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Efficiency of the Subirrigation System in Container Seedling Production of Levisticum officinale
No full textLevisticum officinale is a perennial aromatic plant from the Apiaceae family, widely used in
the culinary, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Its leaves, stems, and roots
are utilized as a spice, while its extracts are applied for their antioxidant and diuretic properties.
Essential oil is used in perfumery, and the plant is occasionally added to animal feed. The
demand for L. officinale primarily comes from the food, pharmaceutical, and herbal industries,
and it is particularly sought after in the organic market due to its application in natural
medicines and nutrition. Given these factors, there is a need to improve seedling production
methods. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of containerized seedling
production of L. officinale using a subirrigation system, compared to traditional methods using
transplant trays. The experiment was conducted in April 2024 at the Institute for Medicinal
Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić” in Pančevo, using seeds from its collection. The seeds were
sown in containers equipped with a subirrigation system and in transplant trays using the
misting method, both filled with the commercial substrate “Cultivo I SF.” The containers were
placed in controlled conditions in a tunnel greenhouse with an average daily temperature of
24.5°C and relative humidity of 72%. The containers were equipped with an automatic
subsurface irrigation system, while the transplant trays were fitted with a misting system. Both
systems were programmed to maintain substrate moisture at 70%. The results showed that the
number of emerged seedlings in the subirrigation system was 18% higher, while the seedling
weight was 12% greater, primarily due to enhanced root development. Based on these results,
the use of the subirrigation system for L. officinale seedling production is recommended
The Importance of Secondary Biomolecules in Allelopathy and Weed Control
No full textThe term allelopathy is used to describe chemical interactions between two plants, as well as
chemical communication between plants and microorganisms, plants and insects, and plants
and herbivores. Plants synthesize a large number of secondary biomolecules, which are
subsequently released into the environment through root exudates, evaporation from above
ground parts, or the decomposition of fallen, dead parts. These biomolecules influence the
germination, growth, and development of surrounding plants by affecting their photosynthesis,
respiration, water and hormonal balance, enzyme activity, as well as the structure and
permeability of cell membranes. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of
secondary biomolecules in allelopathic relationships, particularly in weed control.
Allelochemicals are classified into water-soluble organic acids, unbranched alcohols, aliphatic
aldehydes and ketones, simple lactones, long-chain fatty acids and polyacetylenes,
benzoquinones, anthraquinones and complex quinones, phenols, cinnamic acid and its
derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids (sesquiterpene lactones,
diterpenes, and triterpenes). Among these, phenolic acids play a leading role in allelopathy
compared to other classes of compounds. In weed control strategies, allelopathy can serve as a
key component, representing a significant step in developing sustainable farming systems with
reduced reliance on synthetic herbicides. Allelopathic substances isolated from plants that
exhibit inhibitory effects on seed germination and weed growth include isothiocyanates from
radish, sorgoleone from sorghum, momilactone from rice and moss, artemisinin from
wormwood, sarmentine from pepper, essential oils from eucalyptus, and aqueous extracts from
sunflower. By applying natural herbicides derived from plants, soil fertility and
microbiological activity are preserved and protected
Myofibrillar protein gel incorporated with soybean dietary fiber and sodium substitutes: Synergetic effect on gel properties and in vitro gastric digestion
No full textThis study investigated the effect of sodium substitutes and soybean dietary fiber (SDF) on the gel properties and in vitro gastric digestion characteristics of myofibrillar protein (MP). Incorporation of sodium substitutes and SDF increased gel strength, particularly in gels with KCl. In contrast, CaCl2 and MgCl2 increased MP gel cooking loss, and SDF reduced this loss and improved water retention. CaCl2 and MgCl2 caused uniform microstructure of MP, and SDF led to a denser structure. Structural enhancements induced by SDF, such as stronger molecular interactions, denser gel structure and higher acid-buffering capacity of MP gel, decreased the pepsin diffusion rate and reduced protein hydrolysis. Notably, KCl combined with 3.0 % SDF further reduced the pepsin diffusion rate to 43.65 μm2/s. Overall, the combination of sodium substitutes with SDF enhanced MP gel properties, retarded gastric acid diffusion, and retarded pepsin diffusion, resulting in lower hydrolysis degrees and larger molecular weight digestion products
