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Impacts of solid physical properties on the performances of a slurry external airlift loop reactor integrating mixing and separation
No full textSolid physical properties are vital for the design, optimization, and scale-up of gas-liquid-solid multiphase reactors. The complex and interactional effects of the solid physical properties, including particle diameter, density, wettability, and sphericity, on the hydrodynamic behaviors in a new external airlift loop reactor (EALR) integrating mixing and separation are decoupled in this work. Two semi-empirical equations are proposed and validated to predict the overall gas holdup and liquid circulating velocity satisfactorily, and then the individual influence of such solid physical properties is further investigated. The results demonstrate that both the overall gas holdup in the riser and the liquid circulating velocity in the downcomer increase with the contact angle, but decrease with particle size, density, and sphericity. Additionally, the impact of the particle size on the liquid circulating velocity is also profoundly revealed on a micro-level considering the particle size distribution. Moreover, the axial solid concentration distribution is discussed, and the uniformity of the slurry is described by the mixing index of the solid particles. The results show that a more homogeneous mixture can be achieved by adding finer particles other than attaining violent turbulence. Therefore, this work lays a foundation for the design, scale-up, and industrialization of the EALRs.(c) 2022 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved
Rare sugar l-sorbose exerts antitumor activity by impairing glucose metabolism
No full textThe rare sugar L-sorbose is shown to decrease cell viability and increase apoptotic cells in culture and to enhance the effect of tumor chemotherapy in combination with sorafenib in mouse xenograft models
工业生产全过程减污降碳:方法策略与科学基础
No full text随着我国环境保护排放标准日益严格及行业园区化发展日渐成型,有毒有害污染物稳定达标与碳减排协同治理技术缺乏、末端无害化治理控制成本高等问题,开始严重制约我国社会经济可持续发展和碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。文章以工业行业的重大环境保护需求为导向,提出工业生产全过程减污降碳的方法策略及科学基础。通过控制方法协同、跨介质协同,以及多领域统筹、多要素统筹建模优化,将分子水平或微观水平上的基础科学创造性发现与工程研究开发直接联系起来,为减污降碳协同增效提供新的科学支撑,为我国工业绿色发展和碳减排贡献理论方法
How do antimicrobial peptides disrupt the lipopolysaccharide membrane leaflet of Gram-negative bacteria?
No full textHypothesis: It is widely regarded that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill bacteria by physically disrupting microbial membranes and causing cytoplasmic leakage, but it remains unclear how AMPs disrupt the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and then compromise the inner membrane. We hypothesise that different AMPs impose different structural disruptions, with direct implications to their antimicrobial efficacies. Experiments: The antimicrobial activities of three typical AMPs, including the designed short AMP, G3, and two natural AMPs, melittin and LL37, against E. coli and their haemolytic activities were studied. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anionic di-palmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG) monolayer models were constructed to mimic the outer membrane and inner membrane leaflets of Gram-negative bacteria. The binding and penetration of AMPs to the model lipid monolayers were systematically studied by neutron reflection via multiple H/D contrast variations. Finding: G3 has relatively high antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity, and high proteolytic stability, whilst melittin has significant haemolysis and LL37 has weaker antimicrobial activity. G3 could rapidly lyse LPS and DPPG monolayers within 10-20 min. In contrast, melittin was highly active against the LPS membrane, but the dynamic process lasted up to 80 min, with excessive stacking in the OM. LL37 caused rather weak destruction to LPS and DPPG monolayers, leading to massive adsorption on the membrane surface without penetrating the lipid tail region. These findings demonstrate that the rationally designed AMP G3 was well optimised to impose most effective destruction to bacterial membranes, con-sistent with its highest bactericidal activity. These different interfacial structural features associated with AMP binding shed light on the future development of active and biocompatible AMPs for infection and wound treatments. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Na_2O-TiO_2-SiO_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-V_2O_5-MnO-MgO-FeO渣系渣铁间硫分配比热力学模型
No full text基于离子分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了Na_2O-TiO_2-SiO_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-V_2O_5-MnO-MgO-FeO九元渣系的结构单元作用浓度模型和渣铁间硫分配比热力学模型,并对模型进行实验验证。通过模型计算出1200℃下渣系主要结构单元组成和渣中Na_2O,CaO,MnO,MgO和FeO的活度,发现Na_2O的加入可促进渣中低熔点物质的生成,降低渣系熔化性温度,改善脱硫反应的动力学条件;同时随着Na_2O加入量的增加,渣中Na_2O和CaO的活度增加,进而降低渣中S~(2-)离子活度,强化渣铁间脱硫反应。实验结果表明,增加碱矿比提高了渣铁间硫分配比,有利于铁水深度脱硫,铁水中硫含量可降至0.0005wt%以下,硫分配比的理论计算值与实验结果吻合极好。渣中各碱性氧化物的硫分配比随碱矿比R_(N/C)增加逐渐增大,各碱性氧化物硫分配比大小为Na_2O>CaO>MnO>FeO>MgO。本研究将共存理论模型成功应用到九元复杂渣系渣铁间脱硫反应机理研究,为铁水深度脱硫过程的渣系优化提供了理论依据
壳聚糖盐酸盐稳定乳液的制备及免疫效果分析
No full text为了解决油乳佐剂在诱导细胞免疫方面的不足,引入正电荷的壳聚糖盐以稳定乳液,从而提升细胞免疫应答。本研究选取卵清蛋白为模式抗原,分别制备了单抗原疫苗、商品佐剂疫苗和乳液疫苗,表征了乳液的粒径、电势及抗原吸附率等参数。通过肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测免疫后抗体和细胞因子的分泌水平、淋巴细胞的活化水平以评价乳液的免疫效果。结果显示壳聚糖盐酸盐可有效稳定乳液,其粒径在600nm左右,荷正电并对抗原吸附率达90%以上。免疫动物后,该乳液可有效提升血清特异性抗体水平并增强IL-4的分泌,显著提高抗原特异性CD8~+ T细胞的比例,提升细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表面活化分子的表达水平,诱导高效的细胞免疫应答。此外,乳液能够有效提高记忆T细胞(CD44~+CD62L~+)的水平。综上所述,以壳聚糖盐酸盐稳定的乳液为佐剂能有效提升体液及细胞免疫效果,并有望起长期保护作用
工业乳化废液破乳剂研究趋势与进展
No full text针对工业中乳化废液的破乳除油需求与难题,首先分析了各类工业乳化废液的水质情况,然后探讨了近年来主流化学破乳剂的破乳机理,并讨论了机理间的协同作用。对近年来关注度较高的聚醚类破乳剂、星型/超支化破乳剂、天然破乳剂及其改性破乳剂和磁性纳米颗粒破乳剂的结构和性能特点进行了综述,并对不同类型的破乳剂的优缺点进行评价与总结。在此基础上,提出了各类破乳剂在研究及应用过程中存在的某些共性问题,如不具有普遍适用性、缺乏对实际乳化废液使用情况的精确分析测试、在研发与应用方面存在局限性。因此,为了提高破乳效能,除了研究破乳剂本身以外,更要针对各领域的实际乳化废液进行破乳分析测试,以获得效率更高、普适性更强的高效破乳剂