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The predictive role of childhood maltreatment for long-term HPA axis regulation, chronic stress and postpartum depression
No full textBackground
Childhood maltreatment increases the risk for mental disorders, including postpartum depression (PPD). Outside the peripartum period, attenuated long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and perceived chronic stress are discussed as potential mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) enables the detection of long-term changes in HPA axis regulation. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of HCC in linking childhood maltreatment with symptoms of PPD.
Methods
We measured childhood maltreatment, symptoms of PPD and chronic stress via online questionnaires in N = 111 individuals 12 months after childbirth. Current and past major depressive episodes were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. To determine HCC from months 09–12 postpartum, participants provided self-collected hair samples. Mediated regression models examined the role of HCC and chronic stress for the relation between childhood maltreatment and PPD symptoms.
Results
Childhood maltreatment predicted higher levels of PPD symptoms and chronic stress, and was associated with higher rates of a current depressive episode, but not with HCC. Perceived chronic stress mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and symptoms of PPD.
Interpretation
Individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment are highly vulnerable to adverse mental health outcomes in the postpartum period. Perceived chronic stress may be an important underlying pathway, while neuroendocrinological mechanisms linking CM and PPD remain poorly understood. Longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of the pathways between CM and PPD, thereby enabling the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies
Desert pavements: A hidden key to Earth surface processes
No full textDesert pavements are a global phenomenon in arid environments, representing one of the most extensive geomorphological and geoecological features on Earth. To a large extent, they determine the interplay of key processes governing current and past landscape dynamics including landform evolution, surface runoff, soil water dynamics, weathering and soil formation, microbial processes, dust deposition and entrainment into the atmosphere. Hence, desert pavements and their future trajectories of change have a strong local to global impact on coupled Earth system components. However, knowledge of the comprehensive role that desert pavements play in the Earth surface–atmosphere system is still limited, and a profound interdisciplinary understanding of their evolution, spatial extent, microbiological processes, and inherent environmental feedback mechanisms is lacking. This article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of desert pavements as an important Earth system component and offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the key processes interacting within desert pavements, which improves our understanding of the role and importance of desert pavements within the Earth system
Persönlichkeitsfunktion
No full textDimensional assessment of personality functioning (PF) plays a pivotal role in modern conceptualizations of psychopathology and is recognized as a central criterion for personality disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11. This paper provides an overview of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of PF, including its link to early relational experiences and personality dynamics. Emerging evidence suggests PF as a promising framework in debates around a general factor of psychopathology, offering consistency and clarity in understanding transdiagnostic severity as well as specific clinical phenotypes. Clinically, PF serves as a flexible and evidence-based framework for tailoring interventions to individual needs, transcending theoretical orientations and intervention methods. Open questions remain, for example, regarding the interaction of PF with personality traits, relational patterns, and treatment processes.Die dimensionale Diagnostik von Persönlichkeitsfunktion (PF) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in modernen Konzepten der Psychopathologie und wird als zentrales Kriterium für Persönlichkeitsstörungen in DSM-5 und ICD-11 anerkannt. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die konzeptionellen und theoretischen Grundlagen von PF, einschließlich ihres Zusammenhangs mit frühen Beziehungserfahrungen und Persönlichkeitsdynamik. Studienergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass PF ein vielversprechender Rahmen für Diskussionen um einen allgemeinen Faktor der Psychopathologie ist, und bietet Konsistenz und Klarheit beim transdiagnostisches Verständnis von Schweregradabschätzungen sowie spezifischen klinischen Phänotypen. Klinisch kann PF über unterschiedliche theoretische Orientierungen und Interventionsmethoden hinweg als flexibler und evidenzbasierter Rahmen für die Anpassung von Interventionen an individuelle Bedürfnisse verwendet werden. Offene Fragen bestehen unter anderem hinsichtlich der Interaktion von PF mit Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, Beziehungsmustern und Behandlungsprozessen
Comparative analysis of colonization and survival strategies of regionally predominant LA-MRSA clones ST398 and ST9
No full textLivestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) displays distinct geographical distribution patterns, with ST398 predominating in Europe and ST9 being the dominant lineage in Asia, particularly China. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the cell adhesion capacity, anti-phagocytic properties, and porcine nasal colonization potential of ST9 and ST398 strains isolated from China and Germany. Colonization dynamics and characteristics were further explored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis. Our findings revealed that LA-MRSA ST398 strains exhibited superior colonization capabilities, including enhanced cell adhesion, increased resistance to macrophage-mediated killing, and a stronger impact on nasal microbiota stability. Transcriptomic analyses during colonization indicated that ST398 strains prioritized pathways related to genome repair and amino acid metabolism, whereas ST9 strains, particularly those isolated from China, focused on carbohydrate metabolism. Although ST9 strains showed relatively weaker colonization capacity, the epidemic Chinese ST9 isolates carried multiple resistance genes [fexA, tet(L), and aadE-spw-lsa(E)-lnu(B)], exhibiting broad resistance to clinically important antibiotics including tylosin, florfenicol, and tetracyclines. This suggests that their prevalence in China may be maintained through antimicrobial selection pressure. With the implementation of stricter antibiotic use regulations in Chinese livestock production, ST398, due to its robust colonization potential, is likely to replace ST9 as the dominant LA-MRSA clone gradually
Photomediated C–H trifluoromethoxylations enabled by bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide
No full textWe describe a photomediated protocol for the trifluoromethoxylation of benzylic, aldehydic, and non-activated C–H bonds, using bis(trifluoromethyl)peroxide (BTMP, (F3CO)2) as the key reagent. Under catalyst-free conditions in acetone, this reaction proceeds with selective functionalization of benzylic methylene groups. Furthermore, by using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate as a photocatalyst, the scope extends to include both non-activated methylene C(sp3)–H and formyl C(sp2)–H bonds. The methodology was successfully applied to 24 examples including odorants, pharmaceuticals, and natural products and was demonstrated on gram scale. Finally, by using [13C]-BTMP, the corresponding trifluoromethoxy groups can be site-specifically labeled with 13C
Biomechanik der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule des Pferdes und Einfluss chirurgischer Eingriffe im Bereich der Dornfortsätze
No full textThis study includes a literature review, detailing the different treatment options for horses with
clinically relevant overriding dorsal spinous processes. The experimental part of the research
further investigates the influence of pathological spinal conditions and spinal surgery on the
biomechanics of the equine thoracolumbar spine.
