17390 research outputs found
Sort by
Ethical and epistemological implications of conducting ethnographic fieldwork as a researcher-cum-clinician in Brussels, Belgium
Get PDFWe draw on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Brussels (Belgium) on the health care experiences of undocumented migrants. We explore the implications of the double position of the ethnographer, who is both a researcher and a practicing doctor. We describe how the intimate knowledge the ethnographer-cum-clinician holds about the health care system influenced and shaped the data collection, analysis and subsequent policy recommendations. We examine the ethical dilemmas in conducting research from an engaged position about care practices toward vulnerable populations in one’s own professional field. We conclude with recommendations on how to challenge and interrupt complexities faced by multi-positioned ethnographers
A model for effective learning in competition: A pedagogical tool to enhance enjoyment and perceptions of competency in physical education lessons for young children
Get PDFTo date, little research on competition has focused on young children (6-7-year-olds). A total of ninety-seven participants (51 boys and 46 girls) from two English primary schools completed two physical education (PE) lessons, which included three different activity challenges. The control group undertook the same activities in both lessons. The experimental group did likewise but were set high-, low-, or mid-level targets in lesson two based on individual scores from lesson one. The children completed a post-session questionnaire to assess (i) enjoyment levels and (ii) which activity they perceived they performed best in. The results found that children both improved and enjoyed the lesson most when low- or mid-level targets were set. Indeed, when targets were absent (in the control group), children's competency scores regressed. Likewise, children perceived that they performed best in the activity where lower targets were set. Their perceived competency included both tangible and intangible reasons. From these results, it is recommended that for practitioners working with 6-7-year-old children, the most effective learning in competition uses individualised and competitive targets and challenges as a means to garner greater enjoyment in PE. Understanding each child's self-efficacy and motivation is key, which requires ongoing evaluation and assessment during PE lessons
Beyond the hype
No full textThis chapter comprehensively explores the clinical perspectives on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare. It examines AI's significant opportunities for enhancing diagnostic capabilities, personalising treatment plans, streamlining clinical workflows, and improving clinician wellbeing. The chapter also delves into the challenges clinicians face with AI adoption, including technological literacy, ethical concerns, legal uncertainty, and patient trust. The impact of AI is analysed across various medical specialities, such as radiology, oncology, cardiology, emergency medicine, and dermatology. Emphasis is placed on the ethical considerations surrounding AI development and implementation in healthcare. Recommendations are provided to ensure the responsible integration of AI tools into clinical practice, underscoring the importance of clinician involvement, transparency, and ethical principles. Overall, the chapter offers valuable insights into leveraging AI's potential to improve patient outcomes while upholding the highest standards of care
Sexual harassment awareness and strategic organisational commitment in hotels: Evidence from two developing countries
No full textThe utility of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the diagnosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a cardiovascular disease caused by physical/psychological stressors with significant morbidity if left untreated. Because TTC often mimics acute myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary disease, the condition is often underdiagnosed in the population. Our aim was to discuss the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in diagnosing TTC. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases from inception until April 8, 2023, for studies on the utility of AI- or ML-based algorithms in diagnosing TTC compared with other cardiovascular diseases or healthy controls. We summarized major findings in a narrative fashion and tabulated relevant numerical parameters. Results: Five studies with a total of 920 patients were included. Four hundred and forty-seven were diagnosed with TTC via International Classification of Diseases codes or the Mayo Clinic diagnostic criteria, while there were 473 patients in the comparator group (29 of healthy controls, 429 of myocardial infarction, and 14 of acute myocarditis). Hypertension and smoking were the most common comorbidities in both cohorts, but there were no statistical differences between TTC and comparators. Two studies utilized deep-learning algorithms on transthoracic echocardiographic images, while the rest incorporated supervised ML on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 12-lead electrocardiographs, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. All studies found that AI-based algorithms can increase the diagnostic rate of TTC when compared to healthy controls or myocardial infarction patients. In three of these studies, AI-based algorithms had higher sensitivity and specificity compared to human readers. Conclusion: AI and ML algorithms can improve the diagnostic capacity of TTC and additionally reduce erroneous human error in differentiating from MI and healthy individuals
Rehabilitation from an acquired brain injury in changing contexts
Get PDFTelehealth is an increasingly common way to deliver therapeutic interventions, to overcome access issues, and most recently during the Covid-19 pandemic, to limit infection risk. There is some evidence to support group interventions to be delivered in this way, however research into suitability for specific client groups has been recommended. People with acquired brain injuries (ABIs) often experience various difficulties that may make joining in-person groups more difficult, but also may affect engagement in online groups. A review was carried out to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of online psychosocial groups for ABI. A literature search of five databases identified eleven included studies. Their quality was reviewed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Overall, online psychosocial groups for ABI appeared to be feasible and acceptable to people with an ABI and facilitators. It is more difficult to draw conclusions about effectiveness due to small sample sizes and the absence of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Specific strengths and challenges for delivering groups online for people with ABI are discussed. Clinical implications include providing training and suitable resources. Further research is recommended to include more detailed qualitative research and large scale RCTs
Adaptive SOC Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Cluster-Based Deep Learning Models Across Diverse Temperatures
No full textAccurate State of Charge (SOC) estimation for lithium-ion batteries is crucial but challenging due to their complex nonlinear behaviour and sensitivity to ambient temperature. This paper assesses a novel Cluster-Based Learning Model (CBLM) integrating K-Means clustering with machine and deep learning algorithms like LSTM, BiLSTM, Random Forest, and XGBoost for SOC estimation. The key innovation is developing a framework that allows tailored learning of distinctive operational behaviour of the battery using the proposed CBLM. Additionally, the application of centroid proximity mechanism that dynamically assigns test data to the specialised models, real-time dynamic SOC estimation that is adapted to current charging conditions is the novelty of this paper, paired with the effective assessment of the CBLM framework under varied thermal conditions. Across temperatures from -20°C to 40°C, CBLM demonstrates superior accuracy over current state-of-art standalone model, with over 73% RMSE and 50% MAE reduction at 10°C and 40°C. Statistical validation confirms significant difference in performance, favouring the proposed framework
Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP): New strains, new perspectives
No full textThe process of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is revolutionizing construction and geotechnical engineering. By harnessing the ability of microorganisms to induce calcium carbonate formation, it is possible to sustainably and environmentally produce construction materials and other substances of interest. Ureolytic bacteria, such as Bacillus pasteurii, play a key role in biocementation. Few studies have identified new bacteria capable of performing MICP. This work aims to select urease-producing strains from water and soil samples collected from extreme Algerian ecosystems. A total of 34 different bacterial strains were isolated at 47°C. A thermophilic test confirmed the growth of 11 strains at 55°C. Screening on UNB medium was conducted to select urease-producing bacteria. After a 3-day incubation, calcite crystals formed in the UNB medium, confirmed by microscopy. An application test was conducted to select microbial strains based on their ability to solidify construction sand through biocementation. The bacteria isolated and screened from this work promise to significantly advance MICP research
To use or not to use: ERIC database for medical education research
Get PDFIntroduction
Bibliographic databases are essential research tools. In medicine, key databases are MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central (MEC). In education, the Education Resource Information Center (ERIC) is a major database. Medical education, situated between medicine and education, has no dedicated database of its own. Many medical education researchers use MEC, some use ERIC and some do not.
