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Recent Progress in Catalytic Oxidative Transformations of Alcohols by Supported Gold Nanoparticles
No full textCatalytic oxidative transformations of alcohols constitute one of the greatly important protocols for the synthesis of various aldehydes, ketones, acids, imines, amides, etc. that are required to make drug intermediates, food additives, plastics, detergents and cosmetics. The potential of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in catalytic oxidation reactions is generally competent owing to their tendency to activate oxygen. Supports play a conspicuous and increasingly important role not only in the preparation and stabilization of Au NPs, but also can address the issues of sustainability by facilitating separation and reusability of the catalyst. This review aims to systematically discuss the impressive developments in catalytic oxidative transformations of alcohols promoted by supported Au NPs in the last five years. These Au NPs exhibit unique electronic properties and crystal structures, which gives us an excellent opportunity to correlate atomic structure with intrinsic catalytic properties over Au NPs. The effect of a support on the significant properties of Au NPs in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, recyclability, and stability is discussed at length. The tentative reaction mechanisms and the structure-performance relationships are also discussed at appropriate places, which will provide some clues for the design of efficient Au NPs-based catalysts
The Influence of Sodium Iodide Salt on the Interfacial Properties of Aqueous Methanol Solution by a Combined Molecular Simulation and Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Study
No full textUnderstanding the influence of salt ions on the microscopic properties of liquid interfaces is of both fundamental and practical importance. A large number of previous experimental and theoretical investigations have explored the salt effects on the surfaces of either pure water or neat organic liquid. However, how the salt ions affect the interfacial structures of water/organic liquid mixtures has rarely been studied. Here, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) were carried out to investigate the influence of sodium iodide (NaI) on the air/liquid interfaces of the methanol-water mixtures. The SFG-VS spectral intensities were discovered to increase with the addition of 3 M NgI while the center frequencies of the C-H stretching vibrations at high methanol concentrations showed a similar to 2 cm(-1) blue shift compared with those obtained before adding NaI. The MD results indicated that Na+ and I- can only affect Part I (near the bulk phase) but not Part II (near the gas phase) of the interfacial region. It was also found that the average orientations of interfacial methyl groups were constant and not effectively disturbed by the changes of methanol concentrations or the addition of NaI. It is therefore concluded that the changes of the SFG-VS intensities upon the addition of NaI salts were mainly caused by the increasing number of interfacial methanol molecules. Further analysis showed that the existence of NaI affects the surface tensions more for the interfaces with higher bulk methanol concentrations, which is in agreement with the SFG-VS results. It is noteworthy that the maximum number density of methanol molecules with the net nonzero orientations is reached near the Gibbs dividing surface, the reasons of which are worth further investigating
Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University[SKLCSB2017KF002]
No full textCapillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Analysis of Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog
No full textProstate cancer is the most frequently occurred cancer in males. Phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN ) deficiency often occurs in prostate cancer and induces metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic vulnerabilities induced by PTEN deficiency may provide therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Here, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry ( CE-MS ) based metabolomics analysis was used for analyzing metabolic changes induced by PTEN deficiency in prostate cancer cell DU145 and normal prostate cell RWPE1. 200 and 214 metabolites were detected, and 28 and 37 differential metabolites were authenticated in PTEN knock-downed DU145 and RWPE1 cells compared to their controls , respectively. Threonic acid levels increased , while isobutyrylcarnitine , adenosine diphosphate , N-glycolylneuraminic acid, Asp hypotaurine levels decreased after PTEN silencing in both cell lines. The specific metabolites changes in DU145 after PTEN silencing were L-2-HG, glycerophosphocholine , thiamine, the ratio of GSH to GSSG, and all of them were increased. These metabolites can promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Creatinine, carnosine and N-acetylneuraminic acid , which had been reported to be biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and prognosis, were regulated by PTEN deficiency. Metabolites changes induced by PTEN deficiency only or combined effect of PTEN deficiency and other cancer-related genes were identified
characteristicsofthecoseismicgeomagneticdisturbancesrecordedduringthe2008mw79wenchuanearthquakeandtwounexplainedproblems
No full textTwenty-seven FHDZ-M15 combined geomagnetic observation systems (each of which is equipped with a fluxgate magnetometer and a proton magnetometer) had been installed in the China geomagnetic network before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, during which coseismic disturbances were recorded by 26 fluxgate magnetometer observatories. The geomagnetic disturbances have similar spatial and temporal patterns to seismic waves, except for various delays. Six proton magnetometer observatories recorded coseismic disturbances with very small amplitudes. In addition, fluxgate magnetometers registered largeamplitude disturbances that are likely to have included responses to seismic waves. However, two problems remain unresolved. First, why do these geomagnetic disturbances always arrive later than P waves? Second, why do the geomagnetic disturbances have spatial and temporal directivity similar to the main rupture direction of the earthquake? Solving these two problems may be crucial to find the mechanism responsible for generating these geomagnetic anomalies
