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U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences[DE-SC0010616]
No full textMacroscopic graphite felt containing palladium catalyst for liquid-phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
No full textDeveloping of both effective and stable noble metal nanoparticle (NPs) catalysts with easy catalyst-produce recovery is still challenging in the liquid-phase catalytic processes. Here, we report on the synthesis of a hier archical structured catalyst that consisted of oxygen functionalized graphite felt (OGF) support for liquid-phase processes. The monolith palladium-based catalyst was used as catalytic stirrer and displays excellent stability a; well as complete recyclability for liquid-phase hydrogenation of alpha, beta-unsaturated cinnamaldehyde. The surface defects decorated with abundant oxygenated groups as well as highly accessible porous structure generated from the acid treatment of carbon support, construct a bridge between Pd and support providing the charge transfer tc alter the metal-support interactions. The electron-deficient high-valent Pd delta delta+ species, formed on the metal NPs and defects on the support help to enhance the Pd dispersion and resistance to sintering and/or aggregation during both catalyst preparation and cycling tests, leading to the high and stable hydrogen dissociative ad. sorption for hydrogenation process
New insights into the CO2-steady and pH-steady cultivations of two microalgae based on continuous online parameter monitoring
No full textCO2-steady and pH-steady cultivations are two common strategies used in the cultivation of microalgae for the control of carbon supply. However, the differences between the two strategies have seldom been discussed due to the lack of an appropriate evaluation platform. Here, a precise comparison of CO2-steady and pH-steady modes was carried out using Nannochloropsis oceanica IMTE1 and Isochrysis zhangjiangensis on the Algal Station system, a comprehensive process-monitoring platform specifically designed for microalgae R&D. The physicochemical variables, optical density, dry weight and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, as well as the environmental parameters, pH, temperature, light intensity and CO2 concentration, were detected online at 20-minute intervals. The L. zhangjiangensis biomass concentration increased by 17% under the pH-steady mode compared to the CO2 steady mode, whereas there was no difference in the N. oceanica biomass concentration. By using Algal Station, a notable difference was also found in the periodical change of F-v/F(m)between these two strains. This is the first systematic study of F-v/F-m variation during light and dark cycles in microalgae. The results obtained by Algal Station are important for basic physiological studies and dynamic process optimizations for more efficient microalgae cultivation
Colloidal Synthesis and Charge-Carrier Dynamics of Cs2AgSb1-yBiyX6 (X: Br, Cl; 0 <= y <= 1) Double Perovskite Nanocrystals
No full textA series of lead-free double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) Cs2AgSb1-yBiyX6 (X: Br, Cl; 0 <= y <= 1) is synthesized. In particular, the Cs2AgSbBr6 NCs is a new double perovskite material that has not been reported for the bulk form. Mixed Ag-Sb/Bi NCs exhibit enhanced stability in colloidal solution compared to Ag-Bi or Ag-Sb NCs. Femtosecond transient absorption studies indicate the presence of two prominent fast trapping processes in the charge-carrier relaxation. The two fast trapping processes are dominated by intrinsic self-trapping (ca. 1-2 ps) arising from giant exciton-phonon coupling and surface-defect trapping (ca. 50-100 ps). Slow hot-carrier relaxation is observed at high pump fluence, and the possible mechanisms for the slow hot-carrier relaxation are also discussed
