Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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Scalable Fabrication Methods of Large-Area (n-<i>i</i>-p) Perovskite Solar Panels
No full textOrganometal halide perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) comparable to the leading crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV technology. However, despite their exceptional performance, these perovskite solar cells (PSCs) face technological challenges such as large-area fabrication complexities and outdoor stability concerns. These challenges need to be addressed to pave the way for the commercialization of PSCs. The key to commercializing PSCs lies in developing stable, large-area solar modules that offer both high efficiency and reliability. Overcoming the hurdles of large-area module design and fabrication is a crucial step, and researchers are exploring innovative solutions to tackle these challenges. This review article primarily focuses on the development of large-area PSCs, recent advancements in this field, and the obstacles related to scaling up this technology. It delves into the techniques used to fabricate perovskite films, with a special emphasis on large-area and large-scale PSC manufacturing methods. Moreover, the review highlights stability concerns that perovskite solar modules (PSMs) face and reports on recent progress in addressing these issues. The article concludes by summarizing potential future research directions aimed at realizing the full commercial potential of this innovative and promising solar cell technology
Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene over Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts: A Double-Edged Sword Effect of Strong Metal-Support Interaction
No full textStrong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which has drawn widespread attention in heterogeneous catalysis, is thought to significantly affect the catalytic performance for volatile organic chemical (VOC) abatement. In the present study, strong interactions between platinum and ceria are constructed by modulating the oxygen vacancy concentration of CeO2 through a NaBH4 reduction method. For a catalyst with higher content of oxygen vacancy, more electrons would transfer from ceria to Pt, which is attributed to the stronger effect of SMSI. The obtained electron-richer Pt sites exhibit higher ability for toluene activation, contributing to better performance for toluene oxidation. On the other hand, the stronger metal-support interaction would facilitate CeOx species migrating to the Pt nanoparticle surface and forming an encapsulated structure. Smaller Pt dispersion leads to fewer sites for toluene adsorption and activation, which is to the disadvantage of the reaction. Therefore, taking the negative and positive effects together, the Pt/CeO2-0.5 catalyst has the highest catalytic performance for toluene abatement. Our study provides new insights into strong metal-support interaction on toluene oxidation and contributes to designing noble metal catalysts for VOC abatement
Zr-decorated hyper-cross-linked polymers for highly selective upgrading of furfural to furfuryl alcohol
No full textIn the present study, the ultra-large specific surface area Zr-decorated hyper-cross-linked polymers (HP) were firstly developed for the catalytic production of furfuryl alcohol (FOL) from furfural (FAL) using isopropanol as both the hydrogen source and solvent. Comprehensive characterizations were performed to uncover the basic physicochemical properties. The as-prepared Zr/HP showed large specific surface area of similar to 1000 m(2)/g, good dispersion of Zr species, plentiful acidity and basicity. 2.5Zr/HP presented the highest activity in the FAL-to-FOL transformation, wherein 97.4 % FAL conversion and 92.9 % FOL yield were achieved within 2 h at 160 degrees C. The recycling experiments revealed that the as-fabricated Zr-decorated hyper-cross-linked polymers presented good recyclability without significant loss of reactivity even after two consecutive cycles, owing to the strong interaction between hyper-cross-linked polymers and grafted Zr species. Kinetical analysis verified that the activation energy for transfer hydrogenation of FAL could be lowered to a certain degree, especially in the case of lower Zr loadings. More gratifyingly, the Zr-decorated hyper-cross-linked polymers were capable of catalyzing other unsaturated compounds with high conversion rates. In addition, the plausible pathway for the FAL-to-FOL transformation over Zr-decorated hyper-cross-linked polymers was proposed
Heat generation rate estimation of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles by BP-based optimized neural network
No full textAccurate estimation of heat generation rate (HGR) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical and essential task for their decent thermal management, thereby facilitating the safe driving of electric vehicles (EVs). In order to improve the accuracy of HGR estimation and reduce the structural complexity of network, a data-driven strategy is developed through integrating Bayesian optimization (BO), Adam optimization, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Back Propagation (BP) neural network. The BO algorithm is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters of the BP neural network for prediction accuracy enhancement. The PCA is employed to extract the feature matrix thereby reducing the complexity of inputs. The Adam optimization algorithm is used to improve computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed strategy was validated based on a dataset derived from lab-scale experiments, as well as a publicly available dataset regarding practical driving conditions. The test results show that the proposed strategy can achieve accurate HGR estimation and result in a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0504 W, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0628 W, and a R2 of 0.9998. Compared to some other HGR estimation methods, the proposed strategy achieved a significant enhancement in accuracy indexes, indicating its superior accuracy and robustness
Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project - Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA29010500]
No full textTechno-Economic Analysis of Hydrogen as a Storage Solution in an Integrated Energy System for an Industrial Area in China
No full textThis study proposes four kinds of hybrid source-grid-storage systems consisting of photovoltaic and wind energy, and a power grid including different batteries and hydrogen storage systems for Sanjiao town. HOMER-PRO was applied for the optimal design and techno-economic analysis of each case, aiming to explore reproducible energy supply solutions for China's industrial clusters. The results show that the proposed system is a fully feasible and reliable solution for industry-based towns, like Sanjiao, in their pursuit of carbon neutrality. In addition, the source-side price sensitivity analysis found that the hydrogen storage solution was cost-competitive only when the capital costs on the storage and source sides were reduced by about 70%. However, the hydrogen storage system had the lowest carbon emissions, about 14% lower than the battery ones. It was also found that power generation cost reduction had a more prominent effect on the whole system's NPC and LCOE reduction. This suggests that policy support needs to continue to push for generation-side innovation and scaling up, while research on different energy storage types should be encouraged to serve the needs of different source-grid-load-storage systems
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