Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons and typical volatile organic compounds from various grate-firing coal furnaces
No full textNon-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from grate-firing coal furnaces cause serious harmful impacts on the atmospheric environment and human health. To investigate the effects of coal type and grate-firing mode on the emissions of NMHCs and VOCs, four different coal fuels (i.e., bituminous coal (BC), bituminous briquette (BB), anthracite briquette (AB) and semi-coke (SC)) were burnt in three typical grate-firing modes (i.e., updraft mode (UDM), downdraft mode (DDM) and cross-draft mode (CDM)). Offline GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analyses show that the mass of benzene and toluene accounts for more than 60% of the total amount of quantifiable benzenoid compounds under the smoldering condition, and up to almost 100% under the flaming condition. The BB burnt in the CDM produces lower NMHCs and VOCs than in the other two modes and the SC burnt in the three modes yields the lowest NMHCs and VOCs among the four coal fuels, as further clarified by online FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy) measurements. Combustion mode was found to have a prominent impact on the NMHCs and VOCs emissions in household coal stoves. The NMHCs emission factor determined by the GC-MS measurements under the flaming and smoldering stages is inversely proportional to combustion efficiency. The average VOCs emission factor calculated from the FTIR measuring data inversely varies with combustion efficiency too
Vertically Heterostructured Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
No full textSolid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have been regarded as the most attractive candidate for safe and high-energy lithium (Li) batteries of the next generation. However, the inability of current SSEs to keep up with the performance requirements of batteries is significantly affected by complex factors, especially ionic conductivity, mechanochemical properties, and coupled ion/electron reaction at the electrified interfaces. Strategies in solid electrolyte chemistries and technologies are put forward to overcome these challenges while widening the breadth of possible applications. Among them, vertically heterostructured solid-state electrolytes (HSE) are constructed as a most promising strategy, which can take advantage of individual SSE layers together and rationalize the stability and compatibility of electrodes. This review comprehensively summarizes the specific features of the HSE based on the current knowledge of SSE failure modes. Additionally, a detailed review of the recent progress on the HSE design in terms of organic polymer electrolytes and inorganic electrolytes is generated. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of the design strategies are discussed. New perspectives about HSE are proposed as well
Excited-State-Modulated Dual-Wavelength Single-Mode Lasing from a Single-Component Organic Microbelt
No full textSingle-mode laser is of fundamental importance due to its beam quality and spectral purity. However, common lasers operate in multimode as the dimensions of most laser resonators are much larger than the operating wavelengths. Herein, the novel dual-wavelength single-mode lasing from a solution of self-assembled single-component microbelt that consists of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer molecules is demonstrated. The large modulation of the gain regimes and the cooperative effect between gain and loss in the cavity are proven experimentally and theoretically to be effective strategies for achieving multiple-wavelength and single-mode operation. These results broaden optical science and provide new insight into the construction of multicolor lasers with high spectral purity for the on-chip integrated photonic system
Urchin-like core-shell heterostructure of In2O3 nanowires-coated ZnO microspheres with enhanced triethylamine gas-sensing properties
No full textThe urchin-like core-shell In2O3/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared via a facile solvothermal method which In2O3 nanowires were grown on the ZnO microspheres. The nanocomposite microspheres had mesoporous structure, whose large specific surface area was 58.5 m(2)/g and pore size was 14.0 nm. The influence of initial reactant In3+ content on the morphology, component and structure of composites was systemically investigated. The sensor based on In2O3-ZnO-0.1 (the addition amount of indium nitrate was 0.1 g) displayed more excellent gas-sensing performance to triethylamine (TEA) than other samples, such as higher response (221), lower working temperature (100 degrees C). The outstanding gas-sensing performance of urchin-like In2O3/ZnO nanocomposites could be attributed to the special urchin-like structure with mesoporous and high specific surface area, plentiful oxygen vacancies and the formation of n-n heterojunction