7597 research outputs found
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The importance of crop sequence for soybean productivity
No full textU ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj preduseva na produktivnost zrna soje tokom 2024. godine u Pančevu. Predusevi su bili pšenica i kukuruz. Proučavane su: komponente prinosa i prinos zrna soje. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je prosečna masa 1000 semena iznosila 144 g i bila je veća u varijanti sa predusevom kukuruza za 8,32%, dok je prosečan prinos semena iznosio 2535 kg/ha i bio je veći u varijanti sa predusevom sa pšenicom za 270 kg/ha odnosno za 11,25%.In this paper, the influence of crops sequence for soybean productivity of was investigated, during 2024 in Pancevo. The starters were wheat and maize. The following were studied: yield components and soybean grain yield. The results of the research showed that the average mass of 1000 seeds were 144 g and was higher in the variant with maize crops sequence by 8.32%, while the average seed yield was 2535 kg/ha and was higher in the variant with wheat crops sequence by 270 kg/ha or by 11.25%
Chemical composition of tobacco seed (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
No full textThe chemical composition of tobacco seed (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varies significantly
depending on the genetic characteristics of the variety and environmental conditions during its
development. This paper presents a review of the chemical composition of tobacco seed based
on relevant scientific literature. The average composition (g/100 g dry matter - DM) includes:
moisture 5.88 g, total ash 3.20 g, total fats 34.58 g, total proteins 26.29 g, and carbohydrates
30.06 g. The results show that fats are the most abundant component, with linolenic acid (45.1
g/100 g DM), oleic acid (26.5 g/100 g DM), and palmitic acid (18.0 g/100 g DM) being the
dominant fatty acids. The oil content in the seed ranges from 36% to 41%, depending on the
variety and agroecological conditions. Among mineral elements, calcium (Ca) and potassium
(K) are the most prevalent. It is important to note that dry tobacco seed does not contain
nicotine, as its biosynthesis begins only during the germination process. After harvest, the
seed contains about 16% moisture, which complicates storage. To prevent spoilage and
preserve germination potential, moisture content must be reduced below 7%, which can be
achieved through natural sun drying with ventilation or by using drying chambers under
controlled conditions. The obtained data may serve as a basis for further research on the
nutritional and physiological properties of tobacco seed, as well as for optimizing its storage
and utilization in various industrial sectors
Associations Between Mineral Composition and Aflatoxin B1 in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seeds: Toward Contamination Indicators and Food Safety
No full textMaize (Zea mays L.), a globally important cereal crop, is often threatened by aflatoxin contamination, compromising seed quality, nutritional value, and food safety. This study investigated the distribution of macro- and microelements in inner and outer seed fractions of maize with varying aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels to identify potential elemental markers of contamination. Macro- and microelements were quantified using ICP-OES and ICP-QMS, and principal component and correlation analyses were applied to explore interelement relationships and sample separation. The inner fraction was enriched in metabolically active elements such as K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ni, while the outer fraction contained higher Na, Ca, Cr, and Co, supporting structural integrity and defense. Strong positive correlations were observed between Mn and Zn in the inner fraction (r = 0.818), as well as between Cr and Zn (r = 0.82) and Co and Zn (r = 0.797) in the outer fraction, whereas Na and Zn showed a negative correlation in the inner fraction (r = −0.739). Na exhibited a nonlinear relationship with AFB1, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms. Increasing AFB1 concentrations affected elemental composition, with dynamic changes in Cr, Mn, Zn, and Co and reductions in K, reflecting adaptive responses at low toxin levels and disrupted metal homeostasis at higher contamination. Strong associations of Mn, Zn, and Cr with AFB1 indicate their potential as contamination markers. These findings highlight compartment-specific mineral dynamics and their relevance for seed resilience and food safety
Revisiting Key Performance Indicators That Evaluate Food Safety Management Systems: A Short Review
No full textThe main aim of this paper was to revisit scientific manuscripts and identify key food safety performance indicators that may be applicable in different types of food company. A total of 48 papers has been analyzed, and results show that indicators may be categorized as process-based, product-based, and company-based performance indicators. Process-based indicators analyzed the effectiveness of processes found in a majority of food companies such as hygiene, control, maintenance, storage, purchasing, and human resources. Product-based indicators were analyzed through the perspective of production effectiveness as the core process in all food companies. Company-based indicators were deployed in terms of indicators used to verify the effectiveness of the food safety system
Aroma Profiling and Sensory Association of Six Raspberry Cultivars Using HS-SPME/GC-MS and OPLS-HDA
No full textIn this study, six club raspberry varieties were examined for their aromatic profiles and sensory qualities, and statistical approaches were used to determine how aroma components affect consumer impressions. Analysis of the aroma’s chemical composition was performed utilizing headspace SPME and GC-MS. MS-DIAL -v5.5.250627 software was used to identify components from commercial libraries, after 10 repetitions for each variety, followed by manual verification. A sensory evaluation of fresh fruits, with 55 volunteers, was statistically analyzed and linked to chemical composition using multivariate analysis and the OPLS-HDA classification method, which was employed for the first time. Tula Magic was scored the highest in the sensory evaluation compared to Adelita, Himbo Top, Glen Dee, San Rafael, and Cascade Harvest. 2-Heptanol (fresh, lemongrass-like, herbal, floral, fruity, green), heptanal (fresh, aldehydic, fatty, green, herbal), and 2-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol (oily-green, herbaceous-citrusy) separated Tula Magic from the other varieties assessed. The same components were recognized in OPLS as positive contributors to the flavor score, while terpenoids like trans-β-ionone, α-ionone, and α,β-dihydro-β-ionone, as well as 2-heptanone, scored slightly lower. This suggests that a fine balance between the individual components is key to the overall aroma sensation