Утицај начина производње на садржај протеина у семену кукуруза и соје
No full textПротеини у семену играју кључну улогу у процесима клијања и почетног раста, обезбеђујући есенцијалне аминокиселине и енергију неопходну за развој ембриона. Циљ овe студије био је да испитају потенцијалне разлике у садржају протеина у семену кукуруза и соје из органске и конвенционалне производње, као и утицај теста убрзаног старења на садржај протеина. Испитивања су спроведена на сорти кукуруза „Руменка“ и сорти соје „Каћа“, произведеним у периоду 2015–2017. године на огледним пољима Института за кукуруз „Земун Поље“ и Института за ратарство и повртарство у Новом Саду. Садржај укупних протеина одређен је методом AOAC бр. 960.52 и изражен у g/100g суве материје. Тест убрзаног старења подразумевао је третман семена на 41°C и 100% влажности у трајању од 72 сата. У кукурузу, садржај протеина кретао се у опсегу 9,25–10,9 g/100g, при чему су екстремне вредности забележене код конвенционалног кукуруза у различитим сезонама. Органски кукуруз је имао статистички значајно виши садржај протеина 2016. године, док је у 2017. предност имала конвенционална варијанта. Тест убрзаног старења није довео до значајних промена у садржају протеина. Код соје, садржај укупних протеина био је знатно виши и кретао се у интервалу од 35 до 42,5 g/100g с.м.. У сезони 2016. органска соја је показала статистички значајно виши садржај протеина у односу на конвенционалну, док је у 2017. години та разлика изостала, као и након теста убрзаног старења. Резултати указују на то да сезонски и производни услови утичу на садржај протеина у семену, али без јасне предности једног система производње
Pasulj u Srbiji: Proizvodni potencijal i izazovi u poslednjoj deceniji
No full textПроизводња пасуља (Phaseolus vulgaris), укључујући суви и зелени пасуљ, представља важан сегмент српске пољопривреде. Циљ овог рада био је да анализира трендове у производњи и приносима пасуља у Србији током периода од 2015. до 2025. године. У истраживању су коришћени секундарни подаци преузети из базе ФАОСТАТ, који су статистички обрађени методама дескриптивне анализе, анализе варијабилности приноса и тренда кретања производње. Такође је урађена компаративна анализа између појединачних година како би се утврдиле осцилације изазване климатским и економским факторима. Резултати показују да је годишња производња у 2022. износила око 399.000 тона, што је пад од 26 % у односу на рекордну 2021. годину (540.000 тона). Просечни принос сувог пасуља достигао је 1,9 t/hа у 2021, док је у 2022. износио 1,8 t/hа. У посматраном периоду зелени пасуљ бележи стабилан принос од 1,8 t/hа, уз благе годишње осцилације. Највеће флуктуације забележене су током сушних година, што указује на потребу за отпорнијим сортама и унапређеним технологијама производње. Закључено је да су трендови релативно стабилни, али осетљиви на климатске промене и економске притиске. Препоручује се унапређење агротехничких мера, већа улагања у селекцију и ширење система за наводњавање. Интегрисани приступ производњи пасуља може допринети одрживој стабилизацији и повећању приноса у будућности
Pathogenic characteristics of Berkeleyomyces basicola Causing Black Root Rot of Carrot
No full textThe pathogenic soilborne and postharvest fungus Berkeleyomyces basicola, as newly reported pathogen in Serbia, caused significant disease symptoms on carrot roots and seedlings in inoculation assays. In October 2023, machine-washed and cold-stored carrot roots showed symptoms of black rot of patches and abundant sporulation. The influence of the postharvest treatment of machine washing was confirmed by additional sampling at the production site. The collected roots were machine or manually washed, and stored under similar conditions as during shelf life (cold storage followed by incubation at room temperature). The machine-washed roots had a much higher disease incidence than the manually washed roots (75% and 15%, respectively). From all samples, only uniform Berkeleyomyces-like, dark grey colonies were obtained. Morphology and multilocus phylogeny (based on ITS, LSU and MCM7) confirmed the presence of Berkeleyomyces basicola. Koch’s postulates were confirmed after artificial inoculations of carrot roots using spraying or injecting spore suspension or inserting colony fragments, and symptoms developed on both wounded and non-wounded roots seven days after inoculation. Pathogenicity tests on wounded and non-wounded carrot seedlings by spraying or watering with spore suspension or placing colony fragments next to root neck, showed that B. basicola can infect and sporulate only wounded carrot seedlings. The ability of B. basicola to infect carrot seedlings had not been tested previously, and our results suggest that carrot could be infected earlier than postharvest, as previously believed. In 2024, a follow-up survey of fresh market, symptomatic carrot roots confirmed continuous presence of B. basicola in Serbia