It was shown that the available evidence for different conservative and surgical treatment
options is currently limited. Results indicate that a combination of treatment options including
a targeted exercise program appears most promising for the individual patient. Surgical
approaches for the management of equine overriding dorsal spinous processes include the
desmotomy of the interspinous ligament and the dorsal spinous process ostectomy.
In an experimental setup using computed tomography, equine thoracolumbar spinal
biomechanics were first evaluated in equine spinal specimens without severe spinal pathology
as well as specimens with spondylosis or overriding dorsal spinous processes. Both
pathological conditions were associated with limited spinal mobility. Additionally, the influence
of spinal surgery on the biomechanics of the equine thoracolumbar spine was investigated.
Both the interspinous ligament desmotomy and the subtotal dorsal spinous process ostectomy
resulted in an increased range of motion during axial rotation but had no impact on
thoracolumbar flexion, extension, or lateral bending. Evidence for trauma to the epaxial
Musculi Multifidi following spinal surgery was identified in all cases and supports the
implementation of a postoperative rehabilitation program to strengthen the epaxial
musculature.
As the current study was carried out on spinal specimens without severe spinal pathology,
future research should focus on the investigation of the impact of surgery on the equine spine
affected by severe overriding dorsal spinous processes. The study was limited by the ex vivo
character and a small sample size. Therefore, long-term clinical studies with a larger sample
size investigating the consequences of spinal surgery for the equine patient would be of great
interest
Die Behandlung des sogenannten Hufkrebses des Pferdes durch Röntgenstrahlen
No full textDigitalisat der Ausgabe von 1916, erschienen 202
Spontaneous Transient Summit Uplift at Taftan Volcano (Makran Subduction Arc) Imaged Using an InSAR Common-Mode Filtering Method
No full textWe unambiguously document unrest at Taftan volcano. Summit uplift was detected using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar time series and its timing tightly constrained applying a new common mode filtering method. Uplift started and ended gradually lasting 10 months (July 2023 to May 2024). Uplift peaked at 11 cm/year rates, and during slowing-down several gas emission events occurred. Unrest was triggerless, uncorrelated with rainfall or seismic events. We favor internal driving processes with two possible scenarios: (a) dynamic hydrothermal alteration leading to permeability changes, shallow gas storage and pressurization, followed by opening of degassing pathways; or (b) a minor, undetected deep magmatic intrusion causing volatile exsolution and pore pressure increases within the hydrothermal system. Lack of post-unrest subsidence suggests persistence of hydrothermal high-pressure conditions at the summit and associated hazards. Our study shows how satellite imagery reveals hidden volcanic hazards at Taftan, and the need to implement a holistic volcano risk reduction strategy
Building Topography in a Continental Subduction Orogen: Insights From Geomorphic Analysis and 10Be Denudation Rates of the Albanides
No full textUnderstanding the relationship between surface and deep geological processes in tectonically active settings is crucial for unraveling the factors controlling landscape evolution and topographic growth. Here, we present the first basin-averaged 10Be-derived denudation rates for the Albanides, a subduction orogen in the Central Mediterranean. By integrating these data with topographic and fluvial analyses, we quantify Quaternary uplift rates and better constrain the spatial and temporal distribution of tectonic deformation, linking the existing long-term thermochronological data with short-term river incision rates. Denudation rates from nine basins range from 0.18 to 1.28 mm/yr, showing a general increase from the external compressional domain to the internal extensional domain. The denudation rates, calculated in catchments assumed to be in dynamic equilibrium and hence interpreted as proxies for uplift, reveal a consistent spatial pattern of tectonic uplift that aligns with active tectonic structures. Higher rates are observed in basins located at the hanging wall of thrust faults or at the footwall of normal faults. The imprint of active tectonics in the landscape is indicated by evidence of river network reorganisation and in the topography. A broad, across-strike increase in mean elevation, combined with local topographic variations along faults, suggests tectonic control on relief, modulated by lithological contrasts. We considered this uplift signal to be potentially controlled by a combination of both deep (e.g., crustal accretion) and shallow (i.e., surface faulting) processes. The former appears to drive the regional topographic pattern, while the latter contributes to localized uplift signals, enhanced denudation rates, and drainage reorganisation
Über die Verwendbarkeit des Providoforms in der Veterinärchirurgie
No full textDigitalisat der Ausgabe von 1919, erschienen 202