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Learning and Development of Mental Models during Interactions with Driving Automation: A Simulator Study
Get PDFHigher level cognitive processes such as learning and mental models play a fundamental role in the success of automated driving, as technology can only be as good as our understanding and expectations of it. The present study investigated the development of these processes during interactions with driving automation. In a driving simulator study, N=52 participants completed several transitions between manual and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) levels 2 and 3 automated driving. Self-reported learning progress and mental model development were assessed via questionnaires. In parallel, eye-tracking data were collected as a behavioral measure of higher level cognitive functions. The results demonstrated that self-reported learning and gaze behavior followed a power-law function; the power-law functions showed task specific parameter manifestations. The evolution of the mental models of the level 2 and level 3 human-machine interface continued up to the fifth contact, indicating a long lasting process. For researchers and practitioners, the present study implies that accurate mental models require up to 5 repeated interactions. Furthermore, learning progress with driving automation can be captured through gaze behavior
The Materiality of the Spiritual
Get PDFThis year I have been interested in the ways in which art reaches beyond itself and approaches a sort of universality, a spirituality. Beyond imagery itself, there is the concern of material, which is the focus of my recent exploration. For this project, I investigated how a work’s substrate enhances its imagery in the pursuit of a spiritual dialogue/ interaction between art and viewer. I experimented with paper, cardboard, canvas, wood, plaster, and concrete; I learned that each has a wide range of uses and effects, both historically and in my studio practice. Although I had originally thought of material as a purely formal concern, I realized that there is more that goes into creating a harmonious balance between form and image. I went into this project assuming I would end with a decisive aesthetic formula relating the aim or concept of my work and my imagery to the materials, but that was not the case. Instead, this project forced me to consider the ways in which material can be used for various purposes, and how to better understand what type of substrate might best enhance the type of imagery I am looking to use in my work
The Differential Diagnosis of ADEM vs MS: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are both inflammatory demyelinating diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike MS, the diagnosis of ADEM is rare and remains primarily clinical without an identifiable biomarker to distinguish it. Furthermore, misdiagnoses can occur between ADEM and MS because they have similar presentations at onset. As part of the healthcare team, physical therapists may be the first to notice the subtle clinical differences between these similar disease states. Thus, the purpose of this case is to compare and contrast the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and diagnostic criteria of MS and ADEM, in order to better understand how to differentiate these two inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Case Description: The patient was a 35-year-old woman hospitalized for dizziness, nausea, unsteady gait, and slurred speech that started initially as intermittent vertigo, but progressed over a 1-month period. The patient was transferred to the neurology unit and diagnostic testing was performed in order to determine potential diagnoses. Assessments: Due to the presentation of symptoms at onset, the patient received a computerized tomography angiography (CTA) of the head, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spine, and a lumbar puncture to retrieve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. Discussion: This case report represents the initial episode of symptom onset in an individual suffering from an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Although this patient presented to the Emergency Department (ED) for worsening symptoms, her initial symptoms began one-month prior with intermittent vertigo. Physical therapists often evaluate and treat this diagnosis; therefore, it is vital to have an evolving knowledge of different diagnoses in order to identify the subtle signs of systemic involvement of disease and be a potential referral source to provide the highest quality care
The Implementation of Musculoskeletal Principles in a Clivus Chordoma Survivor with Neck Pain
Get PDFBackground: Long term side effects of cancer treatments can have a significant effect on functional mobility. Radiation therapy can have significant effects on all body tissue, including muscle and connective tissue. Surgical resection of malignant tumors also carries post-operative side effects that can influence function. The purpose of this case study is to highlight the successful treatment of neck pain despite limited treatment options from a complex past medical history. Case Description: This case study details the treatment of a 56-year-old female with a history of a clivus chordoma. Adverse effects following surgical resection, cervical fusion, and radiation therapy compelled this patient to present to an outpatient orthopedic clinic with complaints of neck pain and the presence of multiple functional deficits. Intervention: The intervention focused on manual therapy to address soft tissue adhesions in the upper quarter, therapeutic exercise to increase thoracic mobility, neuromuscular re-education of the transverse abdominus and diaphragm, and education for the successful integration of therapy principles to activities of daily living and exercise. Outcome Measures: The outcome measures utilized with this patient were limited to the Focus On Therapeutic Outcomes survey. Discussion: Several publications on the topic of clivus chordoma treatment, radiation therapy, and the overall neuromuscular complications experienced by cancer survivors acknowledge the role that physical therapy must play in the successful rehabilitation of these patients. Review of the related literature provides support for the interventions utilized in this case study including soft tissue mobilization, joint mobilization, therapeutic exercise, and neuromuscular re-education
The Clinical Reasoning and Multi-Modal Rehabilitation Approach in a Patient with Post Concussive Syndrome Following a Moderate-TBI: A Case Study
Get PDFBackground: Prolonged and persistent symptoms following a concussion, also known as post concussion syndrome, are becoming more prevalent in recent literature. Multi-modal treatment is widely accepted in the treatment of patients with post concussive syndrome; however, the initiation and progression of specific interventions is still debated. Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical decision-making process associated with multi-modal rehabilitation options for a patient with post concussive syndrome following a moderate TBI. Case Description: A 57-year-old male referred to physical therapy 2 months following a moderate-TBI and diagnosed with post concussion syndrome. His symptoms consisted of dizziness, severe headache, cervical pain, photophobia, hyperacusis, and impaired balance. His past medical history is benign with no history of previous concussions. Intervention: The interventions utilized in this patient’s rehabilitation can be divided into four main categories: manual therapy, postural re-education, balance interventions, and vestibular inventions. His treatment consisted of 13 therapy sessions over an 8-week period. Outcome Measures: Two outcome measures were utilized in this patient’s plan of care, including the symptom evaluation section of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT 5) and the Berg Balance Assessment. Other objective measures included pain rating, cervical range of motion, and vestibular-ocular assessments. Discussion: This case study outlines a multi-modal plan of care for a patient with post concussion syndrome. Furthermore, this case highlights the complexity and individuality associated with patients diagnosed with post concussion syndrome
Wisdom (Hikmah) as Perceived by Iranian Muslim Scholars: Reflections on Ibn Sina, Ghazali, and Suhrawardi
Get PDFThe evolution of the concept of spiritual/religious wisdom (ḥikamt) by the Iranian Muslim philosophers from the 10th to 12th century, may be studied under three main trends namely Mashā’i (Peripatetic), Kalām (theology), and Ishrāq (Illumination). Despite the correlation among these trends each of them grew independently. Among the three, the Hikmat-i Ishrāq (Illumination Wisdom) which is also known as Ḥikamt-i Dhawqi (Intuitive Wisdom) of Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (1153-1191) found a special place as it tended to bring together the philosophical and theological aspects of wisdom. This survey would address the development of ḥikmat (wisdom) among Iranian philosophers (hukamā’). It will focus on three outstanding thinkers namely Ibn Sina (980-1037), Ghazali (1058-1111) and Suhrawardi. Ibn Sina represents the Islamized version of Aristotelian Peripatetic philosophy. Ghazali benefited from Ibn Sina’s writing but took a different direction, distancing himself from philosophy by giving more weight to theology. Suhrawardi adopted ‘light’ – a strong symbolic expression used in both pre-Islamic and Islamic sources – and gave ‘wisdom’ a different edge that involved intuition as a reliable source of receiving guidance. In the study of the theoretical and philosophical aspects of the Illumination Wisdom (Ḥikmat-i Ishrāq) one can find traces of the evolution of the concept of wisdom as perceived by Ibn Sina and Ghazali
Sunday in the Park With George: The Painting
No full textAt the end of Act I George places all of the characters in the play to create the image of A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. As a costume designer, Sunday in the Park with George offers up an amazing opportunity coupled with a challenge—to interpret the figures in Georges Seurat’s painting in a way that is meaningful to the style of the individual production. In my case, I wanted the costumes to compliment the director’s vision of these characters as real, tangible people who inhabited a world of color and light. To do so, I employed the use of texture as a means of translating the dots of the pointillism style of painting—rather than conform to the blocked colors of the painting, I drew inspiration form the individual dots of color. Every garment in the first act had some element of texture, whether it was the visual texture of the print on Yvonne’s skirt or the tangible texture created by the mix of different fabrics like wool, tweed, and lace.https://ir.uiowa.edu/costume_design/1044/thumbnail.jp
How Asylum Policy in France Contributes to a Gap in Perceptions between French Nationals and Asylees
Get PDFAsylum seekers in France are suffering both socially and economically due to a legal structure in place that blocks them from obtaining work during the first six months of their asylum claim processing. Interviews conducted during the summer of 2018 with French nationals, refugees and asylum seekers indicates that if asylum seekers were granted access to work after one month or less, negative attitudes between migrants and French nationals would be drastically reduced.
The six month timeline is new. Until September 10th, 2018, asylum seekers had to wait nine months before being allowed to search for work. If lawmakers in France today have agreed on this and taken action to cut the time down to six months, there is no valid argument as to why the wait period cannot be cut down even further. The economic situation for both asylum seekers and the French welfare system would be greatly improved if asylees could work, contribute to the economy, and pay taxes in France. By analyzing the history and current state of asylum policy in France, this thesis identifies the key issues of contention between French nationals and asylum seekers. This argument will be proven using demographic and polling data in France as well as research through the interviews conducted during the summer of 2018.
France has been an ideal study of these changes because it remains largely in the middle of extreme and differing points of view between other countries in Europe. France has not followed the extreme route Germany has in letting in massive numbers of Syrian refugees, nor has it reached the opposite extreme that Bulgaria has, with minimal acceptances and a terrible record of asylum seeker treatment. Asylum seekers will not disappear from France anytime soon. They will continue to come into the country and the French economy will need them to become productive members contributing to the social and economic success of the country. They enrich France both socially, culturally, and linguistically. They must now have the additional ability to do so economically and to rebuild their lives in a new country
Leveraging the Competition: How Wealth Managers Can Use Robo-Advisors to their Advantage
Get PDFThis paper investigates the threat of robo-advisors to the wealth management industry as trends show the increased propensity of the Millennial and Gen Z generations to migrate away from traditional financial advisors. It also presents potential topics for future research related to the matter. A primary goal of robo-advisors is to minimize costs and avoid conflicts of interest, all while appealing to a growing population of technologically savvy investors. Thus, consumer preferences, particularly those of the Millennial and Gen Z generation, and their willingness to “bare-all” to a computer-based algorithm lies at the center of the debate regarding the threat of robo-advisors to the wealth management industry, and what can be done by human advisors to adapt. This consumer willingness will be explored.
Furthermore, in order for robo-advisors to subvert traditional financial advisors, they must achieve returns consistent to or greater than those of their human counterparts, and must also uphold a fiduciary standard when providing investment advice. This paper aims to summarize the arguments for and against the widespread use of robo-advisors, their potential to subvert their human counterparts, and the likelihood of younger generations to migrate towards these services through an expansive review of existing research on the subject. Finally, due to the complexity revolving around an ever-changing technological network and a continually evolving financial regulatory environment, future research should be aimed at exploring the impact of any new developments with robo-advisors from a generational trend, technological advancement, or regulatory change perspective