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textNontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021.SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors.Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor–specific population attributable fractions (PAFs).In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution.Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH
Chitosan–Glucan Biopolymer Design: Extraction from Champignons with Improved Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Features
No full textIn this study, biopolymer chitosan–glucan from fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus (Cs-Agrif) was extracted and characterized as a sustainable alternative to commercial low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan obtained from crab shells (Cs-1). Cs-Agrif was prepared through an alkaline treatment process that included deproteination and deacetylation in the same step. The obtained sample was evaluated for its molecular weight, rheological behavior, degree of deacetylation (DD), crystallinity, and β-glucan and phenolic contents. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of the prepared chitosan were determined under in vitro conditions using four spectrophotometric methods. Finally, its antimicrobial activity was tested against two pathogenic bacteria, one yeast, and mycotoxigenic fungi. Cs-Agrif had low molecular weight, of 45.70 ± 5.20 kDa, with pseudoplastic flow behavior. The degree of deacetylation was 92.7%. FT-IR and XRD analyses confirmed a chitosan-like structure and lower crystallinity in Cs-Agrif compared to pure commercial chitosan. The mushroom-derived chitosan contained β-glucans and phenols, indicating a chitosan–glucan complex. Antimicrobial assays showed low Cs-Agrif microbicidal concentrations (≤2.5 mg mL−1) for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. The growth of Aspergillus flavus was significantly reduced after five days of incubation. The laboratory-prepared Cs-Agrif exhibited strong antioxidant activity at 5 mg mL−1, comparing to standards. Mushroom-derived chitosan–glucan biopolymer displays excellent physicochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, confirming its potential use in biomedicine, food, and the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, among many others
Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation for more sustainable soybean and sunflower seed waste management
No full textThe seed and edible oil (SEO) industry produces a significant amount of waste, from wastewater to organic solid waste such as soybean and sunflower seed husks. The inclusion of these materials as substrates for edible mushroom production was examined. Lignocellulosic characterization of the substrates was also performed to determine the exact nutrient requirements for fungal inoculation. Comparative analysis with the control sample cultured on traditional wheat straw showed that the solid wastes of SEO not only allowed a satisfactory growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus, but also resulted in fruiting bodies with satisfactory sensory characteristics, chemical composition, and functional properties such as antioxidant activity. For the first time, emphasis was placed on cytotoxic and genotoxic properties to obtain baseline data for risk assessment. The results show that the maximum shelf life of P. ostreatus that allows overall quality to be maintained is seven days, as there is a genotoxic risk if the mushrooms are stored longer. Although the biological efficiency was 23 % on the day 14 which leads to increased growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms (2.65–3.20 log CFU/g). Considering the resource-intensive SEO industry and the significant amounts of waste associated with it, incorporating waste streams from this industry and converting them into valuable food contributes toward the research-backed realistic new avenues and moves beyond the status quo of the SEO industry
Detection of milk fat adulteration with margarine and palm oil in kajmak
No full textKajmak is a milk fat-based dairy product that is very popular in the Balkans. However, it is
often the subject of adulteration. The aim of this study was to determine the detectable level
of adulteration of milk fat in kajmak with margarine and refined palm oil based on iodine value
analysis and fatty acid profile by gas chromatographic analysis. In addition, a texture analysis
of the adulterated kajmak samples was performed. Six treatments of adulterated kajmak were
prepared by mixing fresh kajmak with margarine and refined palm oil in proportions of 5 %, 10 %
and 20 % of the total fat in the kajmak. When comparing the fatty acid groups, the detectable
level of adulteration for both the added margarine and the palm oil was 10 %. The adulteration
of kajmak with 5 % margarine and refined palm oil can be detected by analysing the iodine
value as well as by measuring the proportion of trans fatty acids in the case of adulteration
with margarine or the C18:3 n-3 in kajmak adulterated with refined palm oil. Larger amounts of
added adulterants of 10 % and 20 % can be detected by measuring the proportion of most other
fatty acids. The textural properties, in particular firmness and spreadability, were statistically
significantly changed (p<0.05) when both margarine and refined palm oil were added, but only
in an amount of at least 20 %
Praškasti proizvod namenjen za pripremu proteinskog napitka na bazi soje sa dodatkom probiotskih bakterija-SoPro-Shake
No full textTehnički problem koji se rešava ovim tehničkim rešenjem je kreiranje proteinskog funkcionalnog napitka u formi praha sa dodatkom probiotika i pogače suncokreta ili bundeve, kao nusproizvoda proizvodnje hladno presovanih ulja koje su izvor proteina, koji obiluje nutrijentima, bioaktivnim materijama i fiziološkim komponentama objedinjenim u kompaktnu porciju ekološke ambalaže koja daje potrošaču mogućnost brzog i lakog rukovanja, kao i jednostavne pripreme koja ne zahteva primenu vruće ili ključale vode kako bi se prškasta masa rastvorila. Nakon pripreme napitka, SoPro-Shake sa pogačom od bundeve bi mogao da se smatra proizvodom bogatim proteinima jer sadrži 20,4 g proteina na 100 g proizvoda (Sl. Glasnik, br. 51/2018, 103/2018 i 110/2023). S druge strane, SoPro-Shake sa suncokretovom pogačom se može definisati kao proizvod bogat vlaknima, s obzirom da sadrži 8,65 g vlakna na 100 g proizvoda. Funkcionalnost proizvoda bila bi opravdana i dodatkom sprej sušenih probiotskih bakterija Lactobacillus plantarum 299V (DSM 9843) i Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103).Doneta je odluka Matičnog naučnog odbora za biotehnologiju i poljoprivredu da se ovo tehničko rešenje prihvata i da se može uvrstiti u kategoriju M82