Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Advances in encapsulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for controlled release: a review
No full textGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are peptides consisting of nine or ten amino acid residues. GnRH agonists have been applied in the therapy of sexual hormone disorders like prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine myoma, central precious puberty, and in-vitro fertility. Treatment is achieved by continuous hormone intake and long-term agonists administration, which is usually associated with poor patient compliance. Because GnRH agonists that are administered with the parenteral route are broken down by peptidase, their half-life is short. As a result, developing sustained release for the drug delivery system is significant. Even though some drugs have been successfully delivered with long-acting release microspheres and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), some challenges remain. This review highlighted current approaches to encapsulate GnRH agonists into delivery systems and strategies encountered during the loading process. Moreover, the following sections provide strategies to improve the release profile, and animal and human studies were summarised
The High Electrocatalytic Performance of NiFeSe/CFP for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Derived from a Prussian Blue Analogue
No full textNon-noble-metal-based chalcogenides are promising candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by harnessing the architectural design and the synergistic effect between the elements. Herein, a porous bimetallic selenide (NiFeSe) nanocube deposited on carbon fiber paper (NiFeSe/CFP) was synthesized through a facile selenization reaction based on Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) as precursors. The NiFeSe/CFP exhibited excellent HER activity with an overpotential of just 186 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) in 1.0 M KOH at ambient temperature, similar to most of the state-of-the-art transition metal chalcogenides. The corresponding Tafel slope was calculated to be 52 mV dec(-1), indicating fast discharge of the proton during the HER. Furthermore, the catalyst could endure long-term catalytic tests and showed remarkable durability. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance of NiFeSe/CFP is attributed to the unique 3D porous configuration inherited from the PBA templates, enhanced charge transfer occurring at the heterogeneous interface due to the synergistic effect between the bimetallic phases, and the high conductivity improved by the formation of amorphous carbon shells during the selenization. These findings prove that the combination of inexpensive metal-organic framework precursors and hybrid metallic compounds is a feasible way to realize the performance enhancement of non-noble-metal-based chalcogenides towards alkaline HER
Novel B and N Sites of One-Dimensional Boron Nitride Fiber: Efficient Performance and Mechanism in the Formaldehyde Capture Process
No full textIdentification of adsorption centers with atomic levels of adsorbents is crucial to study the adsorption of formaldehyde (HCHO), especially for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of HCHO capture. Herein, we investigate the HCHO adsorption performance of one-dimensional (1D) nano-porous boron nitride (BN) fiber, and explore the adsorption mechanism by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including adsorption energy change and Bader charge change, and experimental study as well. Research shows that the 1D nanoporous BN fiber possesses a high concentration of Lewis pairs, which act as Lewis acid and Lewis base sites associated with the fiber's electron-deficient and electron-rich features. It is worth noting that the HCHO removal efficiency of a typical sample is as high as 91%. This work may open the door to the field of adsorption of other pollutants by constructing Lewis pairs in the future
Performance of expanded perlite as granular bed filtration media: Effect on coal pyrolytic products
No full textGranular bed filtration is considered one of the most promising engineering solutions to the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolytic vapors. Expanded perlite as filtration media was studied in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor to understand its effect on pyrolysis products. Factors including filtration temperature, filtration time, dust accumulation and regeneration effect were investigated. The results show that there is around 12.9 % reduction in tar yield even under an optimized temperature of 550 degrees C after filtration bed. Dust accumulation would further promote tar cracking reactions. Coke deposition on the perlite increases with filtration time, which causes further reduction in tar yield. The redox cycle between filtration and regeneration significantly alters the properties of perlite. It is found that carbon deposition on perlite is alleviated in the initial cycles due to the formation of potassium carbonate. And the extent of tar cracking becomes weak. With the cycle numbers further increasing, the situation is inversed. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to explore the mechanisms behind the findings. Potassium and transition metals such as iron contained in perlite may make significant contributions
Decoupled combustion of alcohol extracted herb residues with blending wasted activated coke: Insight into in-situ NOx emission control by pyrolysis products
No full textBy a self-established dual fluidized bed combustion apparatus, alcohol extracted herb residues (AEHRs), as well as their derived char and on-line volatiles, were firstly directly combusted to investigate and compare the characteristics of the resulting NOx emissions; and then, the AEHRs were subjected to decoupled combustion (DC) with addition of wasted activated coke (WAC), to realize their safe disposal/clean energy recovery. The result showed that, the DC exhibited a desirable NOx reduction effect, and the on-line volatiles, especially those from pyrolysis at 600 & DEG;C, played a crucial role in the in-situ NOx control. The WAC inhibited NOx formation, due to its lower ash content and containing significantly fewer light metals (mainly K and Mg) than the AEHR char. When subjected to DC at the optimized conditions (600 C pyrolysis, 850 C combustion, excessive air ratio (ER) = 1.3 and secondary air proportion = 0.5), blending 20% WAC into the AEHR further reduced the NOx emission concentration from 217.03 to 163.82 mg m-3, corresponding to a 70.40% NOx reduction rate when compared to 553.41 mg m-3 for conventional combustion of the AEHR. Splitting the primary air revealed that the char + WAC contributed 18.81-26.51% of the total NOx reduction amount during the AEHR + WAC DC, justifying the necessity for DC to simultaneously make good use of the hot char and the on-line volatiles for reducing NOx
Review-Ionic Liquids Applications in Flow Batteries
No full textIncreasing energy demand throughout the world produces great environmental issues, therefore, renewable and clean energy sources, such as tidal energy, wind energy, solar energy and geothermal energy, are desirable request. Meanwhile, developing a new critical energy storage technology to balance the instantaneous energy supply and demand of arranged electric energy is urgent. Rechargeable flow batteries are solutions for storing electricity in form of chemical energy, containing positive and negative electrodes reserved in two separate containers, which have the advantages of low self-discharge and independent scaling of power, therefore considered as promising energy storage technologies. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely studied and used in energy storage devices, such as lithium ion battery, for their unique prospective properties. Herein, the key role of ILs and their applications in supporting electrolytes, separators and additives in flow batteries are highlighted in this review. The approaches and challenges in developing ILs supported flow batteries are discussed, and a significative overview of the opportunities of ILs promote flow batteries are finally provided, which is expected to help achieving further improvements in flow batteries