Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Cation-doped ZnS catalysts for polysulfide conversion in lithium-sulfur batteries
No full textCatalytic conversion of polysulfides is regarded as a crucial approach to enhancing kinetics and suppressing the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the activity prediction of Li-S catalysts remains elusive owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding of activity descriptors. Here, we report a volcano-shaped relationship between polysulfide adsorption ability and catalytic activity. In conjunction with theoretical analysis, we distinguish catalytic and anchoring effects to delineate the role of adsorption and emphasize the passivation of catalysts. These findings enable us to develop a composite catalyst, Co0.125Zn0.875S, which shows higher performance than simple binary compounds. Such a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic link between polysulfide adsorption and catalytic activity offers a rational viewpoint for designing Li-S catalysts and tuning their activities
Interfacial structure and photocatalytic degradation performance of graphene oxide bridged chitin-modified TiO2/carbon fiber composites
No full textWith the advancement of industrialization, developing efficient photocatalysts are needed to resolve the more serious water pollution problems. In this study, the chitin-modified and graphene oxide (GO) bridged TiO2/ carbon fibers (CGTC) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal treatment. The CGTC80 (adding 80 mg GO) exhibited high adsorption and higher photodegradation ability than pure TiO2. The results shows that 50 ml of 50 mg L-1 RhB solution could be almost completely degraded (97%) in 60min. The racial trapping examination shows that the photogenerated holes (h+) is the may active species in the photocatalytic system. After 3 cycles degradation, the photocatalyst still has high photocatalytic performance (> 90%). Meanwhile, the high performance of CGTC for pollutants may due to the creation of more adsorption sites by dispersion of chitin and rapid conduction of electrons effected by GO. In general, this visible-light-driven chitin-modified graphene oxide bridged TiO2/CF catalyst exhibits significant potential in terms of stability and reproducibility for sewage treatment applications
Efficient transport system of cultivated mushroom mycelium enables its derived carbon with high performance electrochemical desalination capability
No full textCapacitive deionization (CDI) is regarded as a promising desalination technology because of its high efficiency and low energy consumption. Electrode materials with high surface area, abundant active sites, and interconnected pore structure are the key to enhancing the electrochemical performance of CDI devices. Here, we selectively cultivated mushroom mycelia as the precursor to fabricate a hierarchically porous carbon electrode that consists of interwoven and hollow filaments for the CDI. By using the high-efficiency transport system of mycelia that natural evolution endows with, the resultant mycelia-derived carbon (MDC) exhibits a high surface area of 3603 m2 g(-1) and delivers a high capacity of 260 F g(-1). The assembled CDI devices could realize a superior salt removal capacity of 24.17 mg g(-1). Efficient transport system of mycelia enables MDC to rapidly remove salts from solution with an extremely short characterization time. Such a high-efficiency CDI electrode could be attributed to the use of naturally-optimized transport system, high surface area, and heteroatomic surface. In contrast with artificial chemical synthesis, biologic cultivation offers some higher-order structures that conventional technologies would not easily achieve. This work provides an alternative approach to improving the transport of hierarchical CDI electrodes from living things
Enhanced Electricity Generation from Graphene Microfluidic Channels for Self-Powered Flexible Sensors
No full textAs a novel energy harvesting method, generating electricity from the interaction of liquid-solid interface has attracted growing interest. Although several functional materials have been carried out to improve the performance of the flow-induced hydrovoltaic generators, there are few reports on influencing the droplet flow behavior to excavate its electricity generation by governing the device structure. Here, the output performance of the graphene microfluidic channel (GMC) structure is similar to 13 times higher than that of the flat-open space graphene morphology. The strong slip flow and high surface charge density near the graphene-droplet interface originate from the GMC structure, which produces an effective liquid-solid interaction and rapid relative movement of the droplet. Additionally, based on the GMC structure a self-powered pressure sensor is designed. The droplet motion is regulated by external forces to generate specific voltages, which provide a new approach for the development of wearable self-powered electronics
Fullerene-Derivative C60-(OLi)n Modified Separators toward Stable Wide-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
No full textLithium metal anode has been considered as the "holy grail" for realizing the next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries, yet its practical use has been plagued by hazardous dendrite evolution owing to hostless metal deposition/dissolution at Li-electrolyte interface. To address the above issue, here we show that a Li+contained fullerene derivative, C60-(OLi)n, has been prepared and used to modify conventional polypropylene separators for suppressing the Li dendrites at the interface. During the electrochemical reaction, the -OLi groups attached to the fullerene easily react with Li, forming a Li2O-enriched, artificial solid electrolyte interphase between the anode and the electrolyte. Owing to high Li+ conductivity of Li2O, the Li2O-enriched interphase serves as ion redistributor to guide homogeneous Li deposition/dissolution at the Li-electrolyte interface. By employing the C60-(OLi)n-modified separator, symmetric Li-Li cells and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Li full cells show ultra-long cycle lives and a wider range of operation temperature down to -40 degrees C. This work provides insights into surface protection and dendrite control of Li-metal anode towards practical realization of high-performance rechargeable Li-metal batteries
Gradient Titanium Oxide Nanowire Film: a Multifunctional Solar Energy Utilization Platform for High-Salinity Organic Sewage Treatment
No full textThe treatment of high salt organic sewage is considered to be a high energy consumption process, and it is difficult to degrade organic matter and separate salt and water simultaneously. In this study, a gradient structure titanium oxide nanowire film is developed, which can realize the thorough treatment of sewage under sunlight. Among the film, part TiO2-x has enhanced photocatalytic properties and can completely degrade 0.02 g.L-1 methylene blue in 90 min under 2 sun. Part TinO2n-1 has excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and can achieve 1.833 kg.m(-2).h(-1) water evaporation rate at 1 sun. Through the special structure design, salt positioning crystallization can be realized to ensure the film's stable operation for a long time. The gradient hydrophilicity of the film ensures adequate and rapid water transfer, while the water flow can induce a significant hydrovoltaic effect. The measured V-OC is positively correlated with light intensity and photothermal area and corresponds to the water evaporation rate