Effects of different types of cytoplasm on genetic divergence of the studied maize inbred lines
No full textThe objective of the present study was to conduct the cluster analysis of 12 (twelve) maize inbred
lines with different types of cytoplasm (cms-C, cms-S and fertile). The trial with inbred lines was
set up and carried out in two locations during 2022 and 2023. Similarities of parental components
were determined by the application of the hierarchical cluster analysis using NTSYS-pc version
2.1. This method provides the accurate determination of the degree of relatedness and divergence
within the germplasm collection of maize inbred lines. Genotypes that were genetically close were
grouped within each cluster, while the clusters differed from each other. Dendrograms,
representing hierarchical associations, were created to show similarities and differences among
analysed genotypes. New genotypes or groups were added to the initial group, creating a higher
group until the final stage when they were all connected into one complete group, i.e. dendrogram.
Groups, individually for each type of cytoplasm, were separated on the obtained dendrograms.
Created dendrograms showed that there were differences among inbred lines in grouping in the
heterotic groups. The greatest divergence among observed inbred lines was recorded in the inbred
line L10, which was probably due to effects of different types of male sterile cytoplasm. The
organisation/grouping of germplasm into genetically divergent groups is of crucial importance for
the optimal use of the phenomenon of heterosis. This is particularly important for the development
of hybrid varieties, in which defining and utilisation of heterosis is important for the final outcome
of breeding
The effect of biopesticides on tomato yield and quality
No full textBiopesticides are increasingly being used for plant protection as natural and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the research was to examine the impact of the Bacillus spp. and calendula extract on tomato yield (fresh weight of fruits) and fruit quality (content of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, lycopene and carotenoids). The experiment was carried out during the 2024 growing season in the field conditions using tomato cultivar for processing (SP-109). The experiment was laid out in a random block system, with four replications. Five treatments were applied three times during the vegetable season (T1 - Bacillus spp. isolate 1, T2 - Bacillus spp. isolate 2, T3 - Calendula extract, T4 - Fungicide, T5 - Control). Results showed that T1 treatment significantly increased yield per plant (593 g) compared to treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 (466.5 g, 509.4 g, 420.3 g and 525.2 g). Also, the T1 treatment had a significant impact on fruit quality, since vitamin C content in the fruits was increased (from 33.5% to 213.6%) compared to others treatments. The content of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced in all treatments compared to control treatment, while the lycopene and carotenoids were similar in all treatments. Results of this investigation indicate that the application of biological agents, specifically selected Bacillus spp. isolate 1 (T1), can have effects comparable to fungicides (even better), as evidenced by the achieved tomato yield and fruit quality, while calendula extract had no effect on tomato yield and quality
Ispitivanje mehaničkih svojstava dvoslojnog filma bakterijska nanoceluloza/poliviniliden fluorid
No full textAbstract
Considering that biodegradable materials are still failing to meet a wide range of functional requirements previously fulfilled by synthetic polymers, one of the ways to overcome that problem is increased share of biodegradable layers in the multilayer packaging materials. Double-layer films, containing biodegradable bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) layer and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer have been prepared as a step towards a reduced share of traditional packaging plastics. Mechanical properties of double-layer films depending on the thickness of the PVDF layer have been investigated and presented in this study.
