Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry
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Location optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drone port for coastal zone management: The case of Guangdong coastal zone in China
No full textCoastal zones host diverse ecosystems and abundant natural resources but have become increasingly vulnerable in recent decades due to human activities and climate change. Effective management of coastal risks and sustainable development requires a continuous and efficient unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network to monitor coastal resources, natural hazards, and pollution events. Drone ports, as operational hubs for UAVs, provide essential support for autonomous monitoring, power management, and data synchronization. Optimizing the location of drone ports can significantly enhance monitoring efficiency, particularly in long, narrow coastal areas. This study proposes a technical framework for determining the optimal placement of drone ports within a coastal UAV monitoring network, tailored to the monitoring demands of coastal zone management (CZM). Using the Guangdong Province coastal area in China as a case study, we developed an optimization model for drone port locations. The study also emphasizes the need for technological adaptation to meet the specific demands of CZM applications, adhere to local UAV regulations, and navigate complex coastal environments. The innovations of this study lie in the development of a universal UAV network capable of supporting various CZM applications. The UAV network provides high-resolution data with high frequency and rapid response, and it can be seamlessly integrated with other monitoring technologies. These advantages enhance the ability to acquire fine-scale data, improving the effectiveness of coastal resource management and better informing adaptive strategies for local CZM sectors
From bedrock to life activity and atmospheric deposition: Drivers of soil element coupling across horizons
No full textUnraveling the intricate coupling of multiple elements and their underlying drivers in natural soils is crucial for comprehending ecosystem functions, yet this knowledge has remained elusive. Using a comprehensive dataset of 900 soil samples collected from 116 sites across 26 mountains, this study dissected the coupling relationship of 23 elements within three soil development horizons, spanning five climate zones in China. Our findings revealed a robust continental-scale coupling of soil elements, influenced by plants and environmental factors including spatial distance, climate, soil properties, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, accounting for 36% of the observed variance in element coupling. Notably, our study unveiled the horizon-specific nature of element coupling mechanisms. In the parent horizon, rock type exerted the primary control on the dynamics of element coupling. However, as soil developed, life activities and atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic trace metals concurrently reshaped the element coupling patterns, particularly in the organic and surficial mineral horizons. Elements were divided into two distinct elemental groups, exhibiting opposite fitting trends with atomic mass and crustal abundance, and the effect of these properties on coupling diminished with soil depth. Heavy metals enriched by human activity deviated from property-based predictions with lower coupling. This study represents the first continental-scale quantification of multi-element coupling across soil horizons, underscoring the paramount importance of life activity and atmospheric deposition in modulating the initial lithological-mediated multi-element coupling. Our insights advance understanding of terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry and urge further research on the impacts of anthropogenic activities and environmental changes on these delicate elemental interactions
Mushroom-shaped growth of crystals on the Moon
No full textOver the past three decades, advances in crystal nucleation and growth have led to the understanding that crystallization proceeds through various pathways, ranging from the conventional atom-by-atom model to the particle aggregation- or amorphous transformation-based non-classical modes. Here, we present a novel mineralization mechanism exemplified by a lunar chromite formed via solid-liquid interface reactions through investigations of a lunar breccia returned by the Chang'e 5 mission. The chromite occurs in the middle of a whisker-shaped intergrowth structure made by olivine at the bottom and nanospheres of troilite and metallic iron at the top. Morphological observation and size statistics of the nanospheres, including those within the whisker structure and the others dispersed in glass, suggest the nanophases attached to olivine with coherent crystallographic orientations, possibly through an oriented aggregation process. The chromium deficiency in the olivine near the interface between olivine and chromite suggests that Cr in chromite originated from olivine, but the significantly reduced ferrous concentration in the glass surrounding chromite indicates the iron was derived from surrounding impact-induced glass. Based on laboratory observations and simulated calculations of energy and lattice mismatch, we propose that chromite crystallized at the interface between troilite and olivine in the impact melts, during which the nanospheres were lifted and transported away from olivine surface and formed a mushroom-shaped structure. This finding suggests that oriented attachment growth, chiefly confined to homogeneous systems thus far, can also occur in heterogeneous systems far from equilibrium, such as that produced by the impacts. It is conceivable that the studied crystallization pathway occurring on the heterogeneous interfaces may have been a common mineralization mode at highly nonequilibrium conditions
Generation of the 2022 earthquake swarm in intersection of four geological units in the seismic experimental Site, southwest China
