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觉知的本质：载体与信息
No full textStarting from the ontological question of "Who am I", this paper conducts objective induction and demonstration based on the laws of existence, defines the core connotation of self-consciousness, and puts forward the core formula "Carrier + Information = Awareness", establishing a complete ontological system. The conclusions of this paper are objective inductions, not merely personal opinions: awareness is an inevitable product of the symbiosis of carrier and information, the embodiment of the boundary between self and non-self, difference and observation point; difference is the essence of existence; awareness is not exclusive to human beings but a universal law of all things; individual awareness is absolutely unique as the temporary combination of closed-loop information and eternal carrier; oneness is the overall law of the world rather than the attribute of the individual
Syntropy 1
No full textWhile it stands out as an attempt at a new system in contemporary philosophy, it is actually composed of a synthesis of many philosophers. It is the first work written by a young philosopher. Although the author was sixteen years old when he wrote this work, he states that the project is intended as a series and that mutual critiques and comparisons will be made in the second book. The author's goal is not to examine or explain reason or consciousness, but to examine the reality of emotions and define them metaphysically
Evolutionary Constraint Compatibility: Admissibility in Biological Adaptation
No full textBiological evolution is commonly described as a process driven by variation, selection, and inheritance. However, evolutionary outcomes are constrained by structural, energetic, and environmental limitations that restrict which adaptations are viable. This paper interprets evolutionary adaptation within the Paton System framework as a process governed by admissibility conditions.
Evolutionary change is possible only when new biological configurations remain compatible with the structural constraints of the organism and its environment. Mutations or developmental pathways that violate these constraints cannot persist and are removed from the evolutionary trajectory of the system. Evolutionary constraint compatibility therefore defines the admissible region within which biological adaptation can occur.
Biological organisms operate under constraints including metabolic limits, developmental pathways, genetic compatibility, ecological relationships, and environmental resource availability. These factors define the structural envelope within which biological systems can persist. Evolution therefore proceeds through variations that remain compatible with these constraints rather than exploring unrestricted biological possibilities.
Under environmental strain, biological systems may compress toward minimal viable configurations in order to maintain persistence. Within the Paton System this behaviour corresponds to movement toward the Lowest Admissible Configuration (LCD) under constraint pressure.
By interpreting evolutionary processes through admissibility boundaries, the Paton System provides a structural explanation for the persistence of certain biological adaptations, the recurrence of convergent evolution, and the collapse or extinction of organisms that violate evolutionary constraint compatibility
Paul Valéry e le parole
No full textAbstract (Italiano)
In questo saggio ricostruisco la riflessione condotta da Paul Valéry nei suoi Cahiers sul rapporto tra linguaggio ordinario e pensiero, mostrando come per Valéry, da un lato, il linguaggio ordinario sia lo strumento privilegiato attraverso cui il pensiero prende forma, si organizza e diviene riflessivo, e dall’altro costituisca una struttura deformante che impone al pensiero categorie, simmetrie e opposizioni estranee alla realtà.
Secondo Valéry, il linguaggio ordinario non solo altera e orienta il pensiero, ma può persino rendere dicibile ciò che non è concepibile, generando illusioni semantiche e metafisiche. Tale inaffidabilità affonda le sue radici nella genesi storica, contingente e disorganica delle lingue naturali, le cui strutture sono il risultato di stratificazioni accidentali e statistiche. Da qui l’esigenza, avvertita da Valéry, di elaborare un linguaggio più puro e rigoroso, analogo a quello delle scienze.
Il saggio propone tuttavia una riflessione ulteriore: pur riconoscendo i limiti del linguaggio ordinario, esso ne sottolinea anche la possibile integrazione dinamica con il pensiero. Proprio perché non perfettamente sovrapponibili, linguaggio e pensiero possono sostenersi reciprocamente, offrendo occasioni di chiarificazione e sviluppo che nessuno dei due, isolatamente, potrebbe garantire.
Abstract (English)
In this paper I reconstruct the reflection developed by Paul Valéry in his Cahiers on the relationship between ordinary language and thought, showing how for Valéry, on the one hand, ordinary language is the privileged instrument through which thought takes shape, becomes organized, and turns reflexive, and, on the other hand, it constitutes a distorting structure that imposes upon thought categories, symmetries, and oppositions foreign to reality.
