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Effects of Voluntary Handheld vs. Speech-Based Text Entry on Driving Performance in (Un)Predictable Critical Situations
Get PDFIt is often suggested that speech-based entry systems for text messages might provide a solution for the safety problems that arise because of handheld texting. However, although such systems have the advantage of allowing drivers to keep their eyes on the road, there is still a considerable portion of cognitive load associated with texting, which might impair the processing of relevant information. At the same time, drivers do not tend to text always and everywhere, but rather only in situations, they consider “suitable”. The selection of relevant test scenarios, and the free choice to (not) text in these scenarios are key aspects in the investigation of the effects of texting that have often been neglected. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the consequences of voluntary visual-manual and speech-based text messaging on reaction time and crashes in critical situations that might or might not be anticipated with the help of an environmental cue. We conducted a driving simulator study in which at one point, a child crossed the road, sometimes preceded by a ball rolling across, sometimes not. Participants (82, three groups: handheld writing, speech-based entry, control group) were free to (not) engage in a texting task while driving. While the pre-information had a positive impact on brake reaction time, there were no significant differences between the different groups in either crash rate or brake reaction time. The results highlight the role the design of test scenarios plays for the effects of texting on driving performance
Autonomous Vehicle Interactions with Other Road Users: Conflicts and Resolutions
Get PDFAs autonomous vehicles, or AVs, enter the market, other road users will need to interact with them in an effective manner. Currently, in manuallydriven cars, the effectiveness of this interaction is based on the rules of the road that define priorities as well as ad-hoc negotiations to resolve conflicts. To formalize the conflict issue, we introduce the concept of legal zones showing how the road space can be described as graph of these zones. We also introduce the concept of operational regions around a vehicle which must not be infringed upon by others (to avoid safety conflicts). Using these two concepts we show how it is possible to consider new rules for the management of conflict in AV operations. We first briefly describe a new protocol for lane changes and then focus our attention on a protocol for managing conflicts in a pedestrian crossing situation
Noelle C. Bowdler, MD
Get PDFDr. Noelle C. Bowdler is a Clinical Professor in the Generalist Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. She received a BA from Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. She completed her MD at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. She completed an Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency at the University of Michigan Affiliated Hospitals. Dr. Bowdler sees patients in the Gynecology Clinic. She received the 2019 Excellence in Quality Award from the University of Iowa Physicians. This award is given to in recognition of outstanding quality of care provided to patients. Recipients will have demonstrated excellence in reportable measures of quality, benchmarked patient outcomes, or improvements in internally measured outcome
Functional Training to Return to Higher Level Activities after Brown Sequard Syndrome: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Brown Sequard Syndrome is a rare form of incomplete spinal cord injury resulting from a lateral hemi section of the spinal cord. This disorder is most well-known for its unique presentation of loss of motor control and fine touch ipsilaterally to the lesion, and temperature and pain sense contralaterally. Patients rehabilitating from Brown Sequard Syndrome have an excellent potential for functional recovery. However, there is a limited quantity of literature concerning the role of outpatient physical therapy in helping patients regain their prior level of function. The purpose of this case report is to outline the clinical decision-making process in the later stages of recovery with the intention of helping a patient achieve their individualized goals in an outpatient physical therapy setting. Case Description: The patient is a 69-year-old male who was diagnosed with Brown Sequard Syndrome after waking up in the middle of the night with numbness, tingling, and a loss of motor control. He underwent extensive therapy in both inpatient and outpatient therapy setting to return to safely ambulating around obstacles and playing golf. Outcomes: Manual muscle tests, the Dynamic Gait Index, and Berg Balance Scale were used to evaluate the patient’s progress along with qualitative observations and subjective reports. Discussion: Over the course of 13 months the patient was able to return to his prior level of function and achieve his personal and physical therapy goals. During this time, he underwent individualized interventions aimed at addressing the interaction between his impairments and activity limitations in a safe and progressive manner. This case provides information on potential strategies to progress patients recovering from Brown Sequard Syndrome and contributes to the current understanding of the expected recovery of functional skills in this patient population
Modified LSVT BIG Treatment for a Patient with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Frequent falls, progressive postural instability, and gait abnormalities are common functional impairments in patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). PSP can initially present like Parkinson’s Disease (PD), but these patients will show signs of progressing symptoms and poor response to dopaminergic therapy. Physical therapy treatment for patients with PSP is largely understudied and there is no known effective pharmacotherapy. Thus, the purpose of this case study is to describe the short-term outcomes of a modified LSVT BIG program for a patient with PSP. Case Description: A 69-year old male, with a recent diagnosis of PSP, was treated in a hospital-based outpatient facility. The patient and his wife were seeking treatment to assist with gait and postural instability, frequent falls, and impairments in bed mobility and cervical range of motion. Intervention: Treatment sessions consisted of postural and strengthening exercises, functional movement exercises, and balance exercises, with an emphasis on large-amplitude movements, adapted from the LSVT BIG program regimen. The patient was instructed in a home program that emphasized large-amplitude movements and stretches in a safe environment. Outcome Measures: The Functional Gait Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, and the 6-Minute Walk Test were assessed to objectively measure the patient’s response to physical therapy interventions to improve or maintain his prior level of function in spite of the progressive nature of his diagnosis. Discussion: There is a need for more evidence-based research to assist clinicians with symptomatic treatment of patients with PSP. Due to the symptom progression in PSP, interventions, education, and goals should be focused on maintaining the patient’s quality of life and mobility status with strategies to minimize fall risk and increase patient and caregiver safety
Using a Symptom-Based Approach to Gait Progression in a Patient with Lateral Medullary Syndrome: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Descriptions of treatments are sparsely cited in the literature when using a symptom-based approach to physical therapy after a lateral medullary stroke. However, there are many treatment options available for gait progression in the inpatient rehabilitation setting whether the patient is having a good or bad day (referring to symptoms). Case Description: The patient was a 53-year old male who suffered posterior circulation strokes (later named Lateral Medullary Syndrome) and had a 30-day stay on an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Outcome Measures: FIM scores were used to evaluate progress from initial evaluation to discharge. Daily subjective reports were also used to monitor and direct treatments. Discussion: Many interventions may be utilized in the inpatient rehabilitation setting to address gait along with other functional activities. A patient’s rehabilitation journey following lateral medullary syndrome is their own and should not be compared too closely to another’s. Post-stroke physical rehabilitation is not a linear progression, and requires flexibility in treatment decision making, often daily
MERRILY
No full textIn this image the two characters give simultaneous monologues and the images and experiences they describe can be seen projected behind them, building and abstracting the images as they overlay and become confused in the speech being heard.https://ir.uiowa.edu/costume_design/1156/thumbnail.jp
POLARIS: An Expansion Tragedy Pack
No full textAnother eidetic memory, this time of the kitchen. Half of a chair magically stands on fragments of a wooden floor. On the chair is a toy astronaut.https://ir.uiowa.edu/scenic_design/1110/thumbnail.jp
Sweat: Paint Elevation
No full textCreated in VectorWorks and Photoshop, this is a paint elevation for walls A and G. Wood paneling treatment is detailed along with door and hallway wall texture.https://ir.uiowa.edu/scenic_design/1107/thumbnail.jp