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Answer set programming for pattern generation in logical analysis of data
No full textLogical Analysis of Data (LAD) is a powerful technique for data classification based on partially defined Boolean functions. The decision rules for class prediction in LAD are formed out of patterns. According to different preferences in the classification problem, various pattern types have been defined. The generation of these patterns plays a key role in the LAD methodology and represents a computationally hard problem. In this article, we introduce a new approach to pattern generation in LAD based on Answer Set Programming (ASP), which can be applied to all common LAD pattern types
Agglutinated foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton proxies for age determination and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Cretaceous succession in the North Sudetic Cretaceous Basin (Germany)
No full textThe present study presents the findings of a comprehensive analysis of agglutinated foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton from drill core Spremberg Cu Sp 101/6, situated within the North Sudetic Cretaceous Basin in Germany. These results provide refined biostratigraphic data and contribute to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction for both surface and bottom water conditions in the studied region.
Several calcareous nannoplankton taxa facilitated the identification of specific biozones, including Eiffellithus eximius (UC8), Micula staurophora (UC10), and Lithastrinus grillii (UC11). Notably, M. staurophora and L. grillii display significantly earlier occurrences when correlated with inoceramid zonation, indicating a diachronous first appearance of these taxa.
Using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and taxonomical information, microfossil assemblages suggest that shallower, eutrophic conditions prevailed during the Cenomanian, whereas the Turonian was characterized by less diverse and poorly preserved assemblages. During the Coniacian, calcareous nannofossil assemblages indicate fluctuations between intervals of poor preservation and phases of increased assemblage diversity, probably associated with eutrophic conditions during the early Coniacian. This was followed by a transition to predominantly oligotrophic and deeper conditions during the middle to late Coniacian. Changes in the agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages likely reflect the grade of disturbance of bottom-water conditions mostly controlled by regional subsidence
Introducing new technologies while maintaining high reliability: Comparison of two hospitals
No full textIntroducing new technologies is a challenge to organizations that strive for reliability. With the help of practice theory and a special focus on resourcing practices, we conducted a qualitative case study on the introduction of two technologies in two German hospitals: one introducing a digital anesthesia documentation software, the other one a robot-assisted knee arthroplasty. Our findings illustrate that, to introduce such technologies, the organizations involved enacted specific practices, among them resourcing practices, in order to increase reliability during all steps of the introduction process. Our study also reveals that, throughout all phases, it is important to collaborate with the technology provider in order to acquire knowledge not only about the new technology, but also about the introduction process and to maintain reliability
High prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. and apparent trypanocidal drugs inefficacy in cattle in Al Radom National Park, Sudan
No full textTrypanosomosis is a major infectious disease affecting cattle in Sudan. In South Darfur, data on cattle trypanosomosis has been limited since the Darfur civil war (2003–2007). This study assessed the prevalence and distribution of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle in the tsetse fly endemic Al Radom National Park, and collected questionnaire data on trypanocide use and apparent efficacy. Blood from 509 cattle across four regions was analysed. Of these, 3.1%, 19.8% and 35.8% tested positive for trypanosomes by microscopy, buffy coat technique and PCR, respectively. At the regional level, prevalence was 50.0%, 42.9%, 27.3% and 22.9% in Al Radom Livestock Market, Kafindibei, Al Radom town and Murayrayah, respectively. Trypanosoma congolense savannah (15.7%), Trypanosoma vivax (9.6%), Trypanosoma brucei (0.8%) and Trypanosoma theileri (13.4%) were identified. Prevalence was significantly correlated with region and age (P < 0.05). Older cattle showed significantly higher prevalence (44.7%) than 1–3 years old (29.7%) and < 1 year old cattle (22.7%). Most cattle (86.8%) had received trypanocides within 30 days before sample collection, mainly diminazene aceturate, either alone or combined with isometamidium chloride and/or quinapyramine. Despite treatment, 30.7% were Trypanosoma-positive by PCR. In conclusion, trypanosomes are prevalent in Al Radom National Park, even in treated cattle, indicating apparent drug inefficacy, which requires further research and control measures
Cryogenic Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Deprotonated Dimer of Phosphoric Acid
No full textPhosphate-containing molecules are ubiquitous in nature, where they play crucial roles in biochemical processes. Further, they are of technical importance, for example, in certain batteries and in fuel cells, where a unique property of phosphoric acid is exploited─its exceptionally high proton conductivity. Proton transport in phosphoric acid is known to involve proton shuttling; however, the elementary steps involved are not clear. To elucidate the hydrogen bonding preferences of phosphoric acid, we investigate the dihydrogen phosphate anion as well as the deprotonated dimer of phosphoric acid (H3PO4·H2PO4–) in the gas phase using infrared action spectroscopy in helium nanodroplets and infrared D2-tagging photodissociation spectroscopy, and the experimental spectra are compared to theoretical ones. Theory finds for H3PO4·H2PO4– two different structures that are predicted to be nearly isoenergetic. The comparison to the experimental spectra, however, allows for a clear assignment and structure identification. The resulting structure has an interesting binding motif, which might be of relevance to interactions of phosphoric acid in the condensed phase and which can serve as a benchmark for quantum chemical calculations
Affektordnungen des Sozialen in der Gegenwartsliteratur
No full textKlassenzugehörigkeiten spielen für die Verortung des Einzelnen in der gesellschaftlichen Realität, aber auch für das Fühlen und das Erleben des Selbst vielfältige Rollen, denen hier mit Blick auf die (deutschsprachige) Gegenwartsliteratur nachgegangen wird.
