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Converting the Rosebud: Catholic Mission and the Lakotas, 1886-1916
Get PDFReview of: Converting the Rosebud: Catholic Mission and the Lakotas, 1886–1916, by Harvey Markowitz
Two Homelands: A Historian Considers His Life and Work
Get PDFReview of: Two Homelands: A Historian Considers His Life and Work, by Odd S. Lovoll
Quality of Care and Patient Safety
Get PDFThis issue of Proceedings in Obstetrics and Gynecology (POG) is devoted to exploring issues related to the quality of care provided to patients and to patient safety
Quantitative Blood Loss (QBL) at every delivery: a quality improvement initiative utilizing Electronic Medical Record tools
Get PDFMaternal hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States and efforts are in place to eliminate preventable harm. Accurate assessment of blood lost around the time of birth is essential for timely recognition and intervention. As part of the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health (AIM) Obstetrical Hemorrhage Patient Safety Bundle at our institution a quantitative blood loss (QBL) calculator was created within the electronic medical record. This process allows for real-time tracking of cumulative blood loss measurements and is built with triggers to alert the care team when criteria for various hemorrhage stages are achieved along with suggested interventions and assessments. The consistency of implementation and efficacy of the QBL calculator was evaluated by following both utilization of the calculator flowsheet as well as tracking of rates of erroneous QBL values, defined by negative values and cesarean deliveries with QBL2019, 14 months after implementation and post three system-based improvements. By the end of this implementation review the calculator was in use consistently at all cesarean deliveries with improved confidence in the process by providers
Releasing the Fantasy: Wittgenstein\u27s Critique of Consciousness
Get PDFMy work defends Wittgenstein’s continued relevance to philosophy of mind by presenting a close exegesis of §420 of the Philosophical Investigations, a remark in which he anticipates contemporary debates concerning the conceivability of so-called “zombies”, or imaginary creatures who lack consciousness, but are otherwise identical to human beings. In §1, I survey some of the major historical developments that led to the emergence of the idea of zombies in the mid-1970’s, before discussing David Chalmers’ use of the idea in a modal argument against physicalism. In §2, I turn to the work of one of Chalmers’ most prominent opponents, Daniel Dennett, whose rejection of the conceivability of zombies is informed by the scientifically-minded approach to consciousness that he advocates. Despite avowing his influence, I argue in §§3 and 4 that Dennett’s externalist approach to consciousness diverges sharply from that taken by Wittgenstein
Drivers Fail to Calibrate to Optic Flow Speed Changes During Automated Driving
Get PDFThe human perceptual-motor system remains well-calibrated during manual driving supporting successful steering despite changing conditions, such as alterations in vehicle speed. Automated vehicles may interrupt perceptual-motor calibration so that when a driver takes-over control they will not be prepared for the driving conditions. Optic flow is a powerful source of visual information for calibrating to speed changes during manual steering, but it is currently unclear whether humans are sensitive to changes in optic flow speed when they are not in active control of the vehicle (i.e. by relying upon vision alone). Here we used a driving simulator to examine sensitivity to changes in optic flow speed across active (manual steering) and passive (automated steering) modes of control. Optic flow speed was altered independent of vehicle speed. The mismatch between perceived speed and actual speed causes a well-calibrated motor system to be reliably biased. Drivers were asked to take-over manual steering control after a short (~10 s) period of automation. Results showed that manual steering was not biased when flow speed was manipulated only in the automated period. One interpretation is that drivers had trouble recalibrating to optic flow changes that occurred during automated driving. If so, this suggests that there will exist a period where the perceptual-motor system is miscalibrated in the early stages of take-over after automated vehicle control
The Effects of Chewing Gum on the Driving Performance of Emergency Medicine Residents After Overnight Shift Work
Get PDFThis is a comparison study evaluating the influence of chewing gum on driving performance by computer simulation in emergency medicine residents doing overnight shift work. A total of eleven subjects were tested. Four simulations were randomized to each test subject at different points in the study. Data was analyzed comparing pre- and post-shift tests for each study group, as well as chewing gum versus non-chewing gum use during testing. Results showed no significant difference in lateral deviation, described as the root mean squared of lane departure measured in feet, or braking reaction time, defined as the time to break measured in seconds when triggered by a predetermined cue, in those using gum versus no gum. Between- and within-group differences were assessed by split-plot analysis measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our study showed statistical significance in that divided attention response time, designated as the time in seconds to perform a secondary task while driving, was longer in those driving with chewing gum versus without chewing gum (p \u3c 0.05). This pilot study serves as a potential foundation for further investigation into augmenting the driving performance of emergency medicine residents performing overnight shift work with chewing gum use
Effects of Inaccurate Gaze Behavior on Young Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation
Get PDFA previous study (Yamani et al., 2018) demonstrated that the administration of expert eye movement videos following hazard anticipation training can improve the proportion of latent hazards anticipated by young drivers compared to control conditions. The current driving simulator study sought to examine whether the improvements observed in the previous study were merely due to drivers’ exposure to videos of the simulated driving scenarios with expert eye movement overlays immediately prior to evaluation, or whether modeling the accuracy of eye movement behavior can lead participants to internalize hazard anticipation skills more effectively. In a between-subject design, 36 drivers (18-21 years) were assigned to one of three experimental conditions – training only, training plus expert eye movements or training plus novice eye movements. All participants navigated four unique driving scenarios, each with their eye movements tracked and recorded. Analyses of the eye movement data showed that young drivers who saw the expert eye movement (accurate) videos immediately following training anticipated a substantially greater proportion of latent hazards compared to the young drivers that saw novice eye movement (inaccurate) videos following training. The data provide some evidence that drivers were able to successfully map and incorporate correct hazard anticipation glance behavior into their mental models. The findings present some implications for the design and evaluation of eye movement-based training interventions