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Constraining natural and anthropogenic disturbances in the delivery of coastal ecosystem services
Full text linkSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Oceanography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2022.Coastal ecosystems provide key services that benefit human wellbeing yet are undergoing rapid degradation due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. This thesis seeks to understand how disturbances impact salt marsh and estuarine ecosystem functioning in order to refine their role in coastal ecosystem service delivery and predict future resilience. Salt marsh survival relative to sealevel rise increasingly relies on the accumulation and preservation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Firstly, I characterized SOC development and turnover in a New England salt marsh and found that salt marsh soils typically store marsh grass-derived compounds that are reworked over centuries-to-millennia. Next, I assessed how two common marsh disturbances – natural ponding and anthropogenic mosquito ditching – affect salt marsh carbon cycling and storage. Salt marsh ponds deepen through soil erosion and decomposition of long-buried marsh peat. Further, the SOC lost during pond development is not fully recouped once drained ponds are revegetated and virtually indistinguishable from the surrounding marsh. Mosquito ditches, which were installed in ~ 90% of New England salt marshes during the Great Depression, did not significantly alter marsh
carbon storage. In Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, a US National Estuary, we tested relationships among measures of estuarine water quality, recreational activity, and local socioeconomic conditions to understand how the benefits of cultural ecosystem services are affected by shifts in water quality associated with global change and anthropogenic activity. Over a 24-year period,
water quality degradation coinciding with increases in Chlorophyll a is associated with declines in fishery abundance and cultural ecosystem service values ($0.08 – 0.67 million USD). In combination, incorporation of both anthropogenic and natural disturbances to coastal ecosystem functioning and service delivery can produce improved estimates of ecosystem service valuation for effective resource decision-making under future climate scenarios.Funding for this work was provided by John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Grant no. 14-106159-000-CFP), National Science Foundation (OCE1233678), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Estuaries Research Reserve Collaborative (NA14OAR4170104 and NA- 14NOS4190145), Woods Hole Sea Grant (NA14OAR4170104), MIT Sea Grant (subaward number 5710004045), Ocean Ventures Fund, the Marine Policy Center Johnson Endowment, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Proximate biochemistry of sponge species collected in 2017 and 2018 across the Caribbean Basin in Curacao, Belize, Grand Cayman, St. Croix
No full textDataset: Biochemistry of spongesProximate biochemistry of sponge species collected in 2017 and 2018 across the Caribbean Basin in Curacao, Belize, Grand Cayman, St. Croix. These data were published in Clayshulte Abraham et al. (2021).
For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/868047NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-163828
Maximum depths of the visual luminoxyscape for four species of marine invertebrate larvae from CalCOFI stations between La Jolla, California to Point Conception between 1984-2019
No full textDataset: Luminoxyscape maximum depthIn this dataset, the maximum depths of the visual luminoxyscape for four species of marine invertebrate larvae were recorded. Data in this study are from CalCOFI stations restricted to an area from La Jolla, California to Point Conception and 215 kilometers maximum offshore (Station 60). We analyzed daytime casts (09:00-16:00) of both discrete bottle data and continuous CTD casts to represent the date range of 1984-2019 and used the oxygen and irradiance measurements to determine the visual luminoxyscape for each of the larval species. This range was bounded by the oxygen (partial pressure) where the pO2 would permit 50% minimum retinal function (V50; 13, 7.2, 10.2, and 6.8 kPa for larvae of 'Doryteuthis opalescens', 'Octopus bimaculatus', 'Metacarcinus gracilis', and 'Pleuroncodes planipes', respectively), and where there is sufficient irradiance for a visual response (0.0311 µmol photons m-2 s-1) for each species. Additionally, oxygen limits for metabolism were used to determine the depth of occurrence of the Pcrit (the oxygen below which the animal cannot maintain a constant metabolic rate). The depths of occurrence for metabolic limits were determined for larvae of 'D. opalescens' and 'O. bimaculatus'.
For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/859867NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-182962
Seawater temperature and salinity of mesocosms and a field location collected while conducting experiments on seagrass in Nahant, Massachusetts
No full textDataset: Seawater Temperature and SalinityThis dataset includes seawater temperature and salinity measurements from mesocosms and from a field location at Curlew Beach. Data were collected as part of a study examining seagrass responses to Labyrinthula zosterae conducted in a greenhouse at Northeastern University Marine Science Center in Nahant, Massachusetts from May to August 2016.
