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A method for breeding new anti-vibrio variety of clam
No full text本发明涉及海产经济贝类遗传育种技术领域，特别是一种毛蚶抗弧菌新品种的育种方法。具体为利用半致死浓度的副溶血弧菌胁迫成体毛蚶，对15％存活的个体进行恢复以8％留种率筛选获得抗弧菌毛蚶种贝，进行室内车间育肥将毛蚶培育至性腺发育成熟，并于诱导产卵前通过灭活的副溶血弧菌诱导毛蚶产生可遗传的免疫因子；而后诱导毛蚶产卵，获得毛蚶F1代抗弧菌品系，再将F1代采用“北育南养”的繁育和养殖技术快速将毛蚶苗种培育至性成熟；此后，每年按照胁迫筛选种贝、增强子代免疫力和“北育南养”的方式连续选育即获得遗传稳定、性状优良的毛蚶抗弧菌新品种。本发明方法可显著提高毛蚶的抗弧菌能力和养殖存活率，提高毛蚶养殖业的良种保存与供应能力
Water exchange frequency affects the fractions of sulfur and heavy metals in mariculture sediments
No full textWater exchange is a key step in mariculture activities. However, the impact of water exchange frequency (WEF) on the environmental behavior of sulfur and heavy metals is not well understood. In this study, the migration and transformation of sulfur and heavy metals in mariculture sediments under different WEFs were investigated. The results indicated that high WEF would be unfavorable to overlying water quality, while increased acid volatile sulfur (AVS) in the sediments (11.13 mu mol/g). High WEF accelerated the release of heavy metals from bottom sediments and their enrichment in the surface layer, leading to an increase in heavy metal content in the surface sediments, with Cd showing particularly significant changes (CV, similar to 20%). Moreover, the WEF also had an obvious effect on the Cd fraction (CV>10%). The increase in acid-soluble Pb inhibited the conversion of AVS to chromium (II)-reducible sulfur (CRS) in the sediments, enhancing the sediment aging process. An appropriate frequency of water exchange (once every 5 days) could increase the abundance and diversity of bacteria and help to shape specific microorganisms. Changes in heavy metals in the surface sediments caused Firmicutes to become the most affected bacterial species by the WEF. The functional flora involved in the sulfur cycle were lesser affected by the WEF (CV, similar to 5%), whereas those involved in the nitrogen cycle were more affected (CV >17%). The findings provide guidance for scientific mariculture
Insights into the hydrogen-fueled bioreduction of vanadium(V) by marine<i> Shewanella</i> sp. FDA-1: Process and mechanism
No full textMicrobial-driven V(V) reduction plays a crucial role in its biogeochemical cycle, yet the mechanisms underlying this bioreduction remain inadequately understood. While the effectiveness of organic compounds as electron donors in facilitating bacterial reduction of V(V) has been established, the role of inorganic electron donors in initiating this process at the level of pure cultured bacteria has not been explored. In this study, we report on a marine Shewanella sp. FDA-1 that utilizes hydrogen (H-2) as an energy source to reduce V(V). In addition, the reduction mechanism was investigated through a combination of genomics, RT-qPCR, heterologous expression of key proteins, extracellular secretion analyses, and electron transfer activity assays. Our results demonstrate that H-2 serves as an effective electron donor, enabling Shewanella sp. FDA-1 to reduce V(V) across various salinities (2-7 %) and pH values (5-9). When exposed to 5 mM V(V), the presence of 1-20 mL of H-2 resulted in V(V) bioreduction rates ranging from 0.039 to 0.11 h(-1) (R-2 > 0.73). Amorphous V(IV) compounds were characterized as reduction products using XRD, XPS, FTIR, and SEM. Mechanistic studies indicate that the glutathione system, cytochromes, and extracellular substances such as riboflavin play important roles in V(V) reduction (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our findings reveal that the addition of H-2 and lactate triggers different response sequences among these three reduction pathways, suggesting distinct reduction mechanisms between organic and inorganic electron donors. These insights enhance our understanding of microbial vanadium transformation and provide valuable guidance for developing novel H2-based remediation technologies for vanadium-contaminated environments
Field and numerical investigation of groundwater flow and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) dynamics in a sandy nearshore aquifer
No full textNutrients delivered to the coastal ocean via submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can have a major impact on marine ecosystems. The flux of nutrients delivered via this pathway can be modified by biogeochemical processes occurring in coastal nearshore aquifers. This study combines field investigations with numerical simulations to characterize patterns of groundwater flow, salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a permeable nearshore aquifer and to quantify SGD and associated DIN fluxes to the ocean. At the field study site, an upper saline plume (USP) and saltwater wedge with low DIN concentrations were observed together with a fresh groundwater zone with high DIN concentrations. Seawater infiltration predominantly occurred in the intertidal zone, contributing 85% of the total infiltration, with the greatest infiltration occurring in the upper-middle intertidal zone. The simulations indicate that the USP expanded and contracted through the tidal cycle, and the width of the high-DIN freshwater discharge zone also varying. The freshwater discharge zone was narrower around the high tide period due to expansion of the overlying low-DIN zone associated with the USP. Over the simulated period, only approximately 30% of the DIN entering the nearshore aquifer ultimately discharged to the ocean. The findings of this combined field and numerical study are needed to inform future field and numerical investigations examining the fate of DIN in nearshore aquifers
