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Integrating AI into engineering education: Leveraging CDIO for enhanced assessment
Get PDFThe recent advancements of generation artificial intelligence (Gen AI) and large language model (LLM AI) in content creation and manipulation have brought significant challenges to teaching and learning in various disciplines. These challenges have called for a transformative change in traditional teaching and assessment strategies to accommodate the latest technological advancements, without compromising the integrity of assessments and evaluations. Many higher education institutions (HEIs) have employed critical thinking tasks within their evaluation methods to stimulate a thought process that would be difficult to simulate by AI-assisted technologies. However, it has been repeatedly observed that even analytical topics such as mathematics and core engineering modules were susceptible to the corruptive use of AI-assisted technologies in their assessments, which fundamentally demeans the educational qualifications’ quality across the HEIs. Equally well researched and developed machine learning AI (ML AI) can assist in data processing, pattern recognition and analysis.
Having witnessed the advantages of CDIO (conceive, design, implement, operate)-based curricula in fostering innovation, critical thinking, and analytical skills across engineering, technology and design courses, this paper designs a modern strategy that harnesses the novelties of AI technologies within a CDIO-based pedagogy. This is as Gen AI has the potential to assist students in evaluating their conceived ideas at “C” stage, feedback on “D” and machine learning AI (ML AI) analysis of “O” stages, shortening the project lifecycle. Using the existing case-studies on CDIO-based teaching and learning, the intersection of CDIO principles and AI technologies have been mapped to identify opportunities and interferences. The findings demonstrated the empowerment of each CDIO stage, conceive, design, implement and operation, through the effective and optimum use of technology, both in teaching methods and in assessments. Therefore, this paper presents a modern approach to teaching and learning, acknowledging the opportunities and risks of AI within the engineering curriculum. It demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in CDIO pedagogy, to not only reduce the risks but also harness the potential benefits as a stimulating tool rather than a replicating technology. The output of this work offers rich insights to HEIs who seek to embrace the positive aspects of AI technologies while preserving the resilience and integrity of their practices in this era of technology
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of first contact physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care: the FRONTIER, mixed method realist evaluation
No full textFirst-contact physiotherapists assess and diagnose patients with musculoskeletal disorders, determining the best course of management without prior general practitioner consultation. The primary aim was to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of first-contact physiotherapists compared with general practitioner-led models of care. Mixed-method realist evaluation of effectiveness and costs, comprising three main phases: A United Kingdom-wide survey of first contact physiotherapists. Rapid realist review of first contact physiotherapists to determine programme theories. A mixed-method case study evaluation of 46 general practices across the United Kingdom, grouped as three service delivery models: General practitioner: general practitioner-led models of care (no first contact physiotherapists). First-contact physiotherapists standard provision: standard first-contact physiotherapist-led model of care. First-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications: first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications to enable them to inject and/or prescribe. United Kingdom general practice. A total of 46 sites participated in the case study evaluation and 426 patients were recruited; 80 staff and patients were interviewed. Short Form 36 physical outcome component score and costs of treatment. No statistically significant difference in the primary outcome Short Form 36 physical component score measure at 6-month primary end point between general practitioner-led, first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications models of care. A greater number of patients who had first-contact physiotherapist standard provision (72.4%) and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications (66.4%) showed an improvement at 3 months compared with general practitioner-led care (54.7%). No statistically significant differences were found between the study arms in other secondary outcome measures, including the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version. Some 6.3% of participants were lost to follow-up at 3 months; a further 1.9% were lost to follow-up after 3 months and before 6 months. Service-use analysis data were available for 348 participants (81.7%) at 6 months. Inspecting the entire 6 months of the study, a statistically significant difference in total cost was seen between the three service models, irrespective of whether inpatient costs were included or excluded from the calculation. In both instances, the general practitioner service model was found to be significantly costlier, with a median total cost of £105.50 versus £41.00 for first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and £44.00 for first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications. Base-case analysis used band 7 for first-contact physiotherapist groups. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken at band 8a for first-contact physiotherapists with additional qualifications; the general practitioner-led model of care remained significantly costlier. Qualitative investigation highlighted key issues to support implementation: understanding role remit, integrating and supporting staff including full information technology access and extended appointment times. Services were significantly impacted by COVID-19 treatment restrictions, and recruitment was hampered by additional pressures in primary care. A further limitation was the lack of diversity within the sample. First-contact physiotherapists and general practitioner models of care are equally clinically effective for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Analysis showed the general practitioner-led model of care is costlier than both the first-contact physiotherapist standard provision and first-contact physiotherapist with additional qualifications models. Implementation is supported by raising awareness of the first-contact physiotherapist role, retention of extended appointment times, and employment models that provide first-contact physiotherapists with professional support. Determining whether shifting workforce impacts physiotherapy provision and outcomes across the musculoskeletal pathway. The study is registered as Research Registry UIN researchregistry5033. This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: 16/116/03) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 49. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information
Cognition, relevance and ideology formation through travel documentaries: A longitudinal approach to audiences
Get PDFThe paper proposes a novel longitudinal approach to the study of the rhetorical effects of media by combining Audience Research (e.g. Schrøder et al., 2003), Social Semiotics (e.g. Kress and van Leeuwen, 1996, 2001; van Leeuwen, 1999; Machin and Mayr, 2012) and Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1995). After introducing a more nuanced model of RT’s contextual effect, the paper reports an empirical case study to explicate the methodological approach. Evidence is provided that a specific text can have a long-lasting effect on an audience: a hierarchy of effects and the cognitive circumstances under which this may happen are discussed
Construction of a prognostic survival model with tumor immune-related genes for breast cancer.
