Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Hollow multishelled structural ZnO fillers enhance the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries
No full textComposite polymer electrolyte (CPE) with ceramic fillers has gained great attention for lithium batteries with high energy density and safety. However, the agglomeration of ceramic fillers and weak polymer-ceramic interaction induces limited ionic conductivity and hinders its implementation. Here, hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) ZnO with a size range of 700 similar to 900 nm is designed as fillers for polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based CPE. Strong chemical and mechanical interaction between PEO and ZnO HoMS enable a high ionic conductivity and good electrochemical and mechanical stability. Wherein, double-shelled ZnO HoMS exhibits a good ionic conductivity of 1.04 x 10(-4) S center dot cm(-1) and 1.2 x 10(-3) S center dot cm(-1) at 30 degrees C and 60 degrees C. Additionally, all-solid-state LiFePO4/Li full cell adopted with ZnO HoMS filled CPE exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 169 mAh center dot g(-1) and good cycling stability and withstands abuse test. The enhanced performance is due to that HoMS provides PEO with faster ion transport channels, more effective Lewis acid-based interaction sites, suppressed PEO crystallinity, and improved ionic conductivity
Recovery of tungsten and titanium from spent SCR catalyst by sulfuric acid leaching process
No full textThe widespread use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts has resulted in a large accumulation of spent SCR catalysts. These spent catalysts present a significant risk of environmental hazards and potential for resource recovery. This paper presents a feasible process, which works using atmospheric pressure leaching, of tungsten and titanium recovery from spent SCR catalysts. In this new method, titanium and tungsten are simultaneously leached with sulfuric acid as the leaching agent. After hydrolysis and calcination, titanium-tungsten powder with low impurity and reconstructed pore properties was obtained. The optimal conditions for the leaching of Ti and W were as follows: temperature, 150 degrees C; reaction time, 60 min; H2SO4 concentration, 80 %; mass ratio of H2SO4/TiO2, 3:1; and diluted H2SO4 concentration, 20 % after reaction. With these optimum conditions, the leaching efficiency of Ti and W were found to be 95.92 % and 93.83 %, respectively. The ion speciation and reaction mechanism of W were studied by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and UV-vis. The formation of heteropolytungstate with a Keggin structure is essential for the synergistic leaching of Ti and W, as the heteropolytungstate can be stably dissolved in the acid solution. During the hydrolysis process, heteropolytungstate gradually decomposed into Ti4+ and WO42- due to the formation of insoluble Ti(OH)(4) from Ti4+ in the solution. This study demonstrated an effective method for synergistic recovery of titanium and tungsten from the spent SCR catalyst
Introducing High-Valence Iridium Single Atoms into Bimetal Phosphides toward High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution and Overall Water Splitting
No full textSingle atoms are superior electrocatalysts having high atomic utilization and amazing activity for water oxidation and splitting. Herein, this work reports a thermal reduction method to introduce high-valence iridium (Ir) single atoms into bimetal phosphide (FeNiP) nanoparticles toward high-efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting. The presence of high-valence single Ir atoms (Ir4+) and their synergistic interaction with Ni3+ species as well as the disproportionation of Ni3+ assisted by Fe collectively contribute to the exceptional OER performance. In specific, at appropriate Ir/Ni and Fe/Ni ratios, the as-prepared Ir-doped FeNiP (Ir-25-Fe16Ni100P64) nanoparticles at a mass loading of only 35 mu g cm(-2) show the overpotential as low as 232 mV at 10 mA cm(-2) and activity as high as 1.86 A mg(-1) at 1.5 V versus RHE for OER in 1.0 m KOH. Computational simulations confirm the vital role of high-valence Ir to weaken the adsorption of OER intermediates, favorable for accelerating OER kinetics. Impressively, a Pt/C||Ir-25-Fe16Ni100P64 two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer affords a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at a low cell voltage of 1.42 V, along with satisfied stability. An AA battery with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V can drive overall water splitting with obvious bubbles released
Facilitating uniform lithium deposition via nanoconfinement of free amide molecules in solid electrolyte complexion for lithium metal batteries
No full textAs a facile method to facilitate the uniform lithium deposition on the lithium metal anode, a unique solid electrolyte complexion consisted of polyethylene oxide, UiO-66-NH2, and deep eutectic solvents (PEMD) with nanoconfinement significantly improves the lithium metal cycling stability. Specifically, the free amide molecules of deep eutectic solvents are nanoconfined by UiO-66-NH2 in the polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix, and an excellent symmetrical electrochemical cycling performance more than 3600 h is achieved, extended by similar to 10 times comparing to the reference. Furthermore, the Li || PEMD || LiFePO4 cell not only exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performance at 60 degrees C inherited from PEO, but also presents unexpected capacity reversibility, cycling stability, and enhanced rate capability at low temperatures down to 10 degrees C. The design of the solid electrolyte complexion with nanoconfinement opens an innovative avenue to the practical implementation of the PEO based lithium metal batteries
Pretreatment of membrane dye wastewater by CoFe-LDH-activated peroxymonosulfate: Performance, degradation pathway, and mechanism
No full textWhen a membrane is used to treat dye wastewater, dye molecules are continually concentrated at the membrane surface over time, resulting in a dramatic decrease in membrane flux. Aside from routine membrane cleaning, the pretreatment of dye wastewater to degrade organic pollutants into tiny molecules is a facile solution to the problem. In this study, the use of layered double hydroxide (LDH) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for efficient degradation of organic pollutant has been thoroughly investigated. We utilized a simple two-drop co-precipitation process to prepare CoFe-LDH. The transition metal components in CoFe-LDH effectively activate PMS to create oxidative free radicals, and the layered structure of LDH increases the number of active sites, and thereby considerably enhancing the reaction rate. It was found that the reaction process produced non-free and free radicals, including singlet oxygen (O-1(2)), sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-), and hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH), with O-1(2) being the dominant reactive species. Under the optimal conditions (pH 6.7, PMS dosage 0.2 g/L, catalyst loading 0.1 g/ L), the degradation of Acid Red 27 dye in the CoFe-LDH/PMS system reached 96.7% within 15 min at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The CoFe-LDH/PMS system also exhibited strong resistance to inorganic ions and pH during the degradation of organic pollutants. This study presents a novel strategy for the synergistic treatment of dye wastewater with free and non-free radicals produced by LDH-activated PMS in a natural environment