21112 research outputs found
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Acción colectiva y derechos de propiedad para el desarrollo sostenible
No full textLas instituciones de acción colectiva y los sistemas de derechos de propiedad moldean la forma en que la gente usa los recursos naturales.A su vez, estos patrones de uso afectan los resultados de los sistemas de producción agrícola de la gente. Juntos, los mecanismos de acción colectiva y los sistemas de derechos de propiedad definen los incentivos a los que la gente accede por llevar a cabo estrategias de gestión sostenible y productiva, y afectan el nivel y distribución de los beneficios de los recursos naturales. Los vínculos entre los derechos de propiedad, la acción colectiva y la gestión de los recursos naturales tienen repercusiones importantes para la adopción de tecnología, el crecimiento económico, la seguridad alimentaria, la reducción de la pobreza y la sostenibilidad ambiental. No empero, a pesar de su importancia en la vida de la gente, muy a menudo los derechos de propiedad y la acción colectiva se infravaloran y cuando se reconocen, no se interpretan correctamente.1. Perspectiva general; Ruth Meinzen-Dick y Mónica Di Gregorio; 2. Comprender la acción colectiva; Elinor Ostrom; 3. Comprender los derechos de propiedad; Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Rajendra Pradhan y Mónica Di Gregorio; 4. Bienes públicos y acción colectiva en el ámbito local; Nancy McCarthy; 5. Derechos de propiedad, acción colectiva y agrosilvicultura; Frank Place, Keijiro Otsuka y Sara Scherr; 6. Irrigación, acción colectiva y derechos de propiedad; Douglas L.Vermillion; 7. Acción colectiva y derechos de propiedad en la gestión de la pesca; Mahfuzuddin Ahmed, K. Kuperan;Viswanathan y R.A.Valmonte-Santos; 8. Gestión colaborativa de los bosques; Eva Wollenberg, Bruce Campbell, Sheona Shackleton, David Edmunds y Patricia Shanley; 9. Opciones institucionales para la gestión de las tierras de pastoreo; Tidiane Ngaido y Nancy McCarthy; 10. Derechos de propiedad, acción colectiva y recursos genéticos vegetales; Pablo Eyzaguirre, Nancy McCarthy, Mónica Di Gregorio y Evan Dennis; 11. Acción colectiva en la gestión de plagas; Helle Munk Ravnborg 12. Derechos de propiedad y acción colectiva en las cuencas; Brent Swallow, Nancy Johnson, Anna Knox y Ruth Meinzen-Dick; 13. Derechos de propiedad, acción colectiva y agroindustria; Nancy Johnson y Julio A. Berdegué; 14. Investigación y extensión a cargo de agricultores; Anna Knox y Nina Lilja 15. Reforzar la acción colectiva; Bryan Bruns y Pakping Chalad Bruns; 16. Reforzar los derechos de propiedad de los pobres; John W. Bruce.Non-PRIFPRI1; Governance; CAPRi; 2020DGO; EPT
The impact of the use of new technologies on farmers’ wheat yield in Ethiopia: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
No full textThis study examines the impact of the Wheat Initiative technology package promoted by the research and extension systems in Ethiopia on wheat growers in the highlands of the country. The package includes improved wheat seed, a lower seeding density, row planting, fertilizer recommendations, and marketing assistance. The sample of 482 wheat growers was randomly assigned to one of three groups: the full-package intervention group, a marketing-assistance-only group, and a control group. The results suggest that the full-package farmers had 12–13 percent higher yields after controlling for the type of farmer and household characteristics. Implementation of the Wheat Initiative was successful in terms of the distribution of improved seed and fertilizer, though only 61 percent of the intervention group adopted row planting and few farmers received marketing assistance. The measured yield difference may underestimate the true yield difference associated with the technology because of incomplete adoption of the recommended practices by intervention farmers and adoption of some practices by control farmers.Non-PRIFPRI1; C Improving markets and trade; A Ensuring Sustainable food production; D Transforming AgricultureMTI
Agricultural R&D in the developing world: too little, too late?
