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New Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Platform with Large Stokes Shift for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Thyroid Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases Diagnosis
No full textDevelopment of new near-infrared fluorophores is one of the eternal themes in the field of biosensing and biological imaging. In this work, we constructed a novel fluorophore platform MOR by replacing methylindole of hemicyanine fluorophore (CyR) with benzoxazole to acquire better fluorescence characteristics. Based on the platform, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe MOR-CES2 was synthesized for the specific "off-on" response to carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). The probe exhibited excellent properties including near-infrared emission (735 nm), large Stokes shift (105 nm), high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3 ng/mL), and rapid response (15 min). The successful application of MOR-CES2 in biological imaging of CES2 in mice with thyroid cancer and inflammatory bowel disease demonstrated that the probe could identify cancer cells and tissues and sensitively respond to inflammation. The results proved the potency of MOR-CES2 as an efficient imaging tool to assist in the surgical resection of CES2-related tumors
Treatment of landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate by a three-dimensional electrochemical technology with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes: Efficacy, mechanisms, and enhancement effect of subsequent electrocoagulation
No full textLandfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate is a kind of wastewater containing high concentrations of color and refractory organics. Herein, we proposed a novel three-dimensional electrochemical technology (3DET) with waste aluminum scraps as particle electrodes for its treatment. The planar and particle electrodes were first optimized. Ti/RuO2 and graphite were used as anodes in the two-dimensional electrochemical technology (2DET). In the light of contaminant removal (color, UV254, COD, and TOC), chlorine reduction, and energy consumption, graphite was selected as planar anodes and cathodes. Moreover, 3DET with Al particle electrodes (Al 3DET) outperformed that with conventional granular activated carbon electrodes, 2DET, and Al particles. At 120 min, the removal efficiencies of color, UV254, COD, and TOC using Al 3DET were 98.94 %, 84.72 %, 51.93 %, and 67.46 %, respectively. UV-vis and EEM spectroscopy, and GC-MS analyses indicate that macromolecular organic matter such as humic-like substances could be effectively degraded and simultaneously removed. Reactive species identification tests including free radical quenching and EPR spectra were conducted. The results indicate that in addition to anodic direct oxidation, indirect oxidation by oxidative species (H2O2, (OH)-O-center dot, and RCS) and flocculation by Al species also played a vital role in contaminant removal. Continuous-flow experiments show that Fe EC as a post -treatment step of Al 3DET could effectively provide a neutralization effect for the 3DET effluent and enhance the removal efficiency of contaminants. The total operating cost of combined process was 1.307 USD/m(3). This study shows that the Al 3DET-Fe EC process is a promising technology for the treatment of nanofiltration concentrate
Research and improvement of cyanoacrylate on bonding properties of silicone adhesive material
No full textCyanoacrylate adhesives represent the earliest discovered and most widely utilized adhesives known to date, boasting exceptional bonding properties such as the ability to cure at room temperature, rapid curing rates, and strong adhesion. However, shortcomings persist in practical applications, notably in addressing inert materials like silicone that pose challenges for ideal adhesion. To enhance the bonding performance of cyanate ester adhesives with silicone materials, this study delves into two aspects: modifying cyanate esters and pre-treating silicone surfaces to reduce surface energy. Following internal modifications, the maximum bonding strength to silicone sheets reached 2.33 MPa, while pre-treating the silicone substrate surface enabled a maximum bonding strength of 6.10 MPa. Utilizing SEM, ATR, EDS, and other analytical techniques, the mechanisms behind the improvement in silicone substrate bonding strength are characterized, revealing changes in properties preand post-treatment. This research paves a novel path and direction for future scientific investigations and advancements in adhesive formulation and enhancement
Flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane based on the synergistic effect of HGB and DOPO derivatives
No full textThe inherent combustibility of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of only 18.0% has impeded its versatile applications in the automotive industry, furniture coatings, leather, and other domains. Therefore, enhancing the fire safety of WPU is imperative. This work reports the synthesis of novel reactive flame retardants and their subsequent chemical grafting onto WPU to ameliorate its flammability weakness. Using the novel flame-retardant intermediate 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and para-hydroxybenzaldehyde as precursors, phosphorus-based flame retardants (DOPOs) were prepared. Hollow glass microspheres (HGB) were modified with a silane coupling agent (KH550) and incorporated into the WPU prepolymerization. Finally, chemical grafting occurred between the hydroxyl groups of DOPOs and the modified HGB to produce dual-component flame retardants involved in the prepolymerization. The addition of 2 wt% synergistic flame retardants to WPU increased its LOI to 26% and eliminated dripping during combustion