No full textThree adjacent and successive earthquakes with magnitude over 6.0 in the seismic experimental site, southwest China in 2022 were investigated mainly based on multi-disciplinary observation data combined with regional geology. The abnormal variations of GPS horizontal velocity field and cross-fault baselines, seismic activity, and also fluids geochemistry presented strong cascade and pre-, post-, and co-seismic consistency, suggesting these events could belong to one sequence of earthquakes motivated by a lateral expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on comprehensive analysis, the progressive regional localization of deformation and strain in the intersection of the four geological units, subjected to the lateral expansion of the Tibetan Plateau due to the remote action of the India-Eurasia collision, was unveiled to be the tectonic driver controlling the earthquake swarm, and a "south-north-south cascade" model was proposed for the generation process of the earthquake sequence. According to this model, the possible southward stain transfer in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau should be considered for potential strong earthquakes in the future. Although this study is special for the seismic experimental site, China, it could be inferred that similar processes might be probable elsewhere, thus, prospective transfer direction forecasting for coming seismic activity could be envisaged in some intersections of multiple geological units
Generation of the 2022 earthquake swarm in intersection of four geological units in the seismic experimental Site, southwest China
No full textThree adjacent and successive earthquakes with magnitude over 6.0 in the seismic experimental site, southwest China in 2022 were investigated mainly based on multi-disciplinary observation data combined with regional geology. The abnormal variations of GPS horizontal velocity field and cross-fault baselines, seismic activity, and also fluids geochemistry presented strong cascade and pre-, post-, and co-seismic consistency, suggesting these events could belong to one sequence of earthquakes motivated by a lateral expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on comprehensive analysis, the progressive regional localization of deformation and strain in the intersection of the four geological units, subjected to the lateral expansion of the Tibetan Plateau due to the remote action of the India-Eurasia collision, was unveiled to be the tectonic driver controlling the earthquake swarm, and a "south-north-south cascade" model was proposed for the generation process of the earthquake sequence. According to this model, the possible southward stain transfer in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau should be considered for potential strong earthquakes in the future. Although this study is special for the seismic experimental site, China, it could be inferred that similar processes might be probable elsewhere, thus, prospective transfer direction forecasting for coming seismic activity could be envisaged in some intersections of multiple geological units
Presence and sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the three major rivers on Hainan Island
No full textPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted considerable attention because of their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation potential. With the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port and the rapid development of economy, environmental pollution on Hainan Island is becoming increasingly prominent. PFASs have been detected in the seawater and sediments of mangrove ecosystems on Hainan Island. As the receiving water of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and industrial wastewater, rivers are inevitably contaminated by PFASs. However, few studies have focused on PFAS pollution in three large rivers (the Nandu, Changhua, and Wanquan rivers) on Hainan Island. In the present study, the pollution status, potential sources, and ecological risks of PFASs in these three major rivers were explored. Perfluorobutanonic acid (PFBA) (48.7%) was found to be the major PFASs in the surface waters, and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) (19.7%) was the major PFASs in the sediments of the three major rivers. The concentrations of & sum;PFASs in the upper-midstream region were low due to minimal human influence and increased in the middle-lower reaches with increasing industrial activity and urbanization, whereas decreased at downstream sites near estuaries where river water was diluted with seawater. WWTP effluent, industrial wastewater discharge, the application and discharge of aqueous firefighting foam, storm runoff and landfill leachate were the major sources of PFASs in the three major rivers. In surface water, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) and perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFODA) posed low-moderate risks at 5.71-85.6% of the sampling sites. PFASs in the sediment posed no ecological risk. This study provides key data regarding the pollution status and potential sources of PFASs in large rivers on subtropical islands
Influences of synoptic circulations on regional transport, local accumulation and chemical transformation for PM 2.5 heavy pollution over Twain-Hu Basin, central China
No full textThe Twain-Hu Basin (THB), located in Central China, serves as a key juncture where the northerly "polluted" airflows of the East Asian winter monsoon meet the southerly warm and humid airflows. Using the T-PCA (T-mode Principal Component Analysis) objective synoptic pattern classification, Flexible Particle-Weather Research and Forecasting (FLEXPARTWRF) model, and Random Forest model, we investigate the influences of synoptic circulations on regional transport, local accumulation, and chemical transformation of PM 2.5 during heavy air pollution over the THB in January of 2015-2022. The results show that the transport-type synoptic pattern accounts for 65.16% of heavy PM 2.5 pollution, indicating that regional transport of PM 2.5 dominates the THB's heavy air pollution. The PM 2.5 /CO ratio is higher in the transport-type pattern and positively correlated with PM 2.5 concentrations, reflecting a higher efficiency of chemical transformation to secondary PM 2.5 in transport-type pollution compared with the accumulation-type pollution. Transport-type heavy PM 2.5 pollution is predominantly influenced by upstream anomalous northerly and easterly airflows at the bottom of the high-pressure system, converging with the southern wind in the receptor area over the THB. Accumulation-type heavy pollution exhibits weak wind anomalies in central and eastern China under the control of a uniform pressure field. Furthermore, thermally-induced vertical circulations with sinking airflows in the middle and lower troposphere suppress the vertical air pollutant dispersions. The relative contributions of atmospheric factors for transport-type PM 2.5 heavy pollution events are 38.0% for dynamical driver, 26.8% for thermal driver, and 35.1% for chemical transformation, while in accumulation-type, the contribution rates are 33.9%, 36.3%, and 29.7%, respectively. This study elucidates the influences of synoptic patterns on regional transport, local accumulation, and chemical transformation of PM 2.5 for heavy air pollution, with implications for understanding changes of air quality in the receptor region of regional transport. (c) 2025 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V
