Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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Multicolor V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> electrochromic films with fast switching and long lifespan for camouflage and information display
No full textV2O5, which has multicolor and energy storage properties, is a promising electrochromic material for multifunctional electrochromic devices, but its practical application is limited by its poor lifespan and long switching time. In this work, high-performance V2O5/TiO2 films were fabricated by spraying a V2O5 solution on in situ-grown TiO2 nanorods. Due to the porous structure formed between the TiO2 nanorods and the remarkable electron transfer performance of TiO2, the switching time of the V2O5/TiO2 films decreased. Moreover, the strong adhesion between the TiO2 nanorods and F-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass and the increased surface roughness of the substrates significantly improved the cycling stability of the V2O5/TiO2 films. With a large transmittance modulation (47.8% at 668 nm), fast response speed (tau(c) = 5.1 s, tau(b) = 4.2 s), and long lifespan, V2O5/TiO2 films were used as electrodes for the electrochromic energy storage device (EESD), which switched in six colors through color overlay: dark orange, sandy yellow, green-yellow, yellow-green, dark green, and dark brown. Inspired by pixel displays, EESDs were designed by segmenting V2O5 films to stagger the display of the electrochromic and ion storage layers, which presented 11 types of information based on different combinations of colors. This work provides inspiration for developing multifunctional electrochromic devices, especially for camouflage and information displays
Backbiting-minimized synthesis of fluorosilicone copolymers with promoter by anionic ring-opening polymerization
No full textA back-biting reaction in fluorosilicone synthesis can compromise its precision-manufactured mechanical properties and deteriorate its molecular properties. This phenomenon can potentially disrupt the intricate structure of fluorosilicone, diminishing its durability and altering its properties over time. Cyclosiloxane with methyl and vinyl groups was added to overcome the limited properties of poly[methyl(trifluoropropyl)siloxane] and conventional rubber for harnessing versatile materials, such as vehicles and spacecraft. In this study, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and allyl methyl carbonate were used as promoters to suppress backbiting reactions, and an improved fluoro-vinyl-methyl silicone (FVMQ) was synthesized. 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the cyclic by-products from the back-biting reaction were inhibited by adding carbonate materials. Moreover, the conversion of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) cyclotrisiloxane also increased as the amount of promoter increased. The roles of varying carbonate promoters in altering the properties of FVMQs were studied using 1H NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the intermediate of FVMQs was prepared and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography to determine the mechanism of suppressing back-biting. The results showed that controlled synthesis of FVMQs by inhibiting the production of cyclic by-products with promoters will improve silicone polymer synthesis and the vehicle industry requiring high yields of fluorosilicone copolymers
Removal of Nitrogen Pollutants in the Chemical Looping Process: A Review
No full textIn the process of fuel utilization, traditional combustion technologies result in the conversion of nitrogen elements in fuels into nitrogen oxides, which are released into the atmosphere, posing serious threats to the environment and human health. The chemical looping process (CLP) is an effective technology for reducing nitrogen-containing (N-containing) pollutants during fuel utilization. During the CLP, the oxygen carrier (OC) can oxidize nitrogen oxide precursors (NH3 and HCN) released from the fuel to N2, while the reduced OC can reduce nitrogen oxides to N2. The achievement of efficient nitrogen pollutant removal relies on the development of highly active oxygen carriers (OCs). This review summarizes the recent progress in the removal of nitrogen pollutants within chemical looping processes (CLPs). It delineates the formation pathways of N-containing pollutants (NH3, HCN, NO, NO2 and N2O) and highlights the performance of various OCs. The influence of reaction conditions and feedstock characteristics is also discussed. Ni-based OCs have demonstrated superior performance in the removal of N-containing pollutants, exhibiting strong oxidation capabilities and excellent catalytic properties. Moreover, iron ore, as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly feedstock, holds promise for wide-scale application. Future research should focus on further optimizing OCs strategies and refining reaction conditions to achieve more efficient and economical N-containing pollutant removal, thereby fostering the widespread application of chemical looping technology in the energy sector
Scalable synthesis of Co2C-covered NiTe (Co2C-NiTe) nanosheets as an efficient electrocatalyst for HER & OER in an alkaline medium
