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Slowdown of Shirase Glacier, East Antarctica, caused by strengthening alongshore winds
Get PDFAround large parts of West Antarctica and in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, increased wind-forced intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) onto the continental shelf have been associated with mass loss over the last few decades. Despite considerable seasonal variability, observations in 2018 have also confirmed relatively high basal melt rates of up to 16 m a−1 underneath the Shirase ice tongue in Enderby Land, East Antarctica. These high basal melt rates are also caused by intrusions of mCDW onto the continental shelf, but the catchment of Shirase Glacier has been gaining mass, a trend often attributed to increased precipitation. Here, we document the dynamical ocean-driven slowdown, ice surface thickening and grounding line advance of Shirase Glacier in response to strengthening easterly winds that reduce mCDW inflow and decrease basal melt rates. Our findings are significant because they demonstrate that warm ice shelf cavity regimes are not universally associated with glacier acceleration and mass loss in Antarctica, and they highlight the overlooked role of the impact of easterly winds in the recent mass gain of the Shirase Glacier catchment
Notes on the Localization of Generalized Hexagonal Cellular Networks
Get PDFThe act of accessing the exact location, or position, of a node in a network is known as the localization of a network. In this methodology, the precise location of each node within a network can be made in the terms of certain chosen nodes in a subset. This subset is known as the locating set and its minimum cardinality is called the locating number of a network. The generalized hexagonal cellular network is a novel structure for the planning and analysis of a network. In this work, we considered conducting the localization of a generalized hexagonal cellular network. Moreover, we determined and proved the exact locating number for this network. Furthermore, in this technique, each node of a generalized hexagonal cellular network can be accessed uniquely. Lastly, we also discussed the generalized version of the locating set and locating number
“I never told my family I was grieving for my mom”: The not‐disclosing‐grief experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults in Chinese families
Get PDFIn bereavement literature, the significance of open communication within the family is often highlighted. However, in recent years, scholars have noticed the complexity of grief communication in the family, especially challenges and obstacles to sharing grief. Our study seeks to contribute to the research by offering a deeper understanding of the grief-sharing experiences of parentally bereaved adolescents and young adults from China, a family-centered society with strong traditions of treating bereavement and grief as taboo. We used a narrative approach to analyze 82 interviews with 44 participants. We found that almost all the participants, regardless of their gender, parent's gender, cause of death, or time since loss, indicated that they never shared grief with other family members. Specifically, three themes emerged from the analysis. “Holding back tears during the funeral” reflects participants' struggle to protect the family (especially the surviving parent) through hiding their grief during the family crisis. “Pretending no grief at all after loss” shows how participants intentionally avoided any grief conversations within the family to not trigger others' grief. In addition, “Keeping grief secret as a family rule” indicates how Chinese families powerfully guided and influenced participants in avoiding the open expression of their grief. Our findings have drawn attention to the not-disclosing-grief experiences of bereaved adolescents and young adults in the Chinese context and the role of the family in it, therefore, calling for further support for bereaved young people, either within the family or through professional services
Connecting and reconnecting: a phenomenological study of the meanings that extra care tenants attribute to using the internet for social contact
Get PDFPurpose – This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of a group of extra care tenants, who, as novice internet users, began to maintain their social relationships online. Housing transitions in later life may jeopardise existing social relationships, leading to loneliness and social isolation. More recently, Covid-19 restrictions have limited familial face-to-face contact and wider social interactions. Thus extra care tenants, who are not already online, may benefit from acquiring internet skills. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the participants’ transition from novices to experienced internet users and the impact on their social relationships and sense of self.Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal, hermeneutic phenomenological study was conducted over eight months in two extra care housing schemes in north east England. Ten participants (56-98 years) with age-related physical, sensory and cognitive losses were recruited to the study. A series of semi structured interviews and participant diaries captured. the participants’ experience as they developed internet skills and communicated online.Findings - All participants, including a blind individual, learned to communicate online. Personalised adaptive strategies, peer support, training and management involvement. facilitated internet uptake. Participants felt their social relationships were supported and they regained biographical continuity, through being and feeling they belonged in the modern digital world.Originality/value – The online experiences of extra care tenants are rarely voiced. Their perceptions may assist others to engage online, maintaining social connections which could otherwise be lost
Statistical Characterization of the Dynamic Near-Earth Plasma Sheet Relative to Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) Wave Growth at Substorm Onset
Get PDFMagnetospheric substorms are a complex phenomenon. During the initial stages of a substorm a variety of important processes occur in near-Earth space within a span of several minutes. The relative timing and links between these processes are critical to understanding how, where and when substorms may occur. One of the first observed signatures at substorm onset is the exponential increase in ULF (Ultra-Low Frequency) wave power in the near-Earth magnetotail (e.g., −7.5 ≤ XGSM ≤ −12.5 RE). We use the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft to examine the conditions in the magnetotail plasma sheet before, during and after local ULF wave growth. Prior to the ULF wave growth, the magnetotail stretches with convectional flows dominating. We then find strong earthward and azimuthal flows that peak at a similar time to the peak ULF wave power. These flows are found to be faster in the mid-tail (−10 ≤ XGSM ≤ −12.5 RE) than the near-tail (−7.5 ≤ XGSM ≤ −10 RE). Examining the local plasma energy density (magnetic, thermal and kinetic), we find no statistical decrease that could explain the exponentially growing ULF waves, in fact the local energy density is found to increase. This suggests that there may be an injection of energy from elsewhere in the magnetotail. Following the peak ULF wave power the tail is seen to dipolarize, and the local energy density is enhanced
The Role of Sleep Effort as a Mediator Between Anxiety and Depression
