Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIT)[2020R1A5A1019131]
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Experimental studies and pore-scale modeling of hydrate dissociation kinetics at different depressurization rates in a cubic hydrate simulator
No full textNatural gas hydrate (NGH) is a promising energy resource that has triggered a race for scientific innovation in energy and environmental research. However, there still faces the challenges of low-efficiency hydrate dissociation and unstable gas production during the hydrate production. Clarifying the kinetic mechanism of hydrate dissociation is the key to improving the efficiency of "phase-transition to gas-supply" in hydrate-bearing sediment. This study successfully conducts hydrate dissociation experiments with different depressurization rates in the Cubic Hydrate Simulator (CHS). A novel dissociation kinetic model integrating the hydrate pore-scale morphology and its evolutions are established, and the sensitivities of the kinetic and thermal parameters are discussed in detail. The mathematical relationship between the hydrate saturation and reaction area is quantitatively analyzed for the hydrate formation and dissociation kinetics. The history matching simulation with the newly developed model achieves an excellent agreement with the experimental results. The full-lifecycle kinetic behaviors of the hydrate dissociation in the depressurization experiments are finely characterized. It is found that the evolutions of the hydrate saturation (SH) and temperature (T) spatial distributions exhibit strong heterogeneous characteristics in the vessel due to the phase transition and heat transfer effects. In addition, this reveals that the relatively high depressurization rate can lead to a more significant dissociation rate in the depressurization stage. This provides a new reliable and adaptable method for describing the hydrate dissociation kinetics in the porous media
Efficient utilization of abandoned mines for isobaric compressed air energy storage
No full textThere are massive abandoned coalmines and corresponding underground space, which provides a viable solution to energy storage of renewable energy generation. Here a novel scheme of isobaric compressed air energy storage (CAES) is proposed to improve the performance of energy storage in underground space. Energy recovery efficiency and energy storage density of isobaric CAES are respectively 70.60 % and 5.74 kWh/m3, while they are 70.56 %, 1.14 kWh/m3 and 60.19 %, 2.46 kWh/m3 respectively for pumped hydro storage and isochoric CAES. Abandoned mining fields can install photovoltaic and wind power, while underground tunnels can storage energy, transforming abandoned mines into a renewable energy support base with electricity generation and storage integrated into a site. Electrical energy with low frequency and high frequency in the base can all be used by driving compressors and heaters respectively. Besides, isobaric CAES can provide space heating and cooling simultaneously through using interstage compression heat and expanding refrigeration technique
A novel Ca-Ni looping with carbonation heat thermochemical regeneration method for post-combustion CO2 capture: System integration, energy-saving mechanism, and performance sensitivity analysis
No full textThermal coupling between the calcium looping (CaL) process and chemical looping combustion (CaL-CLC) offers advantages to avoid electricity consumption of air separation, and the CaL-CLC has presented superior performance realizing CO2 capture. However, in these CaL-CLC and CaL configurations for post-combustion CO2 capture, the carbonation heat is recovered for steam generation with a significant temperature difference, leading to considerable irreversible loss. To prevent the temperature mismatch during carbonation heat recovery, this paper proposes the concept of Ca-Ni looping with the carbonation heat thermochemical regeneration method. Additionally, a novel system integrating with a combined cycle is introduced to effectively decarbonize flue gas. Results show that the proposed system has superior performance compared with the reference system based on the Ca-Cu looping method. The specific energy consumption for CO2 avoided (SPECCA) decreased from 2.13 MJ/kg CO2 in the reference system to 1.43 MJ/kg CO2. Exergy analysis indicates that a total 6.3 % exergy destruction reduction is realized by replacing the Cu-based chemical looping combustion with the Ni-based oxidation reaction for calcination heat supply. Furthermore, the energy utilization diagram (EUD) reveals the mechanism of exergy destruction reduction caused by the thermal coupling between reaction processes. Besides, the impact of key operating parameters on the proposed system performance is investigated. Overall, the proposed Ca-Ni looping with carbonation heat regeneration method enhances the utilization of mid-temperature carbonation heat by converting it into high-grade thermal energy suitable for combined cycles, thereby offering a promising alternative for low-energy-consumption CO2 capture
Human bare and clothing-covered skin exposure to chlorinated paraffins for the general populations: Exposure pattern differential and significance of indirect dermal exposure via clothing-to-skin transport
No full textTo investigate human exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) through dermal and oral intake via hand-to-mouth contact, wipes from the face, forearm, hand, and foot of 30 volunteers were sampled. The concentration of SCCPs and MCCPs ranged from 0.66 to 119 and 0.71 to 565 mu g/m2, respectively. Hands exhibited significantly higher CPs concentrations than other skin areas, indicating that direct contact with indoor surfaces contributed considerable CP levels on this bare skin area. Gender differences in CP levels were observed in wipes from all locations, except for the hands, possibly because of the significant variability in residuals on the hands. A significant positive relationship was found between CP levels on the hands and faces, and the CP ratios of the hands/faces were related to log KOA. Bare skin showed more significant variations in CP partitioning among related congeners and between genders than skin covered by clothing, as elucidated by the linear analysis of RSD and log KOA. Although concentrations on clothing-covered areas were relatively lower than on bare skin, the median estimated dermal absorption doses of SCCPs and MCCPs (152 and 737 ng/kg bw/day, respectively) for the entire body were approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those for oral ingestion (1.62 and 7.94 ng/kg bw/day, respectively), emphasizing indirect dermal uptake as a significant exposure pathway for humans
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