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Isolation, Identification and Pathogenic Effects of Trichoderma spp. from Auricularia auricula
Get PDFAuricularia auricula, one of the most important edible mushrooms, is affected heavily by Trichoderma. We collected the diseased samples from the main A.auricula cultivation regions to characterize the pathogen and study the effect of Trichoderma spp. on A.auricula species. We identified one Trichoderma species, T.pleuroticola, based on the internal transcribed spacer and morphology characteristics and two types of A.auricula strains, Heiwei 15 (HW 15) and Hei 29 (H 29) were tested in this work. The growth rate of T.pleuroticola was 3.26-3.52 times higher than that of A.auricula and advantageously competed for living space and nutrients. In confrontation culture, T.pleuroticola completely inhibited the mycelium growth of A.auricula and grew on it, resulting in a diverse impact on HW 15 and H 29. In addition, T.pleuroticola can produce metabolites with antibacterial activity. The inhibition rate of volatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 13.46 and 10.44, and the inhibition rate of nonvolatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 36.04 and 31.49, respectively. Further analysis showed that these antifungal activities inhibiting Auricularia auricula growth were mainly attributed to the organic compounds from T.pleuroticola, nonanal, tyrosine, beta-sitosterol, and wortmannin. In short, T. pleuroticola was a highly pathogenic fungi in the production of A.auricula
Recyclable thermosets based on modified epoxy-amine network polymers
Get PDFThe development of high performance, recyclable thermoset materials for applications in plastics, composites, coatings and adhesives requires a synthetic approach where recyclability is designed into the molecular structure of the material. This paper describes a single stage process for the creation of materials from simple, low-cost molecular building blocks, where the polymerisation of liquid epoxy resins and aliphatic amines in the presence of an n-butyl diboronic ester, delivers epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane materials with tunable physical properties including glass transition temperature (Tg). Mechanical (thermal) recycling and reprocessing of the epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane thermoset is demonstrated, with retention of Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Most notably, an efficient and low-cost process for the chemical recycling, disassembly and dissolution of the thermoset is demonstrated via two complementary processes using either pinacol (diol) or mono-functional phenylboronic ester
Competition Between Desired Competitive Result, Tolerable Homeostatic Disturbance and Psychophysiological Interpretation Determines Pacing Strategy
Get PDFScientific interest in pacing goes back >100 years. Contemporary interest, both as a feature of athletic competition and as a window into understanding fatigue, goes back >30 years. Pacing represents the pattern of energy use designed to produce a competitive result while managing fatigue of different origins. Pacing has been studied both against the clock and during head-to-head competition. Several models have been used to explain pacing, including the teleoanticipation model, the central governor model, the anticipatory-feedback-rating of perceived exertion model, the concept of a learned template, the affordance concept, the integrative governor theory, and as an explanation for “falling behind.” Early studies, mostly using time-trial exercise, focused on the need to manage homeostatic disturbance. More recent studies, based on head-to-head competition, have focused on an improved understanding of how psychophysiology, beyond the gestalt concept of rating of perceived exertion, can be understood as a mediator of pacing and as an explanation for falling behind. More recent approaches to pacing have focused on the elements of decision making during sport and have expanded the role of psychophysiological responses including sensory-discriminatory, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative dimensions. These approaches have expanded the understanding of variations in pacing, particularly during head-to-head competition
Analysis-oriented model for partially FRP-and-steel-confined circular RC columns under compression
Get PDFEven though analysis-oriented models exist to simulate the axial and dilation behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) full confinement arrangements, a reliable model developed/calibrated for FRP partially imposed confinements is not yet available, identified as a research gap. Therefore, this paper is dedicated to the development of a new analysis-oriented model generalized for fully and partially confined RC columns under compression. In addition to vertical arching action phenomenon, the influence of the concrete expansion distribution along the column height on confining stress is considered in the establishment of the combined confinement from FRP strips and steel transverse reinforcements. A new unified dilation model is proposed, where the substantial effect of additional axial deformations induced by damage evolution in unwrapped zones is formulated by considering available experimental results. This model is coupled with an axial stress-strain formulation that includes a new failure surface function for simulating the dual confinement-induced enhancements, which are strongly dependent on the confinement stiffness. The developed model considers the influence of partially imposed confinement strategy on the axial and dilation behavior of RC columns, whose validation is demonstrated by simulating several experimental tests. Lastly, a parametric study is performed to evidence the dependence of FRP-steel confinement-induced enhancements on steel hoop and FRP spacing, and on the concrete compressive strength
Special Issue on “Modelling, Monitoring, Control and Optimization for Complex Industrial Processes”
Get PDFIndustrial automation systems, such as chemical processes, manufacturing processes, power networks, transportation systems, sustainable energy systems, wireless sensor networks, robotic systems, and biomedical systems, are becoming more complex ..
