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Antimicrobial activity of composite materials from the calciumphosphate group with chitosan
No full textIn this study, the antimicrobial activity of calcium phosphate-based materials was investigated.
The materials that were used were hydroxyapatite (HAp), strontium-doped hydroxyapatite
(SrHAp), and octacalcium phosphate (OCP). All samples were synthesized by wet-chemical
precipitation, and their characterization was performed using FTIR, SEM, and X-ray
diffraction (XRD). In addition, composites of all samples were prepared using commercial
low-molecular-weight chitosan (50–190 kDa) with a high degree of deacetylation (75–85%).
This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of the individual materials and identify
which calcium phosphate materials, in combination with chitosan, exhibit the best
antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial tests were conducted against Salmonella Enteritidis and
Candida albicans. The results showed that pure hydroxyapatite exhibited the most potent
antimicrobial activity against S. Enteritidis, whereas strontium doping reduced this activity. In
contrast, the best activity against C. albicans was observed for OCP, whereas the combination
of SrHAp and chitosan showed the weakest effect. The results indicate that chemical
modification of hydroxyapatite significantly affects its antimicrobial activity, and that
combining it with chitosan can yield composites with excellent antimicrobial properties,
making them potential candidates for the development of various biomaterials
First report of cucumber mosaic virus infecting petroselinum crispum in Serbia
No full textThe Apiaceae family, a large and complex family with about 3820 species distributed throughout the world, includes important leaf and root vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, and parsnip. A number of species are cultivated as aromatic herbs and spices, while certain species have long been used in medicine. It is well-known that this family has been threatened by numerous pathogens, of which more than 30 widespread viruses have been described. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; Cucumovirus CMV, Cucumovirus, Bromoviridae) is one of the most widespread viruses, causing significant agronomic losses in many crops, including over 1,300 plant species from more than 500 genera and 100 families, with a high potential for rapid spread to new hosts. In autumn 2023, during a survey to determine the presence of Apiaceous viruses in Serbia, symptomatic parsley plants with chlorotic spots and line patterns on the leaf surface were observed in the Medvedja locality (district of Rasina). The collected samples were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and CMV was detected in 7 out of 9 tested samples. The presence of CMV in parsley was also confirmed by RT-PCR with specific primers. The amplified product of isolate 4/23 was sequenced using Sanger sequencing method and analyzed by MEGAX software. BLAST search result revealed a 99,52% identity with Polish CMV isolate from host Lonicera caprifolium (EU 191027). The constructed phylogenetic tree showed that the Serbian parsley isolate belongs to CMV subgroup II. In Yugoslavia's former geographical region, CMV's presence was suspected based on symptoms observed on celery plants in the fields. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV on parsley in Serbia
Assessment of multiplied initial wheat seed material for food production application
No full textA B S T R A C T
The comparative evaluation of wheat varieties grown as multiplied initial seed material under uniform agroecological and fertilisation conditions revealed differences in morphophysical, chemical and techno-functional properties relevant for the application in the food industry. The samples analysed included the ‘Galenika’ variety and three introduced varieties (two Swedish and one Russian wheat), each grown on soils of similar quality. The morphological characteristics (ear length, number of ears per head, number of grains per ear, weight of grains per wheat class, number of grains per wheat class and the weight of wheat chaff), chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, starch content, wet gluten and acidity) were evaluated and statistically significant differences were found between the samples. The physical and chemical characterisation of the samples was determined using standardised methods. The highest starch content (64.13%) was found in the Swedish variety, which was associated with a lower protein content. The Russian wheat variety had a lower starch content (59.25 %) and a slightly
higher protein and lipid content. The chemical composition of the samples indicates the potential suitability of these wheat varieties for various food applications (bakery products, pasta, starch-enriched products, etc.), especially where a specific starch protein balance is required for technological and nutritional optimisation. The WHC, OAC and SRC values showed functional and
technological differences between the samples, indicating their suitability for various food applications, especially in bakery. The role of initial seed material in improving the agricultural productivity and functional performance of wheat-based food systems could be of great importance.И З В О Д