Synergistic effects of ocean acidification and sulfamethoxazole on immune function, energy allocation, and oxidative stress in Trochus niloticus
No full textOcean acidification, a major consequence of climate change, poses significant threats to marine organisms, particularly when combined with other environmental stressors such as chemical pollution. This study investigated the physiological responses of Trochus niloticus to a 28-day exposure of ocean acidification and/or sulfamethoxazole, a commonly detected antibiotic in the South China Sea. Exposure to either acidification or sulfamethoxazole individually triggered adaptive responses through immune activation, antioxidant reactions, and metabolic adjustments. However, concurrent exposure resulted in significant adverse effects, including compromised immunity, oxidative damage, and disrupted energy budget. These findings provide new insights into how ocean acidification interacts with antibiotic pollution to synergistically impact marine gastropods, suggesting that multiple stressors may pose greater threats to T. niloticus populations than single stressors alone
Three-way crossed scallops between <i>Argopecten</i> <i>irradians irradians</i>, <i>A. i. concentricus </i>and <i>A. purpuratus</i> exhibit strong heterosis in growth, survival and temperature tolerance
No full textThe bay scallops, including the northern subspecies Argopecten irradians irradians (NN) and southern subspecies A. i. concentricus (SS), are economically important cultured bivalves in China. Due to their hermaphroditic nature, the currently farmed bay scallops often suffered from significant inbreeding depression characterized by slow growth, high mortality and low-stress tolerance, especially in the hot summers. In this study, to further improve the production performance and stress resistance of bay scallops, we first conducted a two-way intraspecific hybridization between the two subspecies of the bay scallops (NN and SS), and then hybridized the two-way hybrids with the Peruvian scallop, A. purpuratus (PP) and obtained two three-way hybrids, NSP and SNP. During embryonic and larval stages, both two three-way hybrids exhibited higher fertilization rate, hatching rate and metamorphosis rate, larger initial D-larvae size, and faster embryonic development and larvae growth than those of their parental stocks. The two three-way crossed hybrids displayed excellent heterosis in both growth and survival at larval stage. Both egg origin and mating strategy had significant effects on growth at the larval stage, while the survival rate was mainly dictated by mating strategy. At adult grow-out stage, the heteroses in NSP and SNP cohorts were 12.36 and 19.92 in shell height, 40.37 and 53.27 in whole body weight, and 13.73 and 21.13 in survival rate at harvest, respectively. Moreover, temperature stress tolerance was significantly improved in the three-way crossed scallops. The gonads of most three-way crossed hybrids seemed to be morphologically and functionally females, although the fertility of eggs was very low, suggesting that more energy would be allocated for growth and survival. Notably, the genetic diversity was increased in both three-way hybrids. Therefore, the three-way crossed scallops are potentially precious breeding material for selecting new scallop strains and can be potentially widely cultured along both the southern and northern China coasts
Advance on the effects of algal carotenoids on inflammatory signaling pathways
No full textThe development of inflammation has an indispensable importance in the self-protection of the human body. However, over-inflammation may damage human health, and inflammatory pathways and inflammasomes have a significant impact on the onset of inflammation. Therefore, how to constrain the development of inflammation through inflammatory pathways or inflammasomes becomes a hot research issue. Carotenoids are a natural pigment and an active substance in algae, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Many studies have shown that carotenoids have inhibitory effects on the inflammatory pathways and inflammasomes. In this review, we discussed the mechanism of carotenoids targeting those important inflammatory pathways and their effects on common inflammasome NLRP3 and inflammation-related diseases from the perspective of several inflammatory pathways, including p38 MAPK, IL-6/JAK/STAT3, and PI3K, with a focus on the targets and targeting effects of carotenoids on different inflammatory signaling pathways, and at last proposed possible antiinflammatory targets
Influences of marine biofouling on the potential responses of polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes
No full textUsing polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for reliable long-term marine environmental observations is still a challenge due to the formation of biofilms on electrode surfaces. Unfortunately, the contributions of the specific biofilm components to sensor failure have not been studied. Herein, the influences of the specific biofilm components on the performance of the neutral carrier-based polymeric membrane ISEs are systematically investigated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. More importantly, the spatial distributions of these foulants in the fouled sensing membrane phase are studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy for the first time to give insight into the fouling mechanisms. Three typical biochemicals (i.e., proteins, polysaccharides, microbial lipids) in biofilms are selected as the representative foulants. The poly (vinyl chloride)-based CO32-ISEs and K+-ISEs/Ca2+-ISEs have been selected as the model sensors for detection of anions and cations, respectively. Experiments show that depending on the type of the biofoulants, the adsorption of the foulants on the polymeric membrane surface and/or their extraction into the organic membrane phase could occur and induce a change in the potential responses. This study provides a deep insight into the influences of the specific biofilm components on the polymeric membrane ISEs, which is of importance for development of the polymeric membrane marine sensors with high antifouling capabilities for long-term marine monitoring
Efficient purification and excitation energy transfer characterization of phycoerythrin 545 from<i> Rhodomonas</i> sp.
No full textCryptomonad phycoerythrin 545 (PE545) is an important type of phycobiliprotein in basic research and technological innovations. Herein, we report a minimalistic hydrophobic chromatography method for its purification. High purity was achieved, with a purity ratio (A545/A280) of 13.66 and a recovery ratio of 78.63 %. Following SDS-PAGE, Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining revealed three bands at 9 kDa, 10 kDa, and 20 kDa, corresponding to alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta subunits. Multiple spectral characteristics were analyzed to ensure that optical activity was consistent with that of the natural protein. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of purified PE545 displayed a strong absorption peak at 545 nm, a shoulder peak at 564 nm, and a fluorescence emission peak at 587 nm, which confirmed unchanged energy transfer properties. Furthermore, the structural and functional integrity, especially the existence of strongly coupled central chromophore pairs with excitation delocalization, was verified by circular dichroism and ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. From the studies of ultrafast absorption spectroscopy of excitation energy transfer (EET) of PE545, four decay components with lifetimes at 0.5 ps, 2.2 ps, 63 ps, and 3000 ps were obtained. In addition, the dynamics of these components confirmed the EET pathways from the central PEB chromophore pairs to the peripheral pigments and localized in the lowest state. Our work will be of considerable value for both fundamental research and applications of PE545
Water and sediment regulation eluting and washland planting lead to nitrogen increase in the lower reaches of the Yellow River
No full textThe Yellow River is an important agricultural production base in China, plays a key role in terrestrial sea transport and nitrogen transformation. However, the reason for the transient nitrogen increase in the lower Yellow River remains unclear. This study explored the contributions to transient nitrogen elevation from the water column, suspended particulate matter, surface sediments in the lower Yellow River, and washland soils along it throughout the water and sediment regulation event in 2023. Results indicated that the average dissolved nitrate concentrations in the lower Yellow River were 1.38 and 1.12 times higher before and during water and sediment regulation than after, because of excess reactive nitrogen elution from the beach by the water and sediment regulation. The nitrogen release risk was low in suspended particulate matter and surface sediments (ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.007-0.033 mg center dot g- 1) but high in soil (average ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.092 mg center dot g- 1). Leaching results indicated that nitrate concentration in the water was not significantly influenced by the reduction in suspended particulate matter or surface sediments. In contrast, in soil S-13 (ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.371 mg center dot g- 1), the estimated leaching rate of nitrate averaged 14.74 %, and ion exchangeable form nitrogen accounted for 19.25 % of total nitrogen, with 76.56 % of ion exchangeable form nitrogen leached. Therefore, the water and sediment regulation elution and the continuous leaching of nitrogen from washland soils around the lower Yellow River notably increased the nitrogen concentration in the lower Yellow River