Mindfulness and Imagery Enhanced Behavioral Parenting: Effectiveness Pilot of the Confident Carers Cooperative Kids Program
Get PDFMindfulness is increasingly offered to parents of children presenting with behavioral problems, either as a stand-alone intervention, or integrated within existing behavioral parenting interventions. There is relatively modest support for mindful parenting, with small to medium effect size improvements demonstrated across child and parent outcome measures. Here we introduce a mindfulness and imagery enhanced behavioral parenting program. We argue blending mindfulness, imagery and behavioral skills could produce improved parenting engagement and perseverance, leading to stronger outcomes. Pilot data is presented from two contrasting real world clinical settings. Parents attending the 8-week Confident Carers Cooperative Kids (CCCK) group program in a university clinic setting were invited to be included in the study (n = 20). Permission was also gained to use archival data from a community organisation offering CCCK groups to parents who were at risk of child welfare involvement (n = 14). Pre- and post-intervention measures were completed across both groups on parent-reported child behavior, parent wellbeing, adaptive parenting, and mindful parenting. Parents from both groups achieved significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in child behavior problems, parent wellbeing, adaptive parenting, and mindful parenting, with large effect sizes. Larger improvements in child behavior problems were reported by parents from the community group compared with the university group. The CCCK intervention appears beneficial across child and parent outcomes, including for families most in need. A larger sample is required to replicate and extend these promising findings
Institutional change and property rights before the Industrial Revolution: the case of the English Court of Wards and Liveries, 1540-1660
Get PDFSecure property rights are usually considered to be essential for sustained economic development; in England, it is debated whether property rights had been secure since the medieval period or if they were only established after the Glorious Revolution. In this context, the paper examines the Court of Wards, which from 1540 to 1646 administered the Crown’s right to take custody of children and their lands when these were held by feudal-military tenures. The paper shows that wardship was a common occurrence, its exactions arbitrary but often heavy, and that it reduced the value of lands held by these tenures
Multifunctional ultralight, recoverable, piezoresistive, and super thermal insulating SiC nanowire sponges
Get PDFUltralight three-dimensional (3D) architectured silicon carbide (SiC) nanowire sponges with integrated properties of recoverable compressibility, outstanding high-temperature thermal and chemical stability, and fire-retardance have been actively pursued in recent years. However, efficient construction of SiC nanowire sponges with well-controlled overall shapes and distribution of SiC nanowires remains challenging. Herein, by coupling the electrospinning technique and carbothermal reduction process, we have developed a new fabrication process for highly porous and free-standing 3D SiC nanowire (SiCNW) sponges with closely attached nanowires through thermal treatment of stacked electrospun PAN/SiO2 nanofiber membranes. The resulting SiCNW sponges possess ultralow density (∼29 mg cm−3), excellent compressive recoverability from large compressive deformation (up to 40% strain), and fatigue resistance, which endow them with excellent piezoresistive sensing capability under a variety of complex conditions. Furthermore, the sponges display superb thermal insulation (thermal conductivity of 24 mW m−1K−1) and fire-retardance. We believe that the present process provides technical clues for the development of other multifunctional ceramic sponges, and that further development of these ultralight multifunctional ceramic sponges offers potential for the design of advanced components for application in harsh engineering environments
“We’re All the Same and We Love Football.” Experiences of Players and Facilitators Regarding a Collaborative, Inclusive Football Program Between Academy and Special Olympics Footballers
Get PDFThis study provides insight into an inclusive program between Special Olympics (SO) and academy football (soccer) players in the United Kingdom from the perspectives of players and facilitators. Qualitative focus groups were conducted across 30 participants (six facilitators, 14 Premier League academy players, and 10 SO players). Focus groups compared stakeholders’ experiences of participating in a season-long inclusive football program. Three overarching higher order themes were generated, which highlighted positive outcomes from taking part. SO players provided endorsement for developing friendships and improving football skills, whereas academy players cited the positive impact that SO players had on their mood and motivation. Facilitators reflected on positive player outcomes and subsequent accomplishments. Overall, the findings indicated that this shared experience had psychosocial and football-specific benefits for everyone who participated. Facilitators indicated that these benefits could transition into everyday life but noted that there needs to be further considerations for future programs
Librarians, Agency, Young People, and Comics: Graphic Account and the Development of Graphic Novel Collections in Libraries in Britain in the 1990s
Get PDFIn the mid to late twentieth century in Britain, the comics medium was often wrongly characterized as only aimed at and suitable for children and young people. Equally inaccurately, the medium was simultaneously seen by many adults, whether parents or professionals, as sometimes dangerous for that audience. When combined, these contradictory views created tensions around understandings of both childhood and comics. These tensions can be understood in various ways, but in this chapter the approach is to describe a series of interrelations and shifting networks of relationships between groups of actors, in line with actor-network theory as developed by Bruno Latour and others (Law and Moser 2002).These actors include people in various roles, objects (comics and graphic novels),institutions (whether government, the library, or the family), and concepts (child-hood, morality, and literacy). Initially, agency was located with adult professionals in this evolving media configuration, but as the chapter explores, this becomes a network where “it is no longer easy to determine the locus of agency, to point to one place and say with certainty that action emerges from that point rather than from somewhere else”(Law and Moser 2002, 3). Both agency and network can be argued to have shifted in response to the various actors involved in the assemblage Graphic Account(Barker 1993), where the action emerged from a number of points, both human and textua