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    8733 research outputs found

    大IT革命:从思维到社会的深刻变革

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    互联网+的实质是大IT+,是大IT与可能的方方面面的深度融合,这一快速融合及其反应的过程可称之为大IT革命。与30年前发生的IT革命不同,肇始于21世纪初的大IT革命在科技、经济、文化、思维、社会等各个方面引发了深刻变革。这场变革方兴未艾,也变幻莫测,探讨其带来的最大挑战与机遇,正视其正面效应与负面效应十分必要和紧迫

    科学史事的时代解读:对中国地质学史的案例分析

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    现代地质学创建于中国政治经济环境和社会文化观念的快速变化时期。对于同一科学史事,不同时代的学者有着不同的解读。文章选取中国地质学史的几个代表性事例,如中国地质学会的发起人问题、对李四光所著《中国地质学》国际评价的回应、对西方学者的评价等,进行了研究。在此基础之上,分析了改革开放以后中国地质学史研究兴起的原因。通过对不同时期史料的梳理与研究,考察各种观点的时代特色,从中探讨科学史研究的现实关怀,并希望此项研究对科学史研究中的史料运用提供借鉴

    “律历志”的由来——解密中国古代乐律与历法相关性的缘由

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    为什么中国古代正史将音乐学中乐律学和天文学中历法合而成一章"律历志"?史家对此久有疑问。本文试作一初探。除了这完全不同的两门学科在数字上有对应之外,汉代太初历和三统历确实是以乐律参数作为起算数据,由此产生了以律起历的观念。本文尤重解读这两种历法运用黄钟律数的计算方法,对"律历志"的由来作出了切实的解释

    Spatial distribution, health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River, China

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    Surface water samples were collected from the sampling sites throughout the Xiangjiang River for investigating spatial variation, risk assessment and source identification of the trace elements. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of the elements were under the permissible limits as prescribed by guidelines except arsenic (As). Based on the health risk indexes, the primary contributor to the chronic risks was arsenic (As), which was suggested to be the most important pollutant leading to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic concerns. Individuals, who depend on surface water from the Xiangjiang River for potable and domestic use, might be subjected to the integrated health risks for exposure to the mixed trace elements. Children were more sensitive to the risks than the adults, and the oral intake was the primary exposure pathway. Besides, multivariate statistical analyses revealed that arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) mainly derived from the chemical industrial waste-waters and the coal burning, and zinc (Zn) copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) mainly originated from the natural erosion, the mineral exploitation activities, and the non-point agricultural sources. As a whole, the upstream of the Xiangjiang River was explained as the high polluted region relatively

    An argument for psi-ontology in terms of protective measurements

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    The ontological model framework provides a rigorous approach to address the question of whether the quantum state is ontic or epistemic. When considering only conventional projective measurements, auxiliary assumptions are always needed to prove the reality of the quantum state in the framework. For example, the Pusey-Barrett-Rudolph theorem is based on an additional preparation independence assumption. In this paper, we give a new proof of psi-ontology in terms of protective measurements in the ontological model framework. The proof does not rely on auxiliary assumptions, and it also applies to deterministic theories such as the de Broglie-Bohm theory. In addition, we give a simpler argument for psi-ontology beyond the framework, which is based on protective measurements and a weaker criterion of reality. The argument may be also appealing for those people who favor an anti-realist view of quantum mechanics. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    《本草原始》的生物图像流变及其启示

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    《本草原始》是晚明一部绘图精良的本草著作。其图绘中的局部图、剖面图、图注方式以及构图视角颇有新意,但绘图思想未有变革。该书流传较广,明清时期的私人刻书坊,尤其是周氏家族,对图像的传播起到重要作用。然而,图像在广为流传的同时,也在发生着形变,导致图像中的有效信息不断丢失。另有其他本草著作图像受其影响,但多是仿绘,未能跳出李中立的绘图模式。这种图像流传中的形变在当时是普遍现象,究其原因,可能是由学术风气、书商利益等诸多因素造成

    科技史治学之路——美国科学史家席文教授访谈记

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    在访谈中,席文教授介绍了所受的教育和进入中国科学史和医学史研究的过程。与许多中国科学史研究者的重要区别是他试图用古人自己的话语来理解他们的观点,而不是把古人的工作翻译成现代内容。另一个区别是像其他西方学者一样,他广泛阅读多种外文文献并建立起他独特的中国、日本和欧洲研究。他还谈到了他与学术同行的密切联系,除了许多中国的科学史和医学史家外,还包括日本科技史家薮内清、中山茂和英国学者李约瑟。在他看来,他自己与李约瑟某些学术观点的差异主要是由于他们属于两代人。他认为人类学研究方法之于他的著作的重要性在当代美国历史学家中是非常典型的。最后介绍了他当前与保健相关的研究,该研究使用人类学方法来分析宗教和仪式治疗

    公元1408年超新星记录之争议及解释

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    学界对1408年几条短暂星象记录是否为超新星记录存有争议。李启斌认为这些记录对应着同一超新星爆发事件,而斯蒂芬森认为其更可能是流星记录。双方各持己见,争议持续至今。本文对此争议进行了初步考察,结合新发现的史料,部分赞同斯蒂芬森的观点,并对整理和利用古代天象记录提出一些看法

    中国古代候气兴衰史述评——兼谈“候气伟哉”论之误

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    文中所谓"候气",是以一种音高定律器即律管来测定时令节气的理论或实验。文章依据历史文献论述候气的起源、发展和消亡的过程,叙述候气的测试方法和演变,揭穿其虚伪性;并以音乐和科学的基础知识解读"候气伟哉"的错误

    美国科研不端举报人保护制度研究

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    科研不端举报人在维护科研诚信环境中扮演着重要角色,但是他们却面临着遭受报复的风险,如何从制度上保障举报人的利益成为一个关键问题。美国在举报人保护方面经过长期的探索,形成了较为完善的制度体系和运作机制。本文系统探讨了美国科研不端举报人保护制度的内涵及发展,在此基础上,着重概括了举报人保护的基本原则,分析了举报人保护机制以及相关行为主体的责任。最后,结合我国在科研不端举报人保护方面的问题,提出了美国科研不端举报人保护制度对我国的启示

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