No full textThe purpose of this volume is to document the changing institutions and investments in agricultural R&D in less-developed countries, in part to form a companion volume to Paying for Agricultural Productivity by providing a more complete global picture of the issues. A more important purpose is to take stock of what is happening in less-developed countries. This task is especially compelling if, as seems likely, these countries will have to become more self-reliant in developing crucial new agricultural technologies... The chapters document the history and current status of the national agricultural research systems (NARSs) in terms of policies, institutions, investments, and achievements. The case studies cover a geographically dispersed area (South Africa and China, for example) and diverse farming systems (such as Brazil vs. Korea), yet some common themes emerge... This book has been written primarily for those who make policy and allocate resources for agricultural research and extension, and the policy analysts and development specialists who advise them: specifically, strategic decision makers and their advisers in international agencies, national governments, and public or private agricultural research and extension organizations.PRIFPRI1; Pro-poor science and technology policies; Public Policy and InvestmentISNA
Zambia: A quiet crisis in African research and development
No full textThe evolution of agricultural research and development policy in Zambia is emblematic of the quiet crisis in African agricultural research. Zambia, a medium-sized country that has avoided internal conflict, has, until recently, been spared from natural disasters. It has also enjoyed periods of relative economic well-being and institutional growth based on its copper industry. Zambia has a number of distinct agricultural regions that generally have good (but not always effective) access to water resources and promising agricultural potential. This potential has not been realized because of post-independence national policies that involved a suite of state interventions, which became unsustainable with falling copper revenues. In the past decade, Zambia has largely adhered to structural adjustment measures; however, as a consequence, its agricultural R&D institutions have lost significant key resources and subsequently credibility, when the research agenda failed to evolve quickly enough to respond to, much less lead, the changes in the economy.PRIFPRI1; Pro-poor science and technology policies; Public Policy and InvestmentISNA
Household decisions, gender, and development: a synthesis of recent research
No full textThis book synthesizes IFPRI's recent work on the role of gender in household decisionmaking in developing countries, provides evidence on how reducing gender gaps can contribute to improved food security, health, and nutrition in developing countries, and gives examples of interventions that actually work to reduce gender disparities. It is an accessible, easy-to-read synthesis of the gender research that IFPRI has undertaken in the 1990s.PRIFPRI1; GenderFCN
Health and nutrition: Overview
No full textGender differences in health and nutrition have long been a subject of study in the intrahousehold allocation literature. Unlike consumption expenditures or farm production, measurements of health and nutritional outcomes are always at the individual level, and thus factors that underlie systematic differences in outcomes—such as age, gender, and position within the household—are more readily apparent.PRIFPRI1; GenderFCN
Time to variety change on wheat farms of Pakistan's Punjab
No full textThis paper applies duration analysis to identify the factors that shorten the time until a farmer replaces one modern variety with another, and tests hypotheses concerning two salient themes of the Green Revolution: farm size differences and the role of information in farmer-to-farmer seed diffusion. Findings indicate that the time span between changing varieties averages only four years, but is shorter on larger farms. Factors that speed variety change also differ by farm size. Extension and media sources of information are significant among larger farmers relative to social information, which is more important among marginal farmers. Traits related to consumption quality speed variety change among smaller-scale farmers, who both sell and consume their wheat. Higher yields drive variety change among the most subsistence-oriented, marginal farmers.PRIFPRI1; CRP4; PSSP; HarvestPlusDSGD; HarvestPlus; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
The impact of the use of new technologies on farmers’ wheat yield in Ethiopia: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial
No full textThis study examines the impact of the Wheat Initiative technology package promoted by the research and extension systems in Ethiopia on wheat growers in the highlands of the country. The package includes improved wheat seed, a lower seeding density, row planting, fertilizer recommendations, and marketing assistance. The sample of 482 wheat growers was randomly assigned to one of three groups: the full-package intervention group, a marketing-assistance-only group, and a control group. The results suggest that the full-package farmers had 12–13 percent higher yields after controlling for the type of farmer and household characteristics. Implementation of the Wheat Initiative was successful in terms of the distribution of improved seed and fertilizer, though only 61 percent of the intervention group adopted row planting and few farmers received marketing assistance. The measured yield difference may underestimate the true yield difference associated with the technology because of incomplete adoption of the recommended practices by intervention farmers and adoption of some practices by control farmers.Non-PRIFPRI1; REAP; C Improving markets and trade; A Ensuring Sustainable food production; D Transforming AgricultureMTI
Food policy in 2015-2016: Reshaping the global food system for sustainable development
No full textThe year 2015 saw a new global commitment to sustainable development that will require a reshaping of the world’s food system. The well-being of people and the planet will depend on creation of a food system that is more efficient, inclusive, climate-smart, sustainable, nutrition- and health-driven, and business-friendly.PRIFPRI1; F Strengthening institutions and governance; B Promoting healthy food systemsDGO; CK
Open data infrastructure for resilience analysis: Implementation, examples and case studies in Kenya
No full textThis report serves as documentation for the construction, operation and utility of the Horn of Africa Data Catalog (accessible online at http://data.technicalconsortium.org), which was developed to serve as a platform to provide indicators identified as critical to the work of the Technical Consortium for Building Resilience in the Horn of Africa (TC) and its partners. This technical report provides details on the implementation of resilience analytical framework using an open access data and knowledge management platform and presents examples on how to access and visualize them online through the web user interface and the application programming interface (API).Non-PRIFPRI2; E Building Resilience; CRP1EPTDCGIAR Research Program on Dryland System