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Politiques en matière de nutrition en Afrique de l’Ouest
No full textCette note propose un résumé des politiques, stratégies et plans d’action ayant trait à la nutrition (désignés ici sous le terme de « politiques ») en Afrique de l’Ouest. En nous concentrant sur les six défis en matière de nutrition qui constituent les objectifs mondiaux de l’Assemblée mondiale de la santé (AMS), nous examinons i) le contexte nutritionnel, les objectifs des politiques en place, les indicateurs, le budget et les activités menées, ii) les principaux bénéficiaires et acteurs, et la coordination, iii) les mécanismes de suivi-évaluation et de responsabilisation des politiques, et iv) la mesure dans laquelle les politiques actuelles sont alignées sur les objectifs de l’AMS.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Transform Nutrition West AfricaPHND; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
Myanmar agricultural performance survey (Q3 2022): Farm commercialization
No full textThis Research Note presents the results from an assessment of farm commercialization in Myanmar after the dry season of 2022. The results are based on data from a phone survey – the Myanmar Agriculture Performance Survey (MAPS) – that was conducted with 5,021 crop farmers in all states/regions of the country in Q3 of 2022. This note assesses the perceived security situation of crop farmers, agricultural input availability and prices, prices of major crops at the farm level, changes in income from crop sales, and overall crop marketing challenges.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; MyanmarSSPDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
IFPRI Malawi monthly maize market report, November 2022
No full textThe Monthly Maize Market Report was developed by researchers at IFPRI Malawi with the goal of providing clear and accurate information on the variation of maize prices in selected markets throughout Malawi. The reports are intended as a resource for those interested in maize markets in Malawi, namely producers, traders, consumers, policy makers, and other agricultural stakeholders.Non-PRIFPRI1; MaSSP; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food IndustryDSG
The stalled transformation of food processing in Myanmar
No full textWe assess the status and effects of the twin crises (COVID-19 and the military coup) on different segments (production, trade, and consumption) of Myanmar’s food processing sector. Since 2020, we note overall a stalled transformation in food processing in the country:
1. Production (post-farm): The food-processing sector – and especially rice milling – is shown to be very important, making up more than 80 percent of the revenue and value addition of the local industrial sector. The sector suffered substantially from the twin crises, as seen by reduced output and limited new investments in the two most recent years.
2. International trade: Myanmar is in most years a net agricultural exporter (in value terms). However, food exports are dominated by unprocessed and minimally processed products while food imports are mostly more expensive processed foods. While there was fast growth in international food trade between 2009 and 2019, new central bank regulations – focused on an import-substitution strategy to mitigate foreign exchange constraints – have altered trade substantially since.
3. Consumption: The categories of unprocessed and especially of minimally processed food products represent 64 and 23 percent of calories and food expenditures respectively, reflecting the importance of rice in Myanmar’s food economy. After the twin crises, the value of food consumption significantly decreased by 30 and 36 percent for rural and urban areas respectively between 2020 and 2022. However, consumption levels for rural residents are still lower after the crises than those of urban ones. Moreover, while real food consumption expenditures declined significantly for all income groups, the poorest suffered most from the crises as seen in the higher reduction of expenditures for the poorest quintiles (by 31 and 39 percent in rural and urban areas respectively).Non-PRIFPRI1; MyanmarSSP; MAPSA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategies; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
IFPRI Malawi monthly maize market report, December 2022
No full textThe Monthly Maize Market Report was developed by researchers at IFPRI Malawi with the goal of providing clear and accurate information on the variation of maize prices in selected markets throughout Malawi. The reports are intended as a resource for those interested in maize markets in Malawi, namely producers, traders, consumers, policy makers, and other agricultural stakeholders.Non-PRIFPRI1; MaSSP; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food IndustryDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategie
Malawi stories of change in nutrition: Overview
No full textMalawi has made significant progress in improving nutrition outcomes in the past decades. Despite this, the rates of stunting and anaemia remain high and overweight and obesity amongst women is rising. Malawi remains one of the most committed countries to nutrition, ranking 3rd out of 45 African countries on the Hunger and Nutrition Commitment Index, but effective implementation of policies is still challenging. Progress is being inhibited by a lack of dedicated budget lines for nutrition at district level, over reliance on external donors, poor coordination and competing priorities for limited resources within sectoral budgets. The pandemic, climate change and the Ukraine war have disrupted food systems, increased prices of fuel, fertilizer, and food, and caused loss of harvest and livelihoods, threatening to reverse decades of progress. Positive and coordinated action is needed to increase financial commitment to food and nutrition security, ensure nutrition is prioritised in the nation’s economic and development agenda, and continue Malawi’s progress to reducing malnutrition.Non-PRIFPRI2; Stories of Change in NutritionPHN
Agricultural intensification in Ethