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Potential roles of lipases and antioxidases on longevity under nutrient restriction in two Argopecten scallops with distinct lifespans
No full textNutrient restriction (NR) extends lifespan in many species. High latitudes are characterized by cold-water temperature and food limitations, where bivalves may mimic NR like vertebrates, which could result in a prolonged life expectancy. The long-lived Peruvian scallop (7-10 years) distributes naturally at relatively higher latitudes than the annual bay scallop. However, the relationship and the mechanism underlying the food availability and lifespan are unclear in bivalves. In this study, the genetic response to NR was first investigated in bivalves with distinct lifespans. Peruvian scallops persistently responded to NR mainly via metabolic pathways, but that began to play roles in bay scallops after 56 days. Significant down-regulated expression of long-chain saturated fatty acid synthetase in both two scallops and increased expression of SCD5 and LIPN2 in Peruvian scallops might contribute to MUFA accumulation under NR. SOD1 was more highly expressed in Peruvian scallops than in bay scallops under NR, and strong autophagy was detected only in Peruvian scallops. Peruvian scallops presented much lower MDA levels and higher SOD1 activities than bay scallops. These findings help us understanding the role of lipases and antioxidases in longevity of bivalves, and provide potential biomarkers for breeding long-lived larger scallops
An inversion model of microplastics abundance based on satellite remote sensing: a case study in the Bohai Sea
No full textNowadays, microplastics (MPs) as emerging contaminants have posed great risks to marine ecosystems and human health. However, non-continuous field sampling data makes it difficult to meet the needs of scientific research and pollution control of marine MPs. Consequently, the development of rapid monitoring techniques for marine MPs to achieve efficient acquisition of data is increasingly essential. Remote sensing technology provides a convenient and effective tool for monitoring and mapping marine MPs pollution. Therefore, we established an inversion model based on multiple regression by combining the remote sensing data and the measured data to predict the MPs pollution status in the Bohai Sea. The feature variables of a model are crucial to the prediction, and we proposed three methods of variable selection, namely successive projections algorithm (SPA), band combination method, and remote sensing index method. By comparing accuracy evaluation metrics, an approach based on SPA was selected to analyze the abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of MPs in the Bohai Sea in 2022. The determination coefficient of the SPA model is 0.75, and the root mean square error is 0.38 items/m3. The error of the model is within an acceptable range. It was found that the MPs abundance on the sea surface of the Bohai Sea varied significantly in different seasons and regions. This study indicates that satellite remote sensing technology has great potential in monitoring marine MPs
A heteropore covalent organic framework for highly selective enrichment of aryl-organophosphate esters in environmental water coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS determination
No full textThe identification of an increasing number of aryl organophosphate esters (aryl-OPEs) in environmental samples has led to growing attention recently. Due to the potential adverse effects on human health and environment, development of new analytical methods for sensitive and selective determination of aryl-OPEs in complex matrices is urgently needed. Here, a novel analytical method for the identification and determination of trace amounts of aryl-OPEs in water samples is developed by using melamine sponge@heteropore covalent organic framework (MS@HCOF) based on vortex-assisted extraction (VAE) prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The MS@HCOF was rationally designed and synthesized through an in-situ growth strategy and exhibited superior selectivity toward aryl-OPEs compared with that of MS@singlepore COF (MS@SCOF) due to steric effect. A systematic optimization was conducted on important parameters of VAE, resulting in the successful extraction of nine aryl-OPEs in just 6 min. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/ N = 10) were within the ranges of 0.001-0.027 and 0.005-0.091 ng/L for nine aryl-OPEs, respectively. The validated method was proven applicable to real water samples, i.e., the recoveries were 65.3-119.5 % for seawater, 59.4-112.9 % for effluent, and 76.0-117.4 % for tap water. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms were explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT results revealed that a notable selective enrichment capacity of MS@HCOF towards aryl-OPEs stems from 7C-7C conjugation and hydrogen bonding. The established method benefits from the advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity for the ultra-trace determi-nation of aryl-OPEs
Treatment of landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate by a three-dimensional electrochemical technology with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes: Efficacy, mechanisms, and enhancement effect of subsequent electrocoagulation
No full textLandfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate is a kind of wastewater containing high concentrations of color and refractory organics. Herein, we proposed a novel three-dimensional electrochemical technology (3DET) with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes for its treatment. The planar and particle electrodes were first optimized. Ti/RuO2 and graphite were used as anodes in the two-dimensional electrochemical technology (2DET). In the light of contaminant removal (color, UV254, COD, and TOC), chlorine reduction, and energy consumption, graphite was selected as planar anodes and cathodes. Moreover, 3DET with Al particle electrodes (Al 3DET) outperformed that with conventional granular activated carbon electrodes, 2DET, and Al particles. At 120 min, the removal efficiencies of color, UV254, COD, and TOC using Al 3DET were 98.94 %, 84.72 %, 51.93 %, and 67.46 %, respectively. UV-vis and EEM spectroscopy, and GC-MS analyses indicate that macromolecular organic matter such as humic-like substances could be effectively degraded and simultaneously removed. Reactive species identification tests including free radical quenching and EPR spectra were conducted. The results indicate that in addition to anodic direct oxidation, indirect oxidation by oxidative species (H2O2, (OH)-O-center dot, and RCS) and flocculation by Al species also played a vital role in contaminant removal. Continuous-flow experiments show that Fe EC as a post -treatment step of Al 3DET could effectively provide a neutralization effect for the 3DET effluent and enhance the removal efficiency of contaminants. The total operating cost of combined process was 1.307 USD/m(3). This study shows that the Al 3DET-Fe EC process is a promising technology for the treatment of nanofiltration concentrate