Klasse ist oft mit „Kampf" und daher mit starken Gefühlen wie Wut und Hass, aber auch der Klassensolidarität verbunden worden. „Klassen.Gefühle" sind jedoch bei Weitem nicht nur diejenigen dieses nach außen, auf Aktivität und Veränderung gerichteten Registers – auch Erfahrungen der Marginalisierung oder der Scham gehören dazu, die sich bei denjenigen einstellen können, die einer diskriminierten Klasse zugeordnet werden. Dem gegenüber stehen Phänomene des Klassismus, die einerseits mit Abwertung anderer, andererseits aber auch mit der Entspanntheit der Arrivierten einhergehen können. Als besonders spannend erweisen sich schließlich Texte, in denen Gefühls- und Klassenwelten in Bewegung gebracht oder infrage gestellt werden.
Die Beiträge des Bandes bieten künstlerische Interventionen sowie Fallstudien zu einzelnen Texten und Autor*innen ebenso wie übergreifende Überlegungen dazu, wie vom Zusammenhang zwischen Klasse und Gefühl erzählt werden kann
Why Personnel Selection Should Target Job Performance AND Well‐Being
No full textIn this “Provocation Article”, we argue that the sole focus of personnel selection research and practice on job performance criteria represents a substantial limitation. While job performance remains a key outcome, employee well‐being is also relevant—both as an intrinsic value and as a predictor of important organizational outcomes such as turnover, absenteeism, and citizenship behavior. Given the solid evidence on individual differences and work‐related factors that influence employee well‐being, and drawing on ethical, legal, and economic arguments, we call for a paradigm shift: Well‐being should be treated as an explicit criterion in personnel selection. We outline five practical pathways for integrating well‐being into selection systems, including the use of well‐being‐related traits (which should be carefully matched to job‐specific demands), person–environment fit approaches, simulation‐based tools, communicating well‐being priorities to applicants, and using selection insights to inform onboarding and support. We also discuss four key challenges, such as the risk of discriminatory practices, balancing multiple criteria, and faking. Finally, we sketch a research agenda to guide future work on well‐being‐focused selection. Overall, we advocate for multi‐criteria selection systems that promote not only organizational performance but also human flourishing
T cells in common variable immunodeficiency disorders
No full textCommon variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) are the most frequent clinically relevant primary immunodefiency. Despite impaired humoral immunity, robust T cellular immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 and influenzavaccination were found. Quality and logevity of antibody responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is significantly impaired in CVID patients
Schmerzen bei Neuromyelitis Optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen und MOG-IgG-assoziierten Erkrankungen
No full textSchmerzen sind ein zentrales Symptom neuroimmunologischer Erkrankungen. Sie können bei Erkrankungsbeginn auftreten und lebenslang persistieren. Da Schmerzen schwer objektivierbar und pharmakologisch nur unzureichend zu behandeln sind, wurden sie wissenschaftlich und klinisch bisher jedoch unzureichend berücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit illustriert sowohl die diagnostische Relevanz akuter Schmerzen als auch die bio-psycho-soziale Bedeutung chronischer Schmerzen im Krankheitsverlauf von Neuromyelitis Optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen (Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, NMOSD) und Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein (MOG)-IgG-assoziierten Erkrankungen (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated diseases, MOGAD). Im Fokus liegen qualitative Analysen von Schmerzsyndromen, ihre Interrelation mit Depression und Lebensqualität sowie die Betrachtung bildgebender Korrelate
Environment, Technology, and Development
No full textHistories of environment and histories of technology have moved in exciting, interdisciplinary directions in recent years, with increasing recognition that both environments and technologies are made and remade, gaining meaning only in specific historical settings. With historical scholarship weighted towards examples from the North Atlantic world, this volume provides a collection of grounded case studies from across the modern world that interrogate the relationship between environment and technology in developmental practices and discourses. Development projects have often involved assumptions that humans can create and wield technology to harness, improve or protect the non-human environment. This volume will not simply discredit these assumptions by revealing their nefarious effects on our society and planet, but instead historicise them by locating them within specific power structures and epistemologies. The connections and conversations between dispersed cases raised here point us to more nuanced conclusions about the causes and effects, the objects and subjects of history, in this dynamic interaction between environment, technology, and development