Biohydrogen Production from Methane-Derived Biomass of Methanotroph and Microalgae by <i>Clostridium</i>
No full textMethane, a potent greenhouse gas, represents both a challenge and an opportunity in the quest for sustainable energy. This work investigates the biotechnology for converting methane into clean, renewable hydrogen. The co-culture of Chlorella sacchrarophila FACHB 4 and Methylomonas sp. HYX-M1 was demonstrated to completely convert 1 mmol of methane to biomass within 96 h. After acid digestion of such biomass, up to 45.05 mu mol of glucose, 4.07 mu mol of xylose, and 26.5 mu mol of lactic acid were obtained. Both Clostridium pasteurianum DSM525 and Clostridium sp. BZ-1 can utilize those sugars to produce hydrogen without any additional organic carbon sources. The higher light intensity in methane oxidation co-culture systems resulted in higher hydrogen production, with the BZ-1 strain producing up to 14.00 mu mol of hydrogen, 8.19 mu mol of lactate, and 6.09 mu mol of butyrate from the co-culture biomass obtained at 12,000 lux. The results demonstrate that the co-culture biomass of microalgae and methanotroph has the potential to serve as a feedstock for dark fermentative hydrogen production. Our study highlights the complexities inherent in achieving efficient and complete methane-to-hydrogen conversion, positioning this biological approach as a pivotal yet demanding area of research for combating climate change and propelling the global energy transition
Preparation of Yellowing-Resistant Waterborne Polyurethane Modified with Disulfide Bonds
No full textWaterborne polyurethane, renowned for its lightweight properties, excellent insulation capabilities, and corrosion resistance, has found extensive application in fields such as construction, automotive, leather, and thermal insulation. Nevertheless, during operational usage, waterborne polyurethane materials, akin to other polymeric substances, are susceptible to oxidative aging manifestations like yellowing, cracking, and diminished mechanical performance, significantly curtailing their utility. Consequently, the synthesis of yellowing-resistant polyurethane assumes pivotal significance. This study integrates dynamic reversible reactions into the synthesis process of polyurethane by introducing the dynamic reversible compound 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide as a chain extender, alongside the incorporation of a UV absorber to enhance the polyurethane's resistance to yellowing. When the disulfide bonds absorb heat, they undergo cleavage, yielding thiols that spontaneously recombine into disulfide bonds at ambient temperatures, allowing for the continuous breaking and reformation of disulfide bonds to absorb heat. Concurrently, in collaboration with the UV absorber, the detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation on the polyurethane material are mitigated, thereby augmenting its resistance to yellowing. This study scrutinizes the positioning of UV absorber addition, the quantity of UV absorber, and the molar ratio of 1,4-butanediol to 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, characterizing the functional groups of polyurethane through infrared and Raman spectroscopy. It is observed that the successful preparation of yellowing-resistant polyurethane is achieved, and evaluations on the modified polyurethane through color difference, tensile, and centrifugal tests reveal that the optimal yellowing resistance is attained by adding a UV absorber at a mass fraction of 1% to 3% prior to chain extension, resulting in a color change grade of 2, denoting slight discoloration. Simultaneously, the other properties of polyurethane exhibit relative stability. Notably, when the molar ratio of 1,4-butanediol to 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide is 3:2, the overall performance of the polyurethane remains stable, with exceptional yellowing resistance capabilities attaining a color change grade of 2
New Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Platform with Large Stokes Shift for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Thyroid Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases Diagnosis
No full textDevelopment of new near-infrared fluorophores is one of the eternal themes in the field of biosensing and biological imaging. In this work, we constructed a novel fluorophore platform MOR by replacing methylindole of hemicyanine fluorophore (CyR) with benzoxazole to acquire better fluorescence characteristics. Based on the platform, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe MOR-CES2 was synthesized for the specific "off-on" response to carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). The probe exhibited excellent properties including near-infrared emission (735 nm), large Stokes shift (105 nm), high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3 ng/mL), and rapid response (15 min). The successful application of MOR-CES2 in biological imaging of CES2 in mice with thyroid cancer and inflammatory bowel disease demonstrated that the probe could identify cancer cells and tissues and sensitively respond to inflammation. The results proved the potency of MOR-CES2 as an efficient imaging tool to assist in the surgical resection of CES2-related tumors