Evolutionary dynamics of island shoreline in the context of climate change: insights from extensive empirical evidence
No full textThe evolution and future trajectory of island shorelines, amidst global climate change, are of increasing concern to governments, communities and researchers worldwide. However, the field of island studies is often hampered by a lack of data and inconsistent methodologies, leading to an inadequate understanding of the processes driving shoreline changes on islands within the context of climate change. This research aims to bridge this gap by analyzing islands in Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea from 1990 to 2020 using remote sensing. Of over 13,000 islands examined, approximately 12% experienced significant shifts in shoreline positions. The total shoreline length of these islands approaches 200,000 km, with 7.57% showing signs of landward erosion and 6.05% expanding seaward. Human activities, particularly reclamation and land filling, were identified as primary drivers of local shoreline transformations, while natural factors have a comparatively minor impact. Moreover, the ongoing rise in sea levels is identified as an exacerbating factor for coastal erosion rather than the primary cause. Drawing from these findings, we propose several adaptive measures for islands in response to climate change. Taken together, this research provides comprehensive data and a basis for decision-making for sustainable development of island territories
Synchrotron Radiation: A Key Tool for Drug Discovery
No full textSynchrotron radiation is extensively utilized in the domains of materials science, physical chemistry, and life science, resulting from its high intensity, exceptional monochromaticity, superior collimation, and broad wave spectrum. This top-notch light source has also made significant contributions to the progress of biomedicine. The advancement of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray and protein crystallography technologies has created new prospects for drug discovery. These innovative techniques have opened up exciting avenues in the field. The investigation of protein crystal structures and the elucidation of the spatial configuration of biological macromolecules have revealed intricate details regarding the modes of protein binding. Furthermore, the screening of crystal polymorphs and ligands has laid the groundwork for rational drug modification and the improvement of drug physicochemical properties. As science and technology continue to advance, the techniques for analyzing structures using synchrotron radiation sources and the design of corresponding crystallographic beamline stations are undergoing continuous enhancement. These cutting-edge tools and facilities are expected to expedite the drug development process and rectify the current situation of a lack of targeted drugs
Scallop farming impacts on dissolved organic matter cycling in coastal waters: Regulation of the low molecular weight fraction
No full textTo elucidate the impacts of scallop farming on the biogeochemical characteristics of low molecular weight (LMW, MA > non-mariculture area (NMA) for both bulk (<0.7 mu m) and LMW fractions. Four fluorescent components, namely two protein-like components (tryptophan-like C1 and tyrosine-like C2) and two humic-like components (microbial humic-like C3 and terrestrial humic-like C4), were identified. Scallop farming influenced DOM transformation by altering phytoplankton abundance and promoting microbial degradation. In July, the net contributions of phytoplankton to the spectroscopy parameters of LMW-DOM in the surface seawater were 11.0% for a(350), 4.3% for C1, 0.8% for C2, 0.6% for C3 and 3.0% for C4, respectively; the corresponding values of bulk DOM in the surface seawater were 24.3% for a(350), 20.1% for C1, 5.9% for C2, 2.0% for C3, 2.9% for C4, respectively. Compared with NMA, the contributions of microbial degradation to a(350) in MA's surface seawater increased by 9.0% for LMW-DOM and 6.9% for bulk DOM in July; however, the effects on different fluorescent components varied. In August, compared with NMA, the contributions of microbial degradation to spectroscopy parameters in the bottom water of MA decreased by 35.7% for a(350), 6.3% for C2, 1.3% for C3, and 4.4% for C4 for LMW-DOM fraction; for bulk DOM, the corresponding contribution decreased by 10.8% for C1. These variations indicate that protein-like substances from scallop aquaculture are easily degraded into LMW substances, while humic-like substances degradation diminishes over time
Long-term pollution status of microplastics in sediment of a typical mariculture area
No full textMicroplastics (MPs) are pervasive in various environmental media, posing a significant global issue. However, long-term data on marine MPs pollution trends are limited. This study investigates sediment samples from six stations in Sishili Bay, Yellow Sea, collected in 2015, 2018, and 2021, an area impacted by industrial, maricultural, and tourism activities. Findings reveal an annual increase in MPs abundance, with mean concentrations of 92.60 +/- 23.93 items/kg.dw in 2015, 146.18 +/- 14.80 items/kg.dw in 2018, and 203.21 +/- 20.31 items/kg.dw in 2021. MPs distribution is spatially uniform, showing no significant seasonal changes, attributed to the bay's semi-enclosed nature. Predominant MPs are fibers (>70 %) and transparent particles (>35 %), with most particles <1000 mu m. PET and Rayon are the main polymers identified. The study emphasizes the escalating MPs pollution in the mariculture area, highlighting the urgent need for targeted pollution control and mitigation strategies
A smartphone-enabled visual platform for detecting aflatoxins in peanut oil using colorimetric analysis coupled with magnetic imprinted solid-phase extraction
No full textThe study aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive colorimetric platform based on the Emerson reaction to visualize and determine total aflatoxins (AFs) in peanut oil. This method offers the advantage of fast screening for AFs (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), eliminating the need for specific antibodies. The proposed approach combined colorimetric detection with magnetic dummy imprinted solid-phase extraction and purification, enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. The oxidizer aided the colorless AFs in reacting with 4-aminoantipyrine, producing green condensates. Thus, a dual-mode approach was developed for AFs detection, employing both UV-vis colorimetric and smartphone-based colorimetry. Both methods showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of AFs. Notably, the smartphone-based method demonstrated a detection range of 0.5-57 mu g/kg, with a detection limit as low as 0.21 mu g/kg. The suggested colorimetric methods present a promising potential for onsite detection and fast screening of AFs in actual samples