Компаративна евалуација сорти пшенице гајених као умножен почетни семенски материјал у истим агроеколошким условима и условима ђубрења показала је разлике у морфофизичким, хемијским и техно-функционалним својствима значајним за примену у прехрамбеној индустрији. Анализирани узорци обухватили су сорту Галеника и три умножене сорте (две шведске и једну руску пшеницу), од којих је свака гајена на земљишту сродног квалитета. Утврђене су морфолошке карактеристике (дужина класа, број класића у класу, број зрна у класу, тежина зрна у класу, број зрна у класићу и маса плевице), хемијски састав (влага, пепео, протеини, липиди, садржај угљених хидрата и скроба, влажни глутен и киселост) са статистички значајним разликама између узорака. Физичка и хемијска карактеризација узорака је утврђена стандардизованим методама. Највећи садржај скроба (64.13%) имала је шведска сорта, што је било повезано са нижим садржајем протеина. Руска сорта пшенице имала је смањен ниво скроба (59.25%) и нешто већи садржај протеина и масти. Хемијски састав узорака указивао је на потенцијалну погодност ових сорти пшенице за различите примене у прехрамбеној индустрији (пекарски производи, тестенине, производи обогаћени скробом итд.), посебно када је потребан специфичан баланс скроба и протеина за технолошку и нутритивну оптимизацију. Вредности КЗВ, КЗУ и СРЦ су показале функционалне и технолошке разлике између узорака, што је указало на потенцијал њихове примене у производњи различитих прехрамбених производа, посебно у пекарству. Улога умноженог семенског материјала у побољшању пољопривредне продуктивности и функционалних перформанси прехрамбених система на бази пшенице могла би бити од значаја
Agro-Residues and Sucrose Alternatives in Confectionery Transformation Towards Glucose Spikes Minimization
No full textApple and beetroot pomace flour (APF and BPF), along with two sweeteners, sucrose and a blend of sucrose substitutes (erythritol, stevia, inulin, and fructose), were simultaneously incorporated into three matrices formulated with agar, pectin, or gelatin as gelling agents. The aim was to produce jelly candies with high content of dietary fiber and dietary phenolics, and reduced energy value. The simultaneous incorporation of sucrose substitutes and pomace flour resulted in decrease of Carb:Fiber and Sugar:Fiber Ratio to extremely low values of 2.7–3.4 and 1.3–1.6 respectively, as well as in Energy:Fiber Ratio decrease to 9.2–12.3 kcal/g DF. Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI), as indicator of antioxidant potential, was calculated by assigning equal weight to Folin–Ciocâlteu, DPPH and FRAP assays applied upon in vitro digestion of 18 formulations of jelly candies. Results obtained for formulations with and without sucrose, as well as with and without APF or BPF, enabled insight into effects of pomace flour addition and sucrose substitution in each gelling matrix on functional properties. The incorporation and the substitution impact on postprandial glucose response were followed in vivo. Their superimposing resulted in glycemic index below 30 and low glycemic load. Efficiency of applied approach in functionalization of confectionery burden with energy and minimization of glucose spike represent an example of agro-residues re-introduction with the highest potential contribution to anti-obesity strategy
Monitoring the influence of foliar calcium amplifiers on the chemical, composition of ‘Dora’ pepper
No full textThis research used calcium amplifiers of soil properties, which have a natural origin and are ecological products. They can also be used for plant foliar nutrition due to the presence of a high content of calcium and magnesium. This research aimed to determine their influence on the chemical composition of sweet peppers. The material for the work was the sweet pepper variety ‘Dora’ which is recognized for their high yield, and fruit quality.
In the Strumica region, North Macedonia, the field crop experiment was set in the protected spaces of 300 m2. The experimental design was employed with two pepper varieties (first factor) and three types of fertilization (second factor), along with untreated control. The variants in the experiment were: 1. Control (untreated); 2. Zeofit forte (SiO2 15%, CaO 35%, MgO 7%, P2O5 0.04%, K2O 0.63%, MnO 0.043%, Fe2O3 4.70%) – 3 g/L; 3. Zeofit forte (SiO2 15%, CaO 35%, MgO 7%, P2O5 0.04%, K2O 0.63%, MnO 0.043%, Fe2O3 4.70%) – 5 g/L; 4. Zeofit plus (SiO2 25%, CaO 21%; MgO 13%; K2O 1.1%; Fe2O3 2.0%) – 3 g/L; 5. Zeofit plus (SiO2 25%, CaO 21%; MgO 13%; K 1.1%; Fe2O3 2.0%) – 3 g/L.
Each variant was treated with tasted foliar fertilizer in concentrations of 3 g/L and 5 g/L solution. Foliar fertilization had a positive influence on the content of the examined parameters in pepper fruits. In all variants, the analyzed parameters gave better results compared to the untreated control variant. The highest (p<0.05) content of dry matter (14.80%), the highest content of mineral matter (0.90%), and the highest content of vitamin C (122.20 mg/100g) were determined in the pepper fruits in variant 2. The highest (p<0.05) average content of nitrogen (1.37%), phosphorus (0.62%), potassium (2.25%) and calcium (1.50%) was determined in the pepper fruits in the variant 2. The highest (p<0.05) content of magnesium (0.38%) was determined in the pepper fruits in the variant 4
Pharmacological and biochemical activity of plant polyphenols.
No full textThe results of conducted scientific studies indicate the
pharmacological and biochemical potential of plant polyphenols and their
importance for human health. Thanks to their pronounced pharmacological and
biochemical activity, plant polyphenols enable the prevention of chronic
pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and
other diseases
Differentially Colored Photoselective Nets as a Sophisticated Approach to Improve the Agronomic and Fruit Quality Traits of Potted Blueberries
No full textThe usage of photoselective anti-hail nets is a modern approach to protect crops
from adverse climatic factors with additional beneficial effects on orchard performance.