singleatomalloypreparationandapplicationsinheterogeneouscatalysis
No full textThere have been remarkable progresses in manipulating heterogeneous catalysts' nanostructures in the past decade. The concept of single atom alloy (SAA) was firstly proposed in 2012 when researchers successfully stabilized single Pd atoms on the Cu(111) surface. However, earlier work in 2009, which focused on replacing one Au atom with a Pd atom in thiolate protected Au25 nanoclusters, could also be considered as the pioneer work of single atom alloy. Both kinds of single atom alloys exhibited the potential of maximum utilization of scarce elements and attractive catalytic performances. The well-defined structures of SAA catalysts make accurate modeling possible, which further realizes the rational design of single atom alloy catalysts. In this review, we summarize the research trajectory of single atom alloys as well as recent achievements in this field. We also introduce several commonly adopted characterization methods for SAA catalysts such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature programmed reaction (TPR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrum (MALDI-MS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Through discussing recent progresses in SAA catalysts, we propose that future researches in this filed should be focused on exploring new kinds of metal nanocrystals and controlling the nanostructure of SAA even more precisely
historyofthedalianinstituteofchemicalphysicsandthefriendshipbetweenchinaandjapanincatalysis
No full textThis article presents a history of the origins of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Abbreviated as DICP) and relates the recent friendship between China and Japan in the field of catalysis. Although the official beginning of DICP is in 1949 with the birth of the People's Republic of China, there are earlier roots that went back to the defeat of Russia by Imperial Japan in 1905. This began a period of occupation and exploitation of Northest Asia by Japan which did not end until its defeat by Allied forces in 1945. During the period of occupation, a laboratory was created called the Central Research Laboratory of the South Manchurian Railroad Company, which was staffed by the best and brightest researchers from Japan, and was able to develop new processes in chemicals and synthetic fuels that fed the Japanese Imperial forces. Between 1945 and 1949, Dalian was administered by the Soviet Union, and the removable equipment from the Laboratory was taken. In this period one individual stood out, the Laboratory Director Marusawa Tsuneya, who risked his life to preserve the scientific records and staff of the institute, and then stayed in Dalian for ten years after the Second World War to help China rebuild its capabilities. The Central Research Laboratory is still preserved as the Old Campus of DICP. The origin of the friendship between China and Japan in catalysis can be traced to Professor Morikawa Kiyoshi, who worked in the Central Research Laboratory and helped commercialize a shale coal liquefaction process. Upon his return to Japan he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology and in 1975 organized the first visit by Japanese academics to China. This was reciprocated in visits to Japan in 1977 and 1980 by top researchers such as Zhang Dayu, Min Enze, Tsai Khirui, Lu Jiaxi, and Lin Liwu. This resulted in numerous contacts between individuals, which multiplied geometrically. Notably among these were the personal interactions between Guo Xiexian, the Vice-Director of DICP and Tamaru Kenzi, a Professor at the University of Tokyo, which led to a friendship lasting decades and encompassing generations. In 1981, Guo Xiexian organized the first China-Japan-USA Symposium in Dalian, assisted by Tamaru Kenzi, which was attended by over 90 scientists. This meeting was a big success, and was to lead to the organization of many other multi-country conferences, further promoting exchanges. It culminated with the hosting of China of the 16th International Congress on Catalysis in 2016 in Beijing, with Li Can as President. Today DICP is a sprawling organization with over 1300 permanent staff, and is one of the powerhouses of catalysis in the world. From 2000, it has been led by Directors Bao Xinhe, Zhang Tao, and Liu Zhongmin. The Institute is making enormous contributions to research and producing cutting-edge technology, and its future is bright
historyofthedalianinstituteofchemicalphysicsandthefriendshipbetweenchinaandjapanincatalysis
No full textThis article presents a history of the origins of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Abbreviated as DICP) and relates the recent friendship between China and Japan in the field of catalysis. Although the official beginning of DICP is in 1949 with the birth of the People's Republic of China, there are earlier roots that went back to the defeat of Russia by Imperial Japan in 1905. This began a period of occupation and exploitation of Northest Asia by Japan which did not end until its defeat by Allied forces in 1945. During the period of occupation, a laboratory was created called the Central Research Laboratory of the South Manchurian Railroad Company, which was staffed by the best and brightest researchers from Japan, and was able to develop new processes in chemicals and synthetic fuels that fed the Japanese Imperial forces. Between 1945 and 1949, Dalian was administered by the Soviet Union, and the removable equipment from the Laboratory was taken. In this period one individual stood out, the Laboratory Director Marusawa Tsuneya, who risked his life to preserve the scientific records and staff of the institute, and then stayed in Dalian for ten years after the Second World War to help China rebuild its capabilities. The Central Research Laboratory is still preserved as the Old Campus of DICP
