Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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Evaluation of an air-breathing anion-exchange membrane fuel cell based on Pd0.9-Cu0.1/rGO anode catalyst for low ethanol sensing
No full textBreath alcohol analyzers (BrAAs) can utilize anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) as an alternative to proton exchange membrane ones, allowing non-platinum catalysts in BrAA structure. In this respect, an anode catalyst consisting of Pd0.9-Cu0.1/rGO is used in the AEMFC catalyst layer to sense low ethanol concentration solution in the presence of carbonate. In addition to catalyst structural analysis, the performance of the prepared AEMFC is evaluated using the electrochemical tests. Polarization curves of the air-breathing passive ethanol fuel cell show a high power density output of 189 mWcm-2 at 2 M of ethanol. To assess the sensitivity of the AEMFC, the polarization and V-t curves are investigated at low ethanol concentrations of 5-50 mmolL-1. According to the obtained results, the sensor's highest sensitivity is achieved at 300 mV, indicating that voltage can be used for sensitivity control. In addition, the separation of the anode and cathode polarization curves shows that the anode current density increases with ethanol concentration, whereas the cathode current density remains constant. Overall, the sensitivity and repeatability evaluations represent Pd0.9-Cu0.1/rGO as an appropriate anode catalyst in the new generation of breath alcohol analyzers based on AEMFC
Core labs at Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) , Hamad Bin Khalifa University
No full textRecent progress in thermal catalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub>: Insights into synergies with alkane or biomass transformations
No full textTo achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, thermal catalytic reactions that convert CO2 2 into various commodity chemicals offer promising solutions. This review summarizes four prevalent types of CO2 2 thermal catalysts tailored for producing CO, alcohols, hydrocarbons, and cyclic carbonates. A comprehensive examination is provided on the mechanisms of these catalysts, including the redox mechanism and the formate mechanism for CO2 2 to CO, the CO intermediate pathway and the formate pathway from CO2 2 to methanol, as well as the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTs) route and the methanol-mediated route from CO2 2 to hydrocarbons. Key emphasis is placed on the mechanism-guided design of these catalysts and the identification and engineering of their active sites to improve catalytic performance. Furthermore, recognizing the substantial requirement of H2 2 in the thermal catalytic conversion of CO2, 2 , we examine the feasibility of the co-conversion of CO2 2 and alkanes/ biomass for overcoming the thermodynamic equilibrium limit of individual conversion and elucidate the synergistic mechanisms and catalyst development strategies for the coupling reactions. Building on this knowledge, the future direction of the co-conversion of CO2 2 and alkanes/biomass is evaluated, including the rational design of novel bifunctional catalysts via the selection of active metal/metal oxides, the introduction of doping and defects, and the engineering of supports, compositions, and morphologies. This review aims to lay the foundation for an in-depth investigation into the co-conversion of CO2 2 and alkanes/biomass
Liaoning Tech-nical Innovation Centre of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engi-neering[LTICIEEE-22-01]
No full textElectric syntrophy-driven modulation of Fe<SUP>0</SUP>-dependent microbial denitrification
No full textIn natural or engineered anaerobic environments, iron oxidation-driven microbial denitrification plays a critical role in the water or wastewater treatment. Herein, we report a previously unidentified metallic iron (Fe0)dependent denitrification mode driven by the electro-syntrophic interaction between electroactive microorganism and denitrifier. In a model denitrifying consortium of Shewanella oneidensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we find that P. aeruginosa can accept electrons for nitrate reduction via the constructed electron transfer system of Fe0-S. oneidensis-P. aeruginosa. In the electro-syntrophic consortium, the membrane-bound CymA-OmcA-MtrC protein complexes of S. oneidensis drive the generation, transfer and consumption of electrons, thus enabling modulation of microbial metabolic activity. Specially, using Fe0 as the sole electron donor, S. oneidensis can act as a bio-engine to harvest electrons and conserve energy from Fe0 biocorrosion. Electrons released by S. oneidensis are utilized by P. aeruginosa for accomplishing microbial denitrification. Metatranscriptomics analysis demonstrated that the direct electron cross-feeding process facilitates the expression of genes encoding for denitrification enzymes, intracellular electron transfer proteins, and quorum sensing of P. aeruginosa. The Fe0dependent electronic syntrophy in this work could provide a metabolic window for the growth of denitrifiers that is a new insight into nitrate removal or global nitrogen cycle
Analysis, risk assessment and treatment of aquatic micro/nanoplastics: A critical review
No full textAquatic micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) as a global environmental pollutant, energetically prefers to the adsorption of heavy metals and organic matter in water, which is a serious threat to the ecological environment and people's health. At present, compared with hot research of M/NPs source, migration, transformation, reorientation and ecotoxicological effect, analysis and treatment of M/NPs in water environments is still in early stages. In this work, this review summarizes a panorama of the state-of-the-art progress related to the aquatic M/NPs analysis, including water collection, sample pretreatment and M/NPs identification. The construction and characteristics of each identification methods could be introduced, namely optical or electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This is followed by a consideration of the risk assessment for aquatic M/NPs by employing different indicators. Apart from that, the review has clear clarification of M/NPs treatment methods based on its mechanism, such as coagulating sedimentation, filtering, adsorption, advanced oxidation process, disinfection process, traditional activated sludge process, membrane bioreactor and constructed wetland method. The removal performance, influence factors, limitations and future development directions of these treatment processes for M/NPs are also discussed and summarized. Last but not least, future opportunities and challenges for aquatic M/NPs analysis and treatment are presented. This review can not only serve as a scientific guidance to promote the progress of techniques and accelerate its large-scale application, but also provide new insights toward future research
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