Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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Effects of biochar, granular activated carbon, and magnetite on the electron transfer of microbials during the anaerobic digestion process: Insights into nitrogen heterocyclic compounds degradation
No full textAnaerobic digestion (AD) of the hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase is often inhibited by high levels of nitrogen heterocyclics, which hinder its valorization. Despite the potential benefits of conductive materials in promoting the degradation of toxic compounds through the establishment of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), there is still a gap in the understanding of their role and related mechanisms in nitrogen heterocyclic degradation. In this study, the AD process was improved by the addition of conductive materials. Subsequently, the cumulative methane production increased by 7.2% (with biochar), 15.4% (with granular activated carbon), and 24.3% (with magnetite). Besides, The addition of conductive materials significantly improved the complexity and stability of the microbial communities, especially the DIET potential micro-organisms-Methanosaetaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae, Anaerolineaceae, Clostridiaceae, Geobacteraceae, Desul-fovibrionaceae. Thermodynamic analysis and pyridine degradation pathways further supported enhanced pyridine degradation via the addition of conductive materials
Numerical simulation of electricity generation potential through five vertical wells at Fengshun geothermal field in China
No full textFengshun geothermal field is the first medium low temperature geothermal field to exploit geothermal energy for electricity generation in China. Due to poor economy and low efficiency, the geothermal power plant was forced to shut down in 2016. In this work, based on the geological data of the well ZK11, we proposed a new heat exploitation scheme with five vertical wells and a binary system, computed the power generation potential and efficiency, and analyzed the main factors influencing heat production. The results indicate that through the five vertical wells, the system attains an electrical power of 1.49-1.05 MW, a reservoir impedance of 0.23-0.29 MPa/ (kg/s), a pump power of 0.30-0.49 MW, and an electrical energy efficiency of 4.55-2.12. The electric power of unit flow rate is 22.4-31.7 times that of the existing power plant. Thus, this five -vertical -well system has significant development potential for medium low temperature hydrothermal field. The sensitivity analysis indicates that overburden and underburden permeability, water production rate and injection temperature have a significant impact on heat production performance. Increasing the overburden or underburden permeability will significantly reduce reservoir impedance and increase energy efficiency. Reducing the water production rate and injection temperature within a certain range can improve energy efficiency. This work also provides a guideline for the exploitation and power generation of future medium low temperature hydrothermal field in Fengshun and other sites under similar conditions
Borate-Functionalized Disiloxane as Effective Electrolyte Additive for 4.5 V LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Graphite Batteries
No full textNi-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is considered the most prominent cathode material to establish a practical high energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for future electric vehicles. The energy density of LIBs is greatly determined by the capacity of electrode materials and the operating voltage of the cells. To further improve the cycle lifespan of NCM811 batteries to meet the requirement of driving range for the electric vehicle market, it is vital to design a novel electrolyte additive that can enhance the stability of the cathode/electrolyte interface at a wide range of voltage. Herein, a novel borate functionalized disiloxane compound, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)propyl) disiloxane (PMBPDS), is synthesized as cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film-forming additive to improve the cycling performance of NCM811 batteries. Systematic studies reveal that PMBPDS can construct a stable CEI film on the NCM811 surface and efficiently scavenge hydrofluoric acid (HF). The PMBPDS-derived CEI prevents the dissolution of transmission metals in the NCM811 cathode and enhances the capacity retention of NCM811/graphite cells from 68.3 to 70.6% after 200 cycles at 1 C in the voltage window of 3-4.5 V. This work provides more understanding on designing the molecular structure of additive compounds for improving the electrochemical performance of LIBs
Bioethanol Production from Alkali-Treated Corn Stover via Acidic Adjustment by Furfural Residue
No full textThe unwashed alkali-treated lignocellulose can be directly enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented via pH adjustment with acids. The use of acids would give a burden on production cost. Furfural residue (FR) which is the acidic solid waste from lignocellulose-derived furfural production process was employed in this study as a pH regulator. The corn cob-derived FR was used to adjust the pH value of alkali-treated corn stover (PCS) to 4.8 for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. The unwashed PCS adjusted by FR got higher enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency (EHE) than the washed PCS samples. Meanwhile, the mixing of PCS and FR had a synergistic effect on the EHE of PCS. The fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate from unwashed PCS-FR mixture at 20% solid concentration could attain ethanol production of 26.54 +/- 0.02 mg/mL with a yield of 89.53 +/- 0.08%. This work created a novel recycling way of FR as a pH regulator for improving the bioconversion of alkali-treated lignocellulose. It also provided a novel clue for the valuable valorization of wastes from corn production
Bioethanol Production from Alkali-Treated Corn Stover via Acidic Adjustment by Furfural Residue
No full textThe unwashed alkali-treated lignocellulose can be directly enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented via pH adjustment with acids. The use of acids would give a burden on production cost. Furfural residue (FR) which is the acidic solid waste from lignocellulose-derived furfural production process was employed in this study as a pH regulator. The corn cob-derived FR was used to adjust the pH value of alkali-treated corn stover (PCS) to 4.8 for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. The unwashed PCS adjusted by FR got higher enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency (EHE) than the washed PCS samples. Meanwhile, the mixing of PCS and FR had a synergistic effect on the EHE of PCS. The fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate from unwashed PCS-FR mixture at 20% solid concentration could attain ethanol production of 26.54 +/- 0.02 mg/mL with a yield of 89.53 +/- 0.08%. This work created a novel recycling way of FR as a pH regulator for improving the bioconversion of alkali-treated lignocellulose. It also provided a novel clue for the valuable valorization of wastes from corn production
An experimental study of the blue whirl: Effect of fuel surface diameter
No full textDiameter of liquid fuel surface is generally an important factor for pool fires. This work studies the effect of diameter of liquid fuel surface on the flame dynamics of the blue whirl formed on a concaved smooth metal surface with a 10-degree inclination. The results show that diameter of liquid fuel surface has a significant influence on the formation and evolution of the blue whirl. When the fuel surface diameter is in the range of 25 mm = 50 mm, the blue whirl becomes unstable, that is a yellow whirling flame is generated in the center region of the envelope of the blue whirl, forming a transitional state. As the fuel surface diameter increases, both the circulation and flame width of the blue whirl show a nearlinear growth. The liftoff height of the flame edge in the stable state of blue whirl varies linearly with fuel diameter, while remaining almost constant in the transitional state. Whereas the flame precession frequency of blue whirl increases linearly with the increase of circulation, the precession radius keeps nearly constant. The mass burning rate per unit area of the blue whirl decreases with increasing the fuel surface diameter. A radiative heat transfer model for the blue whirl is established based on radiation theory, and the modified burning rate expressions for the stable and transitional states of the blue whirl are obtained using the model and experimental measurements. Further scaling laws, based on dimensional analysis, are proposed for predicting the flame geometric features and flame precession frequency of the blue whirl. This work provides experiments of the flame dynamics at various fuel surface diameters and insights into the physics of the blue whirl
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