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Sarah A. Shaffer, DO, MME
Full text linkSarah A. Shaffer, DO, MME.
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Clinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology-General Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship Director - Obstetrics & Gynecology. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iow
Man, Myth, Legend: The Many Faces of Thomas More
Full text linkIn the centuries after his death, the perceptions of Sir Thomas More have changed over 500 years. In works spanning from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century, the perception of More have shifted from ones of overwhelming praise to increasingly critical of his actions. This thesis seeks to explore how the perceptions of More have changed over time, especially within the 1980s due to new scholarship and new ways of interpreting More’s character. Events within the twentieth century, which include the canonization of Thomas More as a saint in 1935, the creation of the peer-reviewed journal Moreana in 1963, and the creation of the St. Thomas More Project at Yale in 1958, caused an explosion of works about More as well as new views on him. This thesis will then explore views on Thomas More that took place before the events mentioned previously, with biographies and fictional works about the man. Then the work will explore the lasting effects his canonization, the project at Yale, and the creation of the Moreana had on scholarship about Thomas More. Lastly, works published in the 1980s will be examined that shed a critical light and new point of view on More’s character. I believe the study of Thomas More has changed over time due to scholars taking a closer look at his life and works and realizing the works about him by close friends and family provided a biased point of view, making it difficult to discern who the “real” Thomas More really was
My Ladys Soul : The Successes of Elizabeth Siddal & Jane Morris, & the Rise of the Pre-Raphaelite Sisterhood
Full text linkThis thesis demonstrates that Elizabeth Siddal and Jane Morris, two muses of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, used their creative talent, writing, and direct and indirect actions to combat the Victorian notions held by the Brotherhood and inspire other female artists. The Brotherhood was begun in England in 1848, with aspiring artists Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman-Hunt, John Everett Millais, and four others redirecting their output against the teachings of the British Royal Academy. Rather than upholding the High Renaissance artist Raphael as the ultimate painter and role model, Rossetti and his cohorts set out to prove the Academy wrong, basing their art on what came before Raphael, using ballads, poems, murals, and more as a source of inspiration. Despite receiving praise for paintings like Ophelia (1852) and Bocca Baciata (1859), the men conformed to the patriarchal society of their day, presenting beautiful faces that were impassive and in need of rescue. This same dynamic came to life within the Brotherhood’s studios, with their models being considered damsels in distress while the male artists donned the role of knight in shining armor. Initially models to Rossetti, Holman-Hunt, and Millais, Siddal and Morris took it upon themselves to break out of the mold of Victorian muse through paint, pen, and needle. This thesis contends that Siddal and Morris demonstrated their own agency through their art and words, recruiting other women within their community to create the PreRaphaelite Sisterhood. In drawings like The Lady of Shalott (1853) and poems like “True Love,” Siddal would insert a female-driven narrative into the Pre-Raphaelite sphere while Morris, in presenting embroideries like The Homestead and the Forest quilt (1890) and private letters, would circumvent the idea that only the Brotherhood could be artistically successful. Overall, both women redefined themselves and what it meant to be a Pre-Raphaelite
Big Data, Congress, and the Rhetoric of Technology: Or, How to Industrialize Cyberspace
Full text linkAs new and developing technologies impact public and private life, rhetoricians would be remiss to overlook the deliberative rhetorics that justify their development, implementation, use-value, and impact. Using the 2013 joint congressional hearing “Next Generation Computing and Big Data Analytics” as an example, I argue that justificatory rhetorics about technology intersect with rhetoric from technology, obscuring information vital to critical deliberation. I demonstrate that the expert witnesses at this hearing draw upon rhetoric traditionally associated with American industrialization. Doing so allows them to articulate Big Data as a resource situated upon a metaphorical, American landscape and thus encourages the public to treat it as a natural resource that must be exploited for the betterment of the nation. Ultimately, I argue the use of this rhetoric dissuades critical analysis of the worth of Big Data and investigation of its technical aspects. This raises troubling questions about the ability of rhetoric about technology to both veil and guides what the public accepts as ethical rhetoric from technology
Menstrual Poverty and Stigma in the United States
Full text linkMenstrual poverty is a rarely researched in the United States, but it affects the lives of many individuals. Menstrual poverty is when women and individuals who menstruate are unable to afford products for their menstruation. My research highlights the ways in which students at the University of Iowa have experienced menstrual poverty and stigma, and the ways in which the secrecy of this topic prohibit change. An online survey was conducted with 185 students from the University of Iowa who have experienced menstruation. Interviews were conducted with four of these students, as well as two menstrual poverty nonprofit employees. Through using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this research was able to show the scope of the problem, and the many barriers impacting possible solutions. Improved access to menstrual products is vital to the health and success of women and individuals who menstruate and must become a well-known issue that deserves to be addressed on a national level
Saving the First for Last: The Effect of Order of Sharing Positive Information on Happiness
Full text linkPositive information sharing has positive effects on well being, and withholding the consumption of pleasurable items would increase the satiation level. Building upon prior research, the current study expanded the understanding of the withholding effect from sharing positive information on individual happiness levels. Specifically, sharing positive information in the reversed order (i.e., sharing with the first person one wants to share with last) will result in an increased level of happiness. Through experimental evidence, this study further shows that Financial, Academic, and Social are the three major types of positive information undergraduates would share; typically, they would share with their family, friends, and spouse. Overall, the research contributes fundamental insights into consumer sharing behavior and general wellbein
Confirmation Bias in Financial Markets: Impact on Trading Behavior
Full text linkThis thesis studies the existence of confirmation bias in financial markets using real trading data and survey results. With this unique data set, I am able to observe whether and how confirmation bias may affect trading behaviors of investors in financial markets. Survey respondents are asked to forecast which one out of six listed firms will achieve the highest return next month. Some respondents were also asked to provide justification when forecasting. The sample used for this experiment comprised of student traders enrolled in a semester-long course who were surveyed prior to company contract trading at the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM).This thesis examines whether forecasting unconsciously altered their trading behavior, resulting in additional confidence towards their initial forecast, which would indicate signs of confirmation bias. I find that traders that forecasted Microsoft to earn the highest return also ended up with higher net aggregate positions in the Microsoft contract, traded at the IEM. This finding is consistent with confirmation bias affecting investment decisions of traders in my sample. The main limitations of this study are the small sample size and differences in the popularity across firms traded at IEM that could bias the main results
