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Beyond Cars: Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Non-Automotive Applications
No full textAs a century-old classical reaction, Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis is undergoing new developments especially in its applications of producing jet fuel, olefins, aromatics and oxygenated chemicals, which are completely different from the conventional F-T product, gasoline, diesel and wax. Producing above new products is not obeying famous ASF distribution law, requiring revolutionary design of new F-T catalysts and reaction pathways. A mass of new research directions on F-T synthesis for these liquid fuels and high-value chemicals are successfully proposed. This review spotlights recent new advances based on F-T synthesis for non-automotive applications, and discusses its new possible directions in future
Membranes Fabricated by Solvent treatment for Flow Battery: Effects of initial structures and intrinsic properties
No full textSolvent treatment has been proved to be a very simple and effective method to prepare high-performance porous membranes for flow batteries. However, the initial morphology and the properties of membrane materials will exert pivotal effects on the resultant performance of porous membranes. In this paper, according to comparing the differences in the morphology and performance of untreated and treated porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes with different porous structures, the influence of the initial morphology of membranes was clarified in detail. Moreover, the differences in the morphology and performance of untreated and treated porous poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polusulfone (PSF) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membranes were also investigated. By comparing various properties of PES, PVDF, PSF and PVDF-HFP polymers, the importance and criteria for selecting proper membrane materials when using the solvent treatment method were clarified. Furthermore, the VFB assembled with the resultant membrane could achieve an energy efficiency of 82.93% at 80 mA cm(-2), which could be comparable to that of the commercial Nafion 115. Therefore, this article is beneficial for designing high-performance porous membranes for flow batteries
