogens, aiding outbreak investigations and advancing our knowledge of their genetic features. However, there has been limited use of genomics to understand antimicrobial resistance of veterinary pathogens, which would help identify emerging resistance mechanisms and track their spread. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a major pathogen of companion animals, by comparing broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. From 2017-2019, we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS on S. pseudintermedius isolates collected from dogs in the United States as a part of the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) antimicrobial resistance monitoring program. Across thirteen antimicrobials in nine classes, resistance genotypes correlated with clinical resistance phenotypes 98.4 % of the time among a collection of 592 isolates. Our findings represent isolates from diverse lineages based on phylogenetic analyses, and these strong correlations are comparable to those from studies of several human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. We uncovered some important findings, including that 32.3 % of isolates had the mecA gene, which correlated with oxacillin resistance 97.0 % of the time. We also identified a novel rpoB mutation likely encoding rifampin resistance. These results show the value in using WGS to assess antimicrobial resistance in veterinary pathogens and to reveal putative new mechanisms of resistance