Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Low-temperature Li-S battery enabled by CoFe bimetallic catalysts
No full textLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered promising energy storage devices. To ensure practical applications in a natural environment, Li-S batteries must be capable of performing normally at low temperature. However, the intrinsic characteristics of S, such as large volume variation, low conductivity, and shuttle effect, hinder its low-temperature applications. Moreover, Li+ transport is poor at low temperatures, resulting in fast capacity deterioration, low-capacity output, and large overpotential. In this study, a free-standing host embedded with CoFe bimetallic nanoparticles has been designed. CoFe functions as an efficient catalyst for the polysulfide conversion. The in situ growth of graphite shells around CoFe bimetallic nanoparticles function as a nanoreactor to confine and absorb polysulfides, and the host is an ideal porous conductivity network for rapid ion transportation, preventing the accumulation of Li2S and alleviating the volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the successive lithiation process from S-8 to Li2S on CoFe is thermodynamically spontaneous, and CoFe has a kinetic catalytic activity for this series of lithiation reactions. Experimentally, rationally designed CoFe@C@CNF cathodes are introduced into Li-S batteries for low-temperature applications. The cathode delivers superior rate capacity (828 mA h g(-1) at 10C) and a low fading rate (0.053% per cycle over 300 cycles). An enhanced capacity (836 mA h g(-1) at 0.2C) and cycling stability (capacity retention rate of 94.5% after 100 cycles) were achieved at -20 degrees C. This study provides a feasible method for developing high-rate and long-life Li-S batteries for low-temperature applications
Intranasal Administration of Self-Oriented Nanocarriers Based on Therapeutic Exosomes for Synergistic Treatment of Parkinson's Disease
No full textThe treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been hindered by the complex pathologies and multiple membrane barriers during drug delivery. Although exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for PD, MSC-derived exosomes alone could not fully meet the therapeutic requirements due to their limitation in therapy and delivery. Here, we develop a self-oriented nanocarrier called PR-EXO/PP@Cur that combines therapeutic MSC-derived exosomes with curcumin. PR-EXO/PP@Cur can be self-oriented across the multiple membrane barriers and directly release drugs into the cytoplasm of target cells after intranasal administration. With enhanced accumulation of drugs in the action site, PR-EXO/PP@Cur achieves threepronged synergistic treatment to deal with the complex pathologies of PD by reducing a-synuclein aggregates, promoting neuron function recovery, and alleviating the neuroinflammation. After treatment with PR-EXO/PP@Cur, the movement and coordination ability of PD model mice are significantly improved. These results show that PR-EXO/PP@Cur has great prospects in treatment of PD or other neurodegenerative diseases
Upcycling of photovoltaic silicon waste into ultrahigh areal-loaded silicon nanowire electrodes through electrothermal shock
No full textUpcycling of photovoltaic silicon (Si) waste to produce high-energy-density energy storage materials represents an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality. However, at present, photovoltaic Si waste (WSi) can only be suitable for degraded utilization because WSi recycling processes are limited by deep oxidation, entrainment of trace impurities, and structural reconstruction difficulties. Here, we propose an electrothermal shock method to convert photovoltaic WSi directly into ultrahigh areal-loaded (4.02 mg cm(-2)) silicon nanowire (SiNW) electrodes. High gradient thermal fields (similar to 10(4) K s(-1)) are produced to drive the formation and deposition of gaseous Si molecules using the easy oxidation characteristics of the WSi powder. Carbon fiber cloth is used as both a heater and an in-situ growth substrate for the SiNWs to construct SiNW-carbon cloth self-supporting electrode (SiNWs@CC) structures. When used as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries, it exhibits ultra-high areal capacity (3.2 mAh cm(-2) for 600 cycles, capacity retention rate > 83%) and long-cycle stability (1706.2 mAh g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) after 1800 cycles). A full battery assembled using a commercial LiFePO4 cathode also demonstrates stable cycling performance ( > 91.2% initial capacity maintained at 0.5 C for 250 cycles). Such an upcycling strategy will help to promote environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable development of the photovoltaic and energy storage industries