Get PDFDepression, anxiety, and insomnia are all conditions that share a complex bidirectional relationship. Sleep effort is a construct with cognitive and behavioral components that perpetuates insomnia. Although many studies have examined the associations between these three variables, no studies have yet examined sleep effort as a mediating variable between anxiety and depression and vice versa. Online versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale were administered to a sample of 1927 higher education students aged 18–40 years (75.9% women and 76% from 18 to 23 years old). As part of the survey, participants also completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. Mediation analysis indicated that sleep effort mediates the relationship between depression and anxiety, when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion. Moreover, sleep effort also mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression when the former was the predictor and the latter was the criterion, albeit in a lesser extent. Sleep effort appears to play a bidirectional mediational role between depression and anxiety, being a potential target for intervention
Customer engagement in idea contests: Emotional and behavioral consequences of idea rejection
Get PDFIdea contests are well-accepted and cost-efficient approaches to tap the creativity of customers. At the same time, idea contests enable customer engagement, defined as voluntary resource provision beyond financial patronage. However, although much research has been devoted to the factors that motivate consumers to participate in such contests, research that investigates how idea rejection as a stressor affects future engagement behavior is comparatively rare. This research draws on cognitive dissonance literature combined with stress appraisal theory to explain rejection-induced emotional and behavioral consequences. Study 1 assesses the different effects of company appreciation of customer engagement (i.e., idea acceptance vs. rejection) in an experimental setting and tests emotional reactions to rejection as a stressor, as well as the moderating effects of firm acknowledgment. Study 2, which was organized as a randomized field experiment, is devoted to assessing differences in firm acknowledgment versus individualized firm feedback in a real-world setting. Taken together, the studies show that the way rejection is communicated is important. The findings have important theoretical and managerial implications for service management and for stimulating customer engagement through idea contest initiatives
The Building as a Palimpsest: Heritage, Memory and Adaptive Reuse Beyond Intervention. Insights from the San Girolamo Former Asylum in Volterra
Get PDFPurpose (limit 100 words) This paper contributes to this special issue on the ethics and aesthetics of adaptive reuse with a reflection on the specific case of the reuse of those sites and buildings that can be regarded as ‘difficult’, ‘uncomfortable’, or ‘neglected’ heritage (Macdonal, 2009; Logan and Reeves, 2009; Pendlebury et al., 2018; Lanz, 2021). By doing so it is the author's intention to add to the most recent research-driven and theory-oriented strand of the contemporary architectural debate on adaptive reuse (Lanz and Pendlebury, 2022). They also intend to encourage increased research engagement within such a debate, both across disciplines and with methods and approaches that may be able to bring in greater critical consideration of the more-than-architectural aspects involved in adaptive reuse practices. Design/methodology/approach (limit 100 words) Building equally on literature on the subject and extensive field work, the paper works through one paradigmatic example – the San Girolamo mental asylum in Volterra, Italy – to discuss the ramifications of adaptive reuse processes in place-based memory and heritage practices. It deploys a hybrid format, in between a research paper and a visual essay, combining observations and field notes with theory-driven reflections complemented by a rich photographic apparatus. The main case study is introduced at the beginning of the paper, drawing on site visits, interviews, and archival research. It is then discussed via the metaphor of the building as palimpsest, paying key attention to its current status of abandonment, to explore the significance of this built heritage in both its materiality and meanings. Findings (limit 100 words) The paper concludes by expanding on how the case of the San Girolamo former asylum both showcases and advocates the need for developing more creative, explorative, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approaches and methodologies to the study and implementation of adaptive reuse ‘beyond intervention’. Originality/value (limit 100 words) This paper draws on and contributes to the more recent research-driven and theory-oriented corpus of studies focussing on adaptive reuse
Stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: how can the COVID-19 pandemic inform our understanding and treatment of acute insomnia?
Get PDFStress and sleep are very closely linked, and stressful life events can trigger acute insomnia. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is highly likely to represent one such stressful life event. Indeed, a wide range of cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the pandemic is associated with poor sleep and sleep disturbances. Given the high economic and health burden of insomnia disorder, strategies that can prevent and treat acute insomnia, and also prevent the transition from acute insomnia to insomnia disorder, are necessary. This narrative review outlines why the COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful life event, and why activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, as a biological marker of psychological stress, is likely to result in acute insomnia. Further, this review outlines how sleep disturbances might arise as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and why simultaneous hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis measurement can inform the pathogenesis of acute insomnia. In particular, we focus on the cortisol awakening response as a marker of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function, as cortisol is the end-product of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. From a research perspective, future opportunities include identifying individuals, or particular occupational or societal groups (e.g. frontline health staff), who are at high risk of developing acute insomnia, and intervening. From an acute insomnia treatment perspective, priorities include testing large-scale online behavioural interventions; examining if reducing the impact of stress is effective and, finally, assessing whether “sleep vaccination” can maintain good sleep health by preventing the occurrence of acute insomnia, by preventing the transition from acute insomnia to insomnia disorder
‘Safe spaces and places’: the value of design-led methodologies in developing online narratives
Get PDFThis paper considers the value of a design-led methodological approach, adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate online interviews with young people (aged 15-17) who had been involved in crime and violence in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. The development of an original digital workshop and set of exercises (referred to as a tool) using interactive methods engaged criminalised youths online and gathered qualitative data regarding their experiences of crime and violence. The research demonstrated how principles of design can be used to empower participants, overcome communication barriers, obtain rich data through online methods, and move away from a traditional ‘interview’ experience, creating a safer space for more genuine accounts and narratives. Thus, this paper suggests that researchers of youth crime and violence, and social scientists more broadly, may wish to consider how adopting design-led methodologies can allow places and spaces for participants’ narratives to develop