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Nikita Khrushchev\u27s Journey into America
Get PDFReview of: Nikita Khrushchev’s Journey into America, by Lawrence J. Nelson and Matthew G. Shoenbachler
A Life on the Middle West\u27s Never-Ending Frontier
Get PDFReview of: A Life on the Middle West’s Never-Ending Frontier, by Willard L. “Sandy” Boyd
Such Anxious Hours: Wisconsin Women\u27s Voices from the Civil War
No full textReview of: Such Anxious Hours: Wisconsin Women’s Voices from the Civil War, edited by Jo Ann Daly Car
Textiles, Gender, and Materiality: A Response
No full textThis response outlines the predominant current conceptions of gendered materiality in contemporary theory (such as Karen Barad’s development of Judith Butler’s thought) and in medieval studies (such as work by Caroline Walker Bynum). It identifies and expands upon four themes from the two articles in the section that are pertinent to the descriptions of textiles and other material objects in a wider range of medieval texts and current medievalist scholarship: 1) the idea that textiles and other material things can have biographies; 2) the idea that textiles are today (but not necessarily in medieval writing) perceived as connective networks; 3) the ways in which textiles can be compared to texts and used as metaphors for texts; and 4) the importance of (sometimes racialised) shine in the description of textiles. The response demonstrates connections between the English and French texts discussed by authors in the section, and a range of German literature, including Orendel or the Grey Robe, Konrad of Würzburg’s Trojan War, Wirnt of Grafenberg’s Wigalois and Hartmann of Aue’s Erec
Maternal inflammatory bowel disease, racial diversity and adverse birth outcomes
Get PDFBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe two conditions, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), that currently have no definite cure. The incidence of IBD worldwide has increased, frequently affecting women during their reproductive years.
Objectives: This study examines the association of Crohn\u27s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) with adverse pregnancy outcomes and looks at the interactions of race/ethnicity on these associations.
Study Design: We examined hospital birth records in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data sets in 2011 and 2012. We identified maternal demographics and clinical characteristics using international classification of disease-9 codes. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to examine associations and logistic regression models were used to control for confounders.
Results: Crohn\u27s disease is associated with small for gestational age, aOR 1.70(CI:1.53-1.89,p\u3c0.001) but not premature delivery, whereas UC was associated with prematurity, aOR 1.5(CI:1.36-1.66,p\u3c0.001) to a greater extent than with SGA. Analyses by race/ethnicity showed Crohn’s disease to be associated with SGA among newborns of all racial groups, but most evident among African Americans, aOR 2.55(CI:2.06-3.15,p\u3c.001). Crohn’s disease was associated with prematurity only in Caucasian women, aOR 1.21(CI:1.10-1.34,p\u3c.001). UC was associated with SGA newborns only in Hispanic mothers, aOR 3.40(CI:2.24-5.15,p\u3c0.001), and with premature delivery only among Caucasian mothers, aOR 1.60(CI:1.42-1.80,p\u3c.001).
Conclusion: Both Crohn\u27s disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with prematurity and small for gestational age in a way that is significantly affected by maternal race. Qualitative studies are needed to understand mechanisms for these associations and the role of race/ethnicity
Diagnosis of uterine torsion during cesarean section: a case series
Get PDFPartial rotation of the uterus up to 45 degrees is a common physiological finding during pregnancy whereas uterine torsion is pathologic and defined as rotation greater than 45 degrees. Torsion of up to 720 degrees has been reported; with most cases occurring between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. While uterine torsion in pregnancy requires emergent intervention, the incidence is unknown. Most cases of uterine torsion are diagnosed intra-operatively at emergent cesarean section following non-specific clinical presentation, such as fetal heart rate decelerations or bradycardia, severe abdominal pain, hypotension, or vaginal bleeding. In this case series, we report on two cases of one woman with gravid uterine levorotation of 180 degrees and another with gravid uterine dextrorotation of 180 degrees
Effects after use of laser therapy for vulvovaginal atrophy in a patient with lichen sclerosus: a case report
Get PDFObjective: Use of laser therapy has most recently been introduced as a non-invasive option for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Recent literature has shown promise in providing benefit for patients with symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and stress urinary incontinence with minimal adverse effects. Despite this, the United States Food and Drug Administration has not cleared laser therapy for these specific indications given the lack of sufficient evidence to support safety and efficacy.
A case is presented of a patient with GSM in the setting of lichen sclerosus who was referred to a tertiary vulvovaginal disease clinic after worsening of symptoms after three laser therapy treatments. Patient data is protected by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.
The case presented demonstrates initial worsening of symptoms after treatment with laser therapy, with initial exam findings showing atrophic vaginitis, marked introital narrowing, partial phimosis of the clitoral hood, and fusion of the labia minor and majora. The patient ultimately had complete resolution of post-laser therapy symptoms by one year after initial presentation. The case findings and follow-up are presented.
Conclusions: Despite case series and studies in the literature showing promise of the use of laser therapy for GSM and urinary incontinence, laser therapy is not currently FDA-approved for these indications. Large scale, long-term prospective randomized controlled data is necessary to provide data on the safety, efficacy, indications, and appropriate candidates for laser therapy
Patriarchy and Gender Law in Ancient Rome and Colonial America
Get PDFRoman Antiquity and Colonial America shared much in common regarding limits on women’s legal rights and the role of gender in law. Gendered stereotypes regarding women’s ability and place in society are reflected in the patria potestas and manus of Ancient Roman law, as well as through the patriarchal and pious Puritan laws of New England society during the American Colonial period. Both male-dominated social and legal systems were based on the notion of women’s innate inferiority and female submission to male authority. Gender expectations and biases are also present, not only in family law, but also in law governing sexual behavior and partnerships. While Roman law punishes sodomy and male same-sex relationships on the grounds of contradicting the concept of the pater familias, Puritan New England relied on Christian morals and religious teachings to govern their sodomy laws. However, such gender disparities in the law are also subject to social status and race, leading men who did not reflect the respective society’s preferable identity to face harsher punishments as a result. Regarding the concept of gender and male superiority, family law and the societal expectations that both shaped and were shaped by such laws reflect an ever-present patriarchal structure throughout the Early American and Ancient Roman legal systems. The gendered attitudes toward marriage, rape, sex, and consent in both Roman and Early American society are reflected in the laws that governed the lives of women and gender non-conforming minorities in both societies
Hostile Heartland: Racism, Repression, and Resistance in the Midwest
No full textReview of: Hostile Heartland: Racism, Repression, and Resistance in the Midwest, Brent M.S. Campne