Methods
We performed a descriptive analysis using search strategies to retrieve medical education references from MEC and ERIC. ERIC references which were duplicates with MEC references were removed. Unique ERIC references were tallied.
Results
Between 1977 and 2022, MEC has 359,354 unique references relevant to medical education. ERIC provided 3925 unique references for the same period, all of which would be missed by searching only MEC. The mean unique ERIC medical education references per year for all 46 years is 85 (SD = ±29), or 119 (SD = ±15) for the last 10 years from 2013 to 2022.
Conclusion
ERIC consistently offered a small yet significant number of unique references relevant to medical education for decades. We recommend the use of ERIC for medical education research when comprehensive literature searches are required, such as in systematic reviews, scoping reviews, evidence synthesis, or guideline development
An ethnographic study on the influence of popular music on young Algerians’ cultural identity: fashion, style and everyday life
Get PDFThis PhD is an interdisciplinary research project in the field of cultural studies, youth studies and popular music studies. It is a qualitative research, which applies ethnography as a main method to explore the everyday life of twenty five Algerian young adults and gain a deeper knowledge on the influence of popular music on their cultural identity, style, fashion and everyday life experience.
The thesis focuses upon the role of music in Algerian young people’s lives, examining the impact of popular music consumption on young Algerian Adults’ cultural identity, fashion, style and everyday life. The study examines the role of western media, specifically popular music and its impact on Algerian young people’s cultural identity, highlighting the social and cultural changes that occurred in their everyday lives, including their lifestyles, fashion and styles. This thesis argues that Algerian young people’s cultural identity is affected by the media consumption of western media, mainly popular music. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of popular music with its all different genres on Algerian young people’s everyday life.
This study has accessed a detailed empirical data by employing an inductive approach and ethnographic methods and strategies, like; interviews, observations and field diary, which helped creating a trust relationship with the research participants, who are a group of young Algerian woman and men, aged between 18 to 25 years old. The Study was conducted in Algeria, particularity in the city of Guelma, Algiers, Annaba and Constantine.
This current research explores the major changes that most of the research participants’ experience in their everyday life, which is mostly caused by consuming popular music. Focusing on the challenges they encounter to maintain their cultural identities and highlighting the struggles they face between modernity and traditions. Offering further insights into the concept of everyday life; portraying the research participants’ daily fashion and styles, and the various displays of music tastes. The main focus is to explore the struggles that most Algerian young men and women experience; their inner conflict between adopting the western lifestyle and modernity, or maintaining their traditions and cultural identities. Based on the findings of this study, Algerian young men and women are well aware of the influence that the western popular music has on their intersecting identities, reflected through their daily life interests and activities, style, and fashion. Some hesitate between adopting the modern lifestyle and western beliefs or keeping and maintaining their own traditions and values as a whole. The data found that the research participants are caught in a liminal position, on the one hand, they resist their curiosity and interests towards western cultures, and ignore the call of modernity, and at the same time feel restricted by engaging themselves in local, traditional and religious interests. The PhD found mixed results, some appeared lost and confused, resisting any forms of modernity, while others were compromising by adopting parts of the western cultures, beliefs and values, trying to make it fit within their own, creating a combination of hybrid cultures of their own.
In this research, intersectionality is used as a theoretical framework, which allows me to explore meaning throughout the data, and helps me understand the different layers of the intersecting social identities, such as sex, gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, class, physical appearance, and others, which shape and affect the lives of Algerian young people in so many different ways depending on the context. Intersectionality as an analytical tool allows the thesis to raise awareness about the overlapping social categories, which result in creating various intersecting systems of oppressions and privileges. That can affect Algerian young people’s life choices and opportunities, and the everyday life experience. (De Certeau, 1980). The findings suggest that Algerian young adults have diverse preferences in music, mainly western popular music, which happens to have a major impact on their identities, style and how they react in their everyday life. Furthermore, the versatile styles and fashion of most of the research participants is characterised by its diversity and modernity, which was highly influenced by their different music tastes and interests in by popular music bands and music artists