For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/851059NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-165232
Northern ordinance division of FMC corp Dump Division, Alvin parts, small sphere 6061-T6-welding
No full textNorthern ordinance division of FMC corp Dump Division, Alvin parts, small sphere 6061-T6-weldingThe runtime for this video is 05m 31.The items in this collection are embargoed in the system in keeping with copyright requirements. However, they are available to users upon request. Please contact the MBLWHOI Library to access the items at [email protected] of this material was supported by a Recordings at Risk grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning. To learn more, visit www.clir.org and follow CLIR on Facebook and Twitter.2200-01-0
Working on alvin view ports, control panel. General views of alvin
No full textWorking on alvin view ports, control panel. General views of alvinThe runtime for this video is 08m 49.The items in this collection are embargoed in the system in keeping with copyright requirements. However, they are available to users upon request. Please contact the MBLWHOI Library to access the items at [email protected] of this material was supported by a Recordings at Risk grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning. To learn more, visit www.clir.org and follow CLIR on Facebook and Twitter.2200-01-0
Alvin portable battery stand for remoting batteries on land
No full textAlvin portable battery stand for remoting batteries on landThe runtime for this video is 28.The items in this collection are embargoed in the system in keeping with copyright requirements. However, they are available to users upon request. Please contact the MBLWHOI Library to access the items at [email protected] of this material was supported by a Recordings at Risk grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning. To learn more, visit www.clir.org and follow CLIR on Facebook and Twitter.2200-01-0
Sea keeping tests of Alvin
No full textSea keeping tests of AlvinThe runtime for this video is 28.The items in this collection are embargoed in the system in keeping with copyright requirements. However, they are available to users upon request. Please contact the MBLWHOI Library to access the items at [email protected] of this material was supported by a Recordings at Risk grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning. To learn more, visit www.clir.org and follow CLIR on Facebook and Twitter.2200-01-0
Mechanism of progressive broad deformation from oceanic transform valley to off-transform faulting and rifting
Full text link© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, F., Lin, J., Zhou, Z., Yang, H., & Morgan, J. P. Mechanism of progressive broad deformation from oceanic transform valley to off-transform faulting and rifting. Innovation, 3(1), (2022): 100193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100193.Oceanic transform faults (TFs) are commonly viewed as single, narrow strike-slip seismic faults that offset two mid-ocean ridge segments. However, broad zones of complex deformation are ubiquitous at TFs. Here, we propose a new conceptual model for the progressive deformation within broad zones at oceanic TFs through detailed morphological, seismic, and stress analyses. We argue that, under across-transform extension due to a change in plate motion, plate deformation occurs first along high-angle transtensional faults (TTFs) within the transform valleys. Off-transform normal faults (ONFs) form when across-transform deviatoric extensional stresses exceed the yield strength of the adjacent oceanic lithosphere. With further extension, these normal faults can develop into off-transform rift zones (ORZs), some of which can further develop into transform plate boundaries. We illustrate that such progressive complex deformation is an inherent feature of oceanic TFs. The new conceptual model provides a unifying theory to explain the observed broad deformation at global transform systems.We benefited from discussions with Drs. Tao Zhang, Huihui Weng, Yen Joe Tan, the SCSIO Deep Ocean Geodynamics Group, the CUHK Seismology Group, and the participants of the InterRidge transform fault workshop in France, 2018. This work was supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0205), NSFC grants (41976064, 41890813, 41976066, 91628301, and 91858207), CAS grants (Y4SL021001, QYZDY-SSW-DQC005, 133244KYSB20180029, 131551KYSB20200021, and ISEE2021PY03), National Key R&D Program of China grants (2018YFC0309800 and 2018YFC0310105), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021A1515012227), and Hong Kong Research Grant Council grants (14304820 and 14306119)
Alvin underwater, some good scenes showing maneuvers, congratulations on trials
No full textAlvin underwater, some good scenes showing maneuvers, congratulations on trialsThe runtime for this video is 14m 39.The items in this collection are embargoed in the system in keeping with copyright requirements. However, they are available to users upon request. Please contact the MBLWHOI Library to access the items at [email protected] of this material was supported by a Recordings at Risk grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning. To learn more, visit www.clir.org and follow CLIR on Facebook and Twitter.2200-01-0