Effect of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics on PCBs removal in constructed wetlands planted with <i>Myriophyllum aquaticum</i>
No full textThe co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is an emerging environmental concern. Wetland plants, with their unique anaerobic-aerobic environments, offer a promising approach for PCBs removal. However, the impact of MPs and NPs on PCBs dynamics in constructed wetlands is not well understood. This study examined the influence of polystyrene MPs and NPs of two different sizes on PCBs fate in constructed wetlands featuring Myriophyllum aquaticum. Results showed that although there was no significant difference in overall PCBs removal rates, the presence of MPs increased residues of highly chlorinated PCBs from 331 mu g/kg to 379 mu g/kg, while the presence of NPs increased residues of lightly chlorinated PCBs from 125 mu g/kg to 153 mu g/kg. Additionally, MPs and NPs increased plant uptake of PCBs from 0.08% to 0.10-0.14%, despite potential inhibition of plant growth. While MPs/NPs elevated microorganism counts, they did not affect microbial diversity or community structure. Importantly, MPs significantly inhibited the main PCB-dechlorinating bacteria ( Dehalococcoidia ) and had a greater impact on PCB-degrading enzymes (dioxygenase, K03381) compared to NPs. This study highlights the complex interactions between MPs/NPs and PCBs in wetland environments and their implications for bioremediation strategies
Microstructure and trace element occurrence in molybdenite (MoS2) from the Dexing ore field: Implications for the differential enrichment of rhenium
No full textRhenium (Re), a critical metal of significant importance to national security and military strategies, has garnered extensive attention in recent years. Most of the world's rhenium is extracted from molybdenite in porphyry deposits. As the primary host-mineral of Re, molybdenite (MoS2) is a layered sulfide mineral featuring two hexagonally coordinated sulfur layers enclosing a molybdenum layer. Molybdenite, a mineral commonly found in hydrothermal ore deposits, is similar to other layered minerals in that it exhibits polytypism. Nevertheless, the nanoscale distribution and enrichment mechanisms of rhenium (Re) within molybdenite remain largely enigmatic. This research utilizes high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), in combination with the nanobeam techniques, to explore the occurrence and variable enrichment of rhenium (Re) in molybdenite extracted from the Fujiawu and Tongchang deposits within the Dexing ore field, eastern China, where notably diverse average rhenium contents are observed. The molybdenite polytypes identified in the Dexing ore field encompass 2H1 and 2H1 + 3R, whereas those from Fujiawu are categorized as 2H1 and 2Hd, and those from Tongchang as 2H1, 3R and 2Hd and 3Rd. The disordered molybdenite from the Dexing ore field formed under non-equilibrium conditions, with molybdenite from Fujiawu displaying a higher degree of orderliness compared to that from Tongchang. Rhenium is found adsorbed on the surface of molybdenite from the Dexing ore field in the form of Re-S complexes. By comparing the trace element compositions and microstructures of molybdenite from the Fujiawu and Tongchang deposits, we ascribe the differential enrichment of Re predominantly to the microstructures of molybdenite, the impurity content of ore-forming fluids, the rates of cooling and crystallization during molybdenite formation
Microstructure and trace element occurrence in molybdenite (MoS2) from the Dexing ore field: Implications for the differential enrichment of rhenium
No full textRhenium (Re), a critical metal of significant importance to national security and military strategies, has garnered extensive attention in recent years. Most of the world's rhenium is extracted from molybdenite in porphyry deposits. As the primary host-mineral of Re, molybdenite (MoS2) is a layered sulfide mineral featuring two hexagonally coordinated sulfur layers enclosing a molybdenum layer. Molybdenite, a mineral commonly found in hydrothermal ore deposits, is similar to other layered minerals in that it exhibits polytypism. Nevertheless, the nanoscale distribution and enrichment mechanisms of rhenium (Re) within molybdenite remain largely enigmatic. This research utilizes high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), in combination with the nanobeam techniques, to explore the occurrence and variable enrichment of rhenium (Re) in molybdenite extracted from the Fujiawu and Tongchang deposits within the Dexing ore field, eastern China, where notably diverse average rhenium contents are observed. The molybdenite polytypes identified in the Dexing ore field encompass 2H1 and 2H1 + 3R, whereas those from Fujiawu are categorized as 2H1 and 2Hd, and those from Tongchang as 2H1, 3R and 2Hd and 3Rd. The disordered molybdenite from the Dexing ore field formed under non-equilibrium conditions, with molybdenite from Fujiawu displaying a higher degree of orderliness compared to that from Tongchang. Rhenium is found adsorbed on the surface of molybdenite from the Dexing ore field in the form of Re-S complexes. By comparing the trace element compositions and microstructures of molybdenite from the Fujiawu and Tongchang deposits, we ascribe the differential enrichment of Re predominantly to the microstructures of molybdenite, the impurity content of ore-forming fluids, the rates of cooling and crystallization during molybdenite formation