According to Valéry, ordinary language not only alters and redirects thought but can even render expressible what is not genuinely conceivable, thereby generating semantic and metaphysical illusions. This unreliability ultimately stems from the historical, contingent, and uncoordinated formation of natural languages, whose structures result from accidental and statistical stratifications. Hence Valéry’s call for the construction of a purer and more rigorous language, analogous to that of the sciences.
The paper, however, advances a further consideration: while acknowledging the limits of ordinary language, it emphasizes its potential dynamic integration with thought. Precisely because they are not perfectly overlapping domains, language and thought can mutually support one another, providing opportunities for clarification and development that neither could achieve in isolation
The Tier-3 Admissibility Gate: Structural Permission in the Paton System
No full textThe Paton System describes a structural architecture through which systems become distinguishable, interact under constraints, and persist only when admissibility conditions are satisfied. While Tier-2 formation explains how distinguishable structures arise through constrained interaction, systems cannot proceed directly from formation to observation. A structural filtering stage must occur in which only configurations capable of persistence are permitted to continue.
This paper formally defines Tier-3 of the Paton System as the Admissibility Gate: the structural layer that determines whether a formed configuration is permitted to persist and enter the observation domain. The admissibility gate is characterised through the Boundary–Relation–Persistence (BRP) condition and operationalised through the Paton Admissibility Test (PAT) and the Unified Admissibility Equation. The result is a minimal structural mechanism explaining why only a subset of possible configurations becomes observable systems
Au delà du dilemme entre réduction et non réduction
No full textLe débat contemporain opposant physicalisme réductionniste et physicalisme non réductionniste tend à traiter la question de l’esprit — conscience, intentionnalité, rationalité, signification — comme un problème de réduction. Faut-il identifier le mental au cérébral, le faire simplement supervenir sur lui, ou lui reconnaître une autonomie de niveau supérieur compatible avec l’unité physique du monde ? Le présent article soutient que cette manière de poser le problème repose sur une méprise plus profonde. Le désaccord entre réduction et non-réduction ne porte pas d’abord sur la bonne articulation du mental et du physique ; il présuppose déjà, de part et d’autre, que l’enjeu décisif consiste à déterminer ce qui peut être ramené à la matière et sous quelles modalités.
Or cette problématique manque son objet. Ce qui résiste à la thèse du « tout est matière » n’est pas nécessairement une entité supplémentaire, ni un domaine surnaturel, mais le registre même dans lequel apparaissent l’objet, la vérité, l’erreur, la référence, la validité et la justification. La signification n’est pas un fait additionnel qu’il faudrait localiser quelque part dans le monde physique ; elle est le régime selon lequel certaines occurrences peuvent compter comme des jugements, des raisons, des erreurs, des références à des objets, et plus généralement comme des prises sur le vrai et le faux. En ce sens, une large part du champ de la philosophie critique — celle qui interroge les conditions de possibilité de l’objectivité et du sens — échappe à la simple redistribution interne des options physicalistes.
Il en résulte une instabilité structurelle. La réduction tend à dissoudre la normativité qu’elle prétend expliquer, en remplaçant les distinctions entre vrai et faux, valide et invalide, justifié et injustifié, par de simples distinctions causales ou fonctionnelles. La non-réduction, quant à elle, conserve le vocabulaire de la normativité, mais au prix d’une tension persistante avec la clôture causale du physique, tension qui se cristallise dans le problème classique de l’exclusion. L’examen des principales tentatives contemporaines de naturaliser la signification — sémantiques informationnelles, téléosémantiques, théories causales de la référence, fonctionnalisme computationnel — montre qu’aucune ne dérive la normativité à partir de la seule causalité : toutes la réintroduisent, la déplacent ou la présupposent implicitement.
