Institutional Repository of GuangZhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS
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An effective tandem leaching method for recovering precious metals from depleted ternary lithium-ion batteries
No full textThe increasing volume of spent ternary lithium batteries necessitates the development of an environmentally friendly and efficient recycling process tailored for these batteries. This paper introduces an innovative leaching system that employs oxalic acid and its derivative, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), as leaching agents, specifically designed to selectively recover Li and other valuable metals from the cathode materials of discarded ternary lithium batteries, Li(NixCoyMn1-xy)O2 (NCM). These findings indicate that oxalic acid is capable of selectively leaching Li without the need for reducing agents, whereas DES effectively segregates and leaches other valuable metals. The optimal parameters determined through orthogonal experiments for the initial leaching stage included a solid-to-liquid ratio of 15 g L-1, leaching duration of 3 h, temperature of 75 degrees C, and stirring speed of 400 rpm, resulting in a Li leaching rate of 99.95%. In the subsequent step, DES enabled the precipitation of Ni and the leaching of Co and Mn within 2 h at 110 degrees C, achieving recovery rate of 99.88% for Ni, 98.1% for Co, and 90% for Mn, while also significantly optimizing the recovery conditions. This breakthrough may offer an environmentally benign and effective method for the selective recovery of Li and other valuable metals
The Thermodynamic-Analysis-Derived Structure Optimization on the Solar Thermal Localized Desalination and Water-Treatments
No full textThe solar thermal localization (STL) technology is promising and cost-effective for desalination or wastewater treatments, but currently in an insufficient status on its structure optimization. This study emphasized the water-cooled STL (WSTL) system and its step-forward modifications, involving the air-insulated WSTL (AWSTL) system and the vacuum WSTL (VWSTL) system, together with their thermodynamic modeling analysis on energy-water conversions, heat-mass transfers, and energy losses. Results indicated the best-performing VWSTL mode can achieve a freshwater yield as high as 1.503 kgm-2h-1 at energy efficiency of 68.0% (the light intensity at 1500 Wm-2 indoor), and that of 4.31 kgm-2day-1 at energy efficiency of 47.5% (the 8-h averaged solar light intensity at 769.7 Wm-2 outdoor per-day) whose energy efficiency is exceeded all competitors in open literature. There likely is an improvement space in applying better evaporation materials.
This paper designs three well-performing solar thermal localized desalination devices. They possess outstanding freshwater collection rates and corresponding energy efficiencies. This paper also provides a thermodynamic analysis of the devices and dissects the form of energy conversion of each component. It has theoretical guidance and practical use for seawater desalination and water treatment. imag
The Thermodynamic-Analysis-Derived Structure Optimization on the Solar Thermal Localized Desalination and Water-Treatments
No full textThe solar thermal localization (STL) technology is promising and cost-effective for desalination or wastewater treatments, but currently in an insufficient status on its structure optimization. This study emphasized the water-cooled STL (WSTL) system and its step-forward modifications, involving the air-insulated WSTL (AWSTL) system and the vacuum WSTL (VWSTL) system, together with their thermodynamic modeling analysis on energy-water conversions, heat-mass transfers, and energy losses. Results indicated the best-performing VWSTL mode can achieve a freshwater yield as high as 1.503 kgm-2h-1 at energy efficiency of 68.0% (the light intensity at 1500 Wm-2 indoor), and that of 4.31 kgm-2day-1 at energy efficiency of 47.5% (the 8-h averaged solar light intensity at 769.7 Wm-2 outdoor per-day) whose energy efficiency is exceeded all competitors in open literature. There likely is an improvement space in applying better evaporation materials.
This paper designs three well-performing solar thermal localized desalination devices. They possess outstanding freshwater collection rates and corresponding energy efficiencies. This paper also provides a thermodynamic analysis of the devices and dissects the form of energy conversion of each component. It has theoretical guidance and practical use for seawater desalination and water treatment. imag
Numerical analysis of dynamic behaviors of underwater towed system with hydrofoil manipulations
No full textThis paper addresses the dynamic characteristics of an underwater towed system under manipulations of synchronous hydrofoils, considering the coupling of instantaneous fluid forces on the complete systems and hydrofoil control, which is usually difficult to solve with existing methods. A hydrodynamic model coupled with hydrofoil control algorithms is presented, wherein the hydrodynamic forces on the hydrofoils and Underwater Towed Vehicle (UTV) are simulated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, and the fluid forces on the Towing Cable (TC) are described using a flexible cable dynamic model. The dynamic behaviors of the underwater towed system under depth-undulating, depth-tracking, and depth-keeping controls of hydrofoils are analyzed using the proposed model. The results show that the towing speed has a significant effect on the control efficiency of the hydrofoils. The dynamic responses of the underwater towed system increase or decrease more significantly in submerged depth control operations than in freely towing operations. The hydrofoils can achieve satisfactory effects in submerged depth control for the UTV at an appropriate towing speed, whereas it fails at a lower towing speed and noticeable dynamic response oscillations occur simultaneously. This study is expected to provide guidance on both hydrodynamic and control issues of underwater towed systems
Spatial and temporal evolution of cost-competitive offshore hydrogen in China: A techno-economic analysis
No full textChina's ascendancy as the premier offshore wind power developer and principal hydrogen consumer underscores the expanding demand for green hydrogen, which is vital to its decarbonization trajectory. Offshore wind power is recognized as a crucial pathway for the future supply of green hydrogen, and further exploration of its development potential and economic viability can provide important insights for optimizing resource allocation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and ensuring energy security. This study analyzed the potential and regional economic differences in offshore wind energy for hydrogen production in China's coastal regions by considering the temporal evolution of techno-economic parameters and the spatial and temporal characteristics of geospatial resources. The findings suggest a potential hydrogen production capacity of 434-493 Mt/year in Chinese waters, with the average levelized cost of hydrogen projected to decline from 7.13 /kgH2 by 2050, which is attributed to advancements in wind turbine technology and cost reductions in components. By 2030, hydrogen production of 40 Mt/year is expected to be cost-competitive, especially in Liaoning and Hebei, with projections indicating an increase to 435 Mt/year by 2050. Notably, floating wind power, contributing to 54 % of China's total offshore hydrogen capacity, holds significant promise for provinces such as Guangdong, Hainan, and Zhejiang. The study conclude that China's offshore hydrogen production has significant potential, with cost-competitive production achievable by 2030 and broad economic viability anticipated by 2050
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