Izvod
Savremeni biorazgradivi materijali još uvek po svojim karakteristikama i svojstvima ne mogu zameniti tradicionalne sintetičke polimerne materijale koji se koriste u ambalažnoj industriji. Jedan od načina da se smanji udeo plastične ambalaže i poveća udeo biodegradabilne jeste primena višeslojnih polimernih materijala sa što veći udelom biorazgradivih slojeva u sastavu finalnog materijala. Dvoslojni filmovi sa slojem bakterijske nanoceluloze (BNC) i poliviniliden fluorida (PVDF) su napravljeni kao potencijalna alternativa sintetičkoj polimernoj ambalaži. U ovom radu su ispitana mehanička svojstva dvoslojnih filmova u zavisnosti od debljine PVDF sloja.Savremeni biorazgradivi materijali još uvek po svojim karakteristikama i svojstvima ne mogu zameniti tradicionalne sintetičke polimerne materijale koji se koriste u ambalažnoj industriji. Jedan od načina da se smanji udeo plastične ambalaže i poveća udeo biodegradabilne jeste primena višeslojnih polimernih materijala sa što veći udelom biorazgradivih slojeva u sastavu finalnog materijala. Dvoslojni filmovi sa slojem bakterijske nanoceluloze (BNC) i poliviniliden fluorida (PVDF) su napravljeni kao potencijalna alternativa sintetičkoj polimernoj ambalaži. U ovom radu su ispitana mehanička svojstva dvoslojnih filmova u zavisnosti od debljine PVDF sloja
Komponente fenotipske varijanse i heritabilnost osobina ranog porasta hlebne pšenice pod kontrastnim snabdevanjem vodom
No full textExploring drought-tolerance potential and phenotypic plasticity at
early stages of development in root system architecture could be crucial in regard
to breeding for drought resistance and for selecting wheat ideotypes under climate
change conditions. A total of 11 genotypes from the collection of 101 bread wheat
genotypes, with desirable traits related to increased drought tolerance, were
selected as parents and eight crosses were performed. The genotypes of the P and
F1 generations were grown in hydroponic cultivation under polyethylene glycol
6000-induced osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to assess
components of phenotypic variance and broad-sense heritability of early vigour
traits (nine root and shoot traits) of bread wheat genotypes under induced drought
stress compared to the control, in order to choose appropriate traits for breeding for
drought resistance. The effect of the genotype on the variability of the tested root
traits was higher (46.6%), compared to the tested shoot traits (25.5%), meaning that
the root traits can be taken as a more reliable criterion for selection for drought
tolerance compared to the investigated shoot traits. Broad-sense heritability was
high (> 82%) for most of the tested traits (primary root length, number of seminal
roots, total seminal root length, angle of seminal roots, shoot length, the ratio of
root dry mass to shoot dry mass), with low genotype × environment interaction (<
20% of total variation) and breeding for drought tolerance should be focused on
these traits.Istraživanje potencijala za toleranciju na sušu i fenotipske plastičnosti
arhitekture korenovog sistema u ranim fazama razvoja moglo bi biti ključno u
pogledu oplemenjivanja na otpornost na sušu i za selekciju ideotipova pšenice u
uslovima klimatskih promena. Ukupno 11 genotipova iz kolekcije od 101 genotipa
hlebne pšenice, poreklom iz Srbije i 16 različitih zemalja sveta, sa poželjnim
osobinama u smislu povećane tolerancije na sušu, odabrano je za roditelje i
izvršeno je osam ukrštanja. Genotipovi iz P i F1 generacija gajeni su u
hidroponskoj kultivaciji u osmotskom stresu izazvanom polietilen glikolom 6000.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se procene komponente fenotipske varijanse i
heritabilnosti u širem smislu osobina ranog porasta za devet osobina korena i
izdanka genotipova hlebne pšenice u indukovanom vodnom stresu i u kontrolnim
uslovima, kako bi se izabrale prikladne osobine za oplemenjivanje na otpornost na
sušu. Uticaj genotipa bio je veći na varijabilnost testiranih osobina korena (46,6%),
u poređenju sa testiranim osobinama izdanka (25,5%), što znači da se osobine
korena mogu uzeti kao pouzdaniji kriterijum za selekciju na toleranciju na sušu u
poređenju sa ispitivanim osobinama izdanka. Heritabilnost u širem smislu bila je
visoka (> 82%) za većinu ispitivanih osobina (dužina primarnog korena, broj
seminalnih korenova, ukupna dužina seminalnih korenova, ugao seminalnih
korenova, dužina izdanka, odnos suve mase korena i suve mase izdanka), a malom
interakcijom genotip × sredina (< 20% ukupne varijacije) i oplemenjivanje na
toleranciju na sušu trebalo bi da bude usmereno na ove osobin