L’article propose dès lors une autre ligne de partage. Il s’agit de distinguer, sans les séparer substantiellement, un régime causal, auquel appartiennent les descriptions physiques, biologiques et computationnelles, et un régime normatif, auquel appartiennent la signification, l’objectivité, la validité, la correction et l’erreur. Une telle position ne vise ni à contester la science ni à restaurer un dualisme de substances. Elle cherche plutôt à empêcher qu’un naturalisme méthodologique légitime se transforme, sans théorie explicite de la signification, en monisme ontologique insuffisamment fondé.
Mots-clés : physicalisme ; matérialisme ; réduction ; supervenience ; normativité ; signification ; intentionnalité ; exclusion causale ; sémantique naturalisée ; espace des raisons
Perception Structures: Admissibility and Structural Registration in Cognitive Systems
No full textPerception is typically treated as a sensory process in which organisms detect signals from the environment. However, most scientific descriptions implicitly assume that the signals being processed are already valid members of the system being studied. This paper proposes a structural interpretation of perception within the Paton System framework.
Perception is defined as the successful structural registration of admissible external patterns within a cognitive system. Before perception can occur, incoming structure must satisfy admissibility conditions that permit it to exist within the internal architecture of the observer. Signals that fail these conditions do not become stabilised perceptions even if they are physically present.
Within the Paton System architecture, perception occurs at the observational interface between external structural possibilities and internal cognitive representation. This interface functions as a compression boundary that transforms environmental constraint into usable cognitive structure.
By locating perception at the admissibility boundary of cognition, the Paton System provides a domain-neutral account of perceptual stability applicable to biological and artificial cognitive systems
Neuf Idées d’Aristote Pour Mener Une Vie Bonne
No full textThis book chapter discusses how and why the author was drawn to study Aristotle's philosophy, and focuses on nine key ideas one can draw from Aristotle's works that when properly understood and applied contribute to leading a fuller and better lif
Philosophy of life in Huai Nan-zi: navigating the conscious map to a healthy life from ancient ideas
No full textBackground: Based on a profound awareness of crisis sense, Huai Nan-zi warns people of the importance of being prepared for danger in times of peace by using the principle that Heaven and Earth are ever-changing and never-ending. It also consciously constructs a cosmic life view of the organic, homologous, isomorphic, and harmonious unity of heaven, earth, and man based on human existence and destiny with a rational thinking attitude. The life philosophy of the Huai Nan-zi offers modern people a completely new holistic view of life and medicine. Not only in China, but also in Western countries, studying its medical philosophical ideas helps us better explore the theoretical roots of TCM in the era of globalized medicine. Methods: This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review and chinese philosophy intellectual concepts. It employs the I Ching’s image-number logic thinking method to compare images through analogy and the holistic thinking method of the three-talent view of heaven, earth, and human to understand life consciousness. Results: This article mainly interprets medical philosophy in Huai Nan-zi through three aspects: 1) The body of Taoism: heaven, earth, and humanity constitute one unity within the body of the universe; 2) The spirit of Taoism: keeping the spirit inward, preserving the essence and suppressing the superficial; and 3) The mind of Taoism: the principle of life governed by the dynamics of gain and loss, prosperity and decline. Conclusion: The philosophy of life presented in the Huai Nan-zi ultimately charts a course toward a state of profound theoretical integration. Its “conscious map” does not lead to a fixed destination, but to a continuous and dynamic mode of being – a life of flourishing known in Chinese as yang sheng, the nurturing of life. The destination, therefore, is the journey itself, undertaken with unwavering cosmic awareness and harmony. This ancient text reminds us that a truly healthy life is not a fragmented pursuit of physical fitness, mental peace, or spiritual insight in isolation. Instead, it is the symphony of all three (Taoist body, spirit, and mind), orchestrated by the fundamental principles of the cosmos. By aligning our inner nature with the outer Tao, we transform our existence from a series of reactive struggles into a graceful and spontaneous free flow. In a modern world characterized by fragmentation, overstimulation, and a relentless push against natural rhythms, the Huai Nan-zi’s life consciousness map is more relevant than ever. The philosophy of Huai Nan-zi not only plays a vital role in the construction of the theoretical system of TCM in ancient East life wisdom, but also is worthwhile for Western life sciences to conduct in-depth exploration and discovery in the age of AI