No full textTo tackle global carbon conditions, renewable energy-powered electrochemical water splitting is a promising energy conversion device that can enhance the sustainable hydrogen output of the next generation. Regarding large-scale water splitting, novel non-noble metal-based heterostructures focus on constructing highly efficient electrocatalysts with unique interfaces toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. In this work, to facilitate the limited number of defects in the pure Co2C and NiTe electrocatalysts, we report that NiTe nanoflakes are coupled with a dispersed nanosheet network of the Co2C to develop a Co2C-NiTe composite by interface engineering strategy using a hydrothermal approach. XRD, IV, BET, TEM, XPS, and EDX mapping technologies investigated the 3D structure of as-grown Co2C-NiTe/SS. Electrochemical test results revealed that our bestperforming electrocatalyst delivers a 10 mAcm-2 with low overpotentials of 279 mV and 227 mV for oxidation and reduction reactions, respectively. Remarkably, this catalyst achieves good stability, reaching up to 90 h in one mol alkaline medium. We showed that this excellent activity of Co2C-NiTe is primarily due to the abundant interfacial area and stable anchoring sites, which improve the adsorption-desorption energy for hydroxide/oxyhydroxide species and thereby provide a fast electron transfer rate for OER/HER. In addition, a synergistic effect of Co2C with NiTe presents high electrical conductivity over counterpart electrocatalysts
Energy Recovery from Natural Gas Hydrate and Shallow Gas Reservoirs: Exploring the Impact of Interlayer Gas Cross-Flow Behaviors
No full textThe coproduction of natural gas hydrate (NGH) and shallow gas (SG) represents a promising pathway toward the commercialization of marine hydrate resources. However, there is still a gap in exploring the impact of interlayer gas cross-flow behaviors on the energy recovery from NGH-SG reservoirs and coproduction characteristics with different reservoir properties. In order to address the gap, we conducted numerical simulations to study the production characteristics and interlayer gas cross-flow behaviors based on an NGH-SG reservoir model. The results demonstrate that reservoir properties affect both gas production and interlayer gas cross-flow. Interlayer gas cross-flow during the production process reduces production efficiency. The increase in permeability of shallow gas layer (SGL) is more favorable to improve the gas yield of coproduction compared with the increase in permeability of hydrate-bearing layer (HBL) and thickness of interlayer. Higher HBL permeability improves the gas cross-flow, while increased SGL permeability accelerates gas cross-flow during the early stages of production. Nevertheless, the increase in interlayer thickness mitigates interlayer gas cross-flow. The low-pressure zone of the HBL under the depressurization effect of the wellbore during coproduction is more extensive than that of the SGL, leading to the formation of a large interlayer pressure difference between the two layers. The pressure difference serves as a decisive factor in determining the occurrence of gas cross-flow, in addition to gas permeability, which significantly influences cross-flow velocity. To assess the efficiency of gas production and energy loss during coproduction of NGH-SG reservoirs, we have established an evaluation panel based on the gas-water ratio and yield-loss ratio. Combined energy recovery efficiency and economic efficiency, high SGL permeability is more favorable for coproduction. The findings of this study significantly enhance our understanding of interlayer gas cross-flow behaviors during the development of multilayer reservoirs and provide valuable guidance for the efficient coproduction of NGH-SG reservoirs
Parameter selection for the hydroconversion of waste polyethylene plastic under mild conditions: A comprehensive evaluation
No full textThe hydrogenolysis/hydrocracking of waste polyethylene (PE) has recently been intensively studied, with the general pursuit of low-temperature reaction conditions, increased oil-phase yield, and narrower carbon chain distribution. Before this, we utilized a ball-milled ZSM-22 catalyst loaded with Ru nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibited excellent hydroconversion performance. It deconstructed PE into >80 wt.% oil products under low temperatures and short reaction times. Herein, we investigated the influence of varying temperature/pressure parameters on the degree of specific hydrocracking/internal hydrogenolysis/terminal hydrogenolysis reactions. From the comprehensive energy efficiency perspective, including stirring, reaction, and product separation, as well as taking into account the degree of product isomerization and catalyst lifespan, we analyzed the optimization of parameters. This research abandons the notion that lower temperatures are better and proposes a more comprehensive evaluation framework for low-consumption hydroconversion of PE to produce high-value products
Excellent efficiency and cycling performance for organic pollutant degradation using Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> tubular photocatalysts with heterojunction structures
No full textAntimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a common and practical metal sulfide, and photocatalysis with metal sulfide is a viable solution for addressing significant water pollution issues. Simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was used to successfully produce Sb2S3 tubes for photocatalysis in this research. XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS and UV-Vis were used to examine the crystal structure, composition, morphology, and optical properties of the products. The photocatalytic activity of the Sb2S3 tubes was tested using a xenon lamp to simulate sunshine, methyl orange (MO) as a target degradation substance, and tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) as a degradation substance. The results reveal that under xenon lamp illumination, the constructed Sb2S3 tubes has an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate for MO. The photocatalytic degradation rate of MO reaches 98.4% after 4 h, indicating good cycle performance, after five cycles, the degradation rate is 86.4%. During photocatalytic degradation, Sb2S3 was corroded and antimony oxide (Sb2O3) was formed. Sb2O3 on antimony Sb2S3 forms a Sb2S3/Sb2O3 heterojunction, which speeds up the reaction rate and improves cycling stability
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