Biodiversity and distribution patterns of blooming jellyfish in the Bohai Sea revealed by eDNA metabarcoding
No full textBackgroundThe mass occurrence of scyphozoan jellyfish severely affects marine ecosystems and coastal economies, and the study of blooming jellyfish population dynamics has emerged in response. However, traditional ecological survey methods required for such research have difficulties in detecting cryptic life stages and surveying population dynamics owing to high spatiotemporal variations in their occurrence. The environmental DNA (eDNA) technique is an effective tool for overcoming these limitations.ResultsIn this study, we investigated the biodiversity and spatial distribution characteristics of blooming jellyfish in the Bohai Sea of China using an eDNA metabarcoding approach, which covered the surface, middle, and bottom seawater layers, and sediments. Six jellyfish taxa were identified, of which Aurelia coerulea, Nemopilema nomurai, and Cyanea nozakii were the most dominant. These three blooming jellyfish presented a marked vertical distribution pattern in the offshore regions. A. coerulea was mainly distributed in the surface layer, whereas C. nozakii and N. nomurai showed a upper-middle and middle-bottom aggregation, respectively. Horizontally, A. coerulea and C. nozakii were more abundant in the inshore regions, whereas N. nomurai was mainly distributed offshore. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the eDNA of the three dominant blooming jellyfish species and temperature, salinity, and nutrients.ConclusionsOur study confirms the applicability of the eDNA approach to both biodiverstiy evaluation of blooming jellyfish and investigating their spatial distribution, and it can be used as a supplementary tool to traditional survey methods
Description of <i>Fuscovulum ytuae</i> sp. nov, a facultative autotroph isolated from the intertidalite of Yangma island, China
No full textIn this study, we reported a Gram-stain-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped, atrichous, and facultative anaerobe bacteria strain named YMD61(T), which was isolated from the intertidal sediment of Yangma island, China. Growth of strain YMD61(T) occurred at 10.0-45.0 degrees C (optimum, 30.0 degrees C), pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene or genomic sequence indicated that strain YMD61(T) belonged to the genus Fuscovulum and was closely related to Fuscovulum blasticum ATCC 33,485(T) (96.6% sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain YMD61(T) contains a circular chromosome of 3,895,730 bp with DNA G + C content of 63.3%. The genomic functional analysis indicated that strain YMD61(T) is a novel sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, which is capable of fixing carbon through an autotrophic pathway by integrating the processes of photosynthesis and sulfur oxidation. The predominant respiratory quinone of YMD61(T) was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids of YMD61(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unidentified lipids, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids of strain YMD61(T) contained C-18:1 omega 7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C-18:1 omega 7c or/and C-18:1 omega 6c). Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain YMD61(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fuscovulum, and the name Fuscovulum ytuae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YMD61(T) (= MCCC 1K08483(T) = KCTC 43,537(T))
Description of <i>Fuscovulum ytuae</i> sp. nov, a facultative autotroph isolated from the intertidalite of Yangma island, China
No full textIn this study, we reported a Gram-stain-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped, atrichous, and facultative anaerobe bacteria strain named YMD61(T), which was isolated from the intertidal sediment of Yangma island, China. Growth of strain YMD61(T) occurred at 10.0-45.0 degrees C (optimum, 30.0 degrees C), pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene or genomic sequence indicated that strain YMD61(T) belonged to the genus Fuscovulum and was closely related to Fuscovulum blasticum ATCC 33,485(T) (96.6% sequence similarity). Genomic analysis indicated that strain YMD61(T) contains a circular chromosome of 3,895,730 bp with DNA G + C content of 63.3%. The genomic functional analysis indicated that strain YMD61(T) is a novel sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, which is capable of fixing carbon through an autotrophic pathway by integrating the processes of photosynthesis and sulfur oxidation. The predominant respiratory quinone of YMD61(T) was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids of YMD61(T) contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, five unidentified lipids, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid. The major fatty acids of strain YMD61(T) contained C-18:1 omega 7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C-18:1 omega 7c or/and C-18:1 omega 6c). Phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and morphological analyses suggested that strain YMD61(T) represents a novel species of the genus Fuscovulum, and the name Fuscovulum ytuae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YMD61(T) (= MCCC 1K08483(T) = KCTC 43,537(T))