Get PDFNumerous studies have demonstrated that immune cell infiltration is a significant predictor in the prognosis of those with breast cancer. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for undifferentiated breast cancer using immune-related markers. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognostic factors were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cancer immune-associated genes were filtered using the GeneCards database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox proportional hazards regression were employed to select prognostic indicators. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm and the CIBERSORT algorithm were used to analyze the correlation of prognostic indicators with immune cells in breast cancer. We identified six tumor immune-related genes, including zic family member 2 ( ), solute carrier family 7 member 5 ( ), forkhead box J1 ( ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 ( ), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 ( ), and serine protease 2 ( ), for the development of a prognostic model for patients with breast cancer. Notably, the results of the correlation analysis indicated that was associated with antitumor immune cells, including CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, M1 macrophages, and activated memory CD4 T cells, and with the enrichment of natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells. Furthermore, exhibited a significant negative association with the tumor-promoting M2 macrophage phenotype. Our study established a six-gene model for predicting breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, we unexpectedly discovered that is integral to immune infiltration in breast cancer and may serve as a critical biomarker for evaluating immune response and therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer treatment. [Abstract copyright: 2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Interventions to improve continence for children and young people with neurodisability: a national survey of practitioner and family perspectives and experiences.
Get PDFObjective
Describe families’ experiences of interventions to improve continence in children and young people with neurodisability, and health professionals’ and school and social care staff’s perspectives regarding factors affecting intervention use.
Design
Four online surveys were developed and advertised to parent carers, young people with neurodisability, health professionals and school and social care staff, via societies, charities, professional contacts, schools, local authorities, and national parent carer and family forums, who shared invitations with their networks. Survey questions explored: difficulties helping children and young people use interventions; acceptability of interventions and waiting times; ease of use and availability of interventions, and facilitators and barriers to improving continence.
Results
1028 parent carers, 26 young people, 352 health professionals and 202 school and social care staff registered to participate. Completed surveys were received from 579 (56.3%) parent carers, 20 (77%) young people, 193 (54.8%) health professionals, and 119 (58.9%) school and social care staff. Common parent carer-reported difficulties in using interventions to help their children and young people to learn to use the toilet included their child’s lack of understanding about what was required (reported by 337 of 556 (60.6%) parent carers who completed question) and their child’s lack of willingness (343 of 556, 61.7%). Almost all (142 of 156, 91%) health professionals reported lack of funding and resources as barriers to provision of continence services. Many young people (14 of 19, 74%) were unhappy using toilet facilities while out and about.
Conclusions
Perceptions that children lack understanding and willingness, and inadequate facilities impact the implementation of toileting interventions for children and young people with neurodisability. Greater understanding is needed for children to learn developmentally appropriate toileting skills. Further research is recommended around availability and acceptability of interventions to ensure quality of life is unaffected
Heads Together - improving social worker knowledge of brain injury
No full textThe North American Brain Injury Society's 17th Conference on Brain Injury
Moving pilgrimage into the virtual realm: Understanding of the advantages and complexities of immersive technologies
No full textImmersive technologies, including mixed realities (MR), virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), have gained rapid development and presented more interactions for visitors with innovative solutions. Although the degree of immersive technologies enriching the visitor experience has been well studied, little attention has been given to the pilgrimage tourism experience in the current literature despite being a significant part of the global tourism economy and attracting millions of travellers annually. To better understand how visitors respond to the use of immersive technologies and fill this gap, this chapter offers a conceptual framework by examining the overall role of immersive technologies on the pilgrimage experience in cognitive, emotional, spatial and social behavioural aspects. This chapter also discusses the challenges and limitations of implementing immersive technologies in pilgrimage tourism. It concludes with recommendations for the future of pilgrimage tourism and practical implications in light of these findings
Inclusive transport, sustainability and travel behaviour change
No full textIn this lecture, Dr. Kenyon discussed how to achieve a transport system for the Canterbury District that is more inclusive, more sustainable and offers more choice to our residents, visitors and businesses.
Dr. Kenyon highlighted the benefits of a more inclusive transport system and a more sustainable transport system.
For environmental and practical reasons, we can’t just increase transport to increase social inclusion. We need to change the mobility of some, in order to increase the mobility of others. And this means that we need support people to make different travel choices.
Dr. Kenyon outlined how to understand how able and willing residents are to change their travel behaviour, alongside strategies to increase ability and willingness to change, in order to achieve a more inclusive and sustainable transport system
‘This is not a drill’: Police and partnership preparedness for consequences of the climate crisis
Get PDFThis scoping study investigates the state of preparedness of the police and their partners for the potential consequences of the climate crisis in a United Kingdom (UK) context. The research engaged participants at strategic, tactical and operational levels of planning and operations, and conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data to identify key themes: climate change impacts; why the police should care; prioritisation and preparation; and enabling and impeding factors. The results suggest that the police and their partners may be ill-prepared for the gamut of possible consequences. Preparedness appears hampered by a narrow focus on legislated requirements, short-term planning, lack of funding and resources, and limited prescience. Recommendations are made for redefining planning parameters, strengthening central government engagement, amplifying awareness and understanding of trend analyses, prioritisation of ‘futures’ thinking, ethical considerations and collaborative preparedness. The study has implications for law, public policy and professional practice in the UK, and other global jurisdictions seeking to develop risk assessment processes and preparedness for the consequences of climate change