Therefore, this study explored the impact of photoselective nets (blue, red, pearl, and yellow
net) and the black net on the microclimate, plant growth, yield, ripening time, and fruit
quality attributes of the blueberry cultivar ‘Duke’. The Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density
values were elevated under the pearl and yellow nets in both years studied. Average
daily air temperatures did not differ between the nets in 2022, while a slight decrease
was registered under the black net in 2023. The red net enhanced the average number of younger and total number of shoots per bush and also caused a notable increase in the fruit
number and yield per bush, as well as fruit weight, compared to the other tested nets. The
pearl net accelerated the onset of ripening in both years studied, while the blue and yellow
net delayed ripening in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The blue net was distinguished by
the increased blueness of fruit skin and total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, while
individual sugar types and organic acids were more influenced by the season. The findings
indicate that the red net performed the best in terms of most agronomic and biometrical
fruit traits of the potted highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Duke’
Classification of the soils of river island micro-depressions (Great War Island, Serbia)
No full textGreat War Island (GWI) is a river island formed at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, heavily exposed to groundwater and flooding and is therefore suitable as a case study for the investigation of hydromorphic soils. The aim of this study was to classify the soils in two different micro-depression on Great War Island according to the local (Škorić 1985) and international (WRB 2022 and USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999) systems, with particular attention to the soil-forming factors that influenced the classification of the soils. The results obtained could help to improve the existing local classification system or to create a new system in the future. The soil of the closed (less flooded) micro-depression is Eugley, Hipogley, Mineral, Calcareous (Škorić 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Gleysol (Loamic, Humic) (WRB 2022). The soil of the micro-depression open to the Danube (more flooded) is Humogley, Calcareous, Weakly alkalized, Loamy (Škorić 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Mollic Tidalic Gleysol (Loamic, Fluvi-Loaminovic) (WRB 2022). The both soils are Typic Endoaquolls (USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999). The high level and amplitude of the groundwater and the duration of the flood caused by the topography, as well as the texture of the alluvial sediments, are the main soil-forming factors that have influenced the classification of the soils. The local soil classification mostly corresponds to the two international soil classifications with regard to the influence of pedogenetic factors/characteristics. To increase its accuracy, quantitative thresholds for soil type and lower levels are required
Classification of the soils of river island micro-depressions (Great War Island, Serbia)
No full textGreat War Island (GWI) is a river island formed at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, heavily exposed to groundwater and flooding and is therefore suitable as a case study for the investigation of hydromorphic soils. The aim of this study was to classify the soils in two different micro-depression on Great War Island according to the local (Škorić 1985) and international (WRB 2022 and USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999) systems, with particular attention to the soil-forming factors that influenced the classification of the soils. The results obtained could help to improve the existing local classification system or to create a new system in the future. The soil of the closed (less flooded) micro-depression is Eugley, Hipogley, Mineral, Calcareous (Škorić 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Gleysol (Loamic, Humic) (WRB 2022). The soil of the micro-depression open to the Danube (more flooded) is Humogley, Calcareous, Weakly alkalized, Loamy (Škorić 1985) or Calcaric Oxygleyic Mollic Tidalic Gleysol (Loamic, Fluvi-Loaminovic) (WRB 2022). The both soils are Typic Endoaquolls (USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999). The high level and amplitude of the groundwater and the duration of the flood caused by the topography, as well as the texture of the alluvial sediments, are the main soil-forming factors that have influenced the classification of the soils. The local soil classification mostly corresponds to the two international soil classifications with regard to the influence of pedogenetic factors/characteristics. To increase its accuracy, quantitative thresholds for soil type and lower levels are required
Diversity of Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. and Population Structure of AG-A in Serbia
No full textFrom 2013 to 2021, 112 binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BNR) isolates were obtained from the strawberry, tomato, pepper, bean, apple, cherry, meadow grass, and soil previously cropped with strawberries from 16 locations in Serbia. Morphological and molecular analyses (ITS, LSU rDNA, RPB2, tef-1α, and atp6) confirmed infections caused by four BNR AGs: AG-G on the cherry (globally new host), bean, and tomato; AG-U on meadow grass (globally new host) and apple, AG-A on the strawberry (the most frequently isolated), and AG-F on pepper. ITS sequence analysis revealed 24 haplotypes within the worldwide population of BNR AG-A, with Serbian isolates belonging to nine. The aggressiveness of AG-A (ten isolates), AG-G (three isolates), AG-F (one isolate), and AG-U (two isolates) was tested on seedlings of 14 hosts from Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, and Chenopodiaceae, and on detached leaf petioles of the strawberry, tomato, sunflower, and bean, as well as on two pea cultivars. Sunflower and sugar beet were the most susceptible, with AG-G being the most aggressive and AG-A the least aggressive. AG-A could not infect cabbage, while at least one isolate of each remaining AG infected all tested hosts. The consistency between seedling and petiole tests highlights the latter as a rapid method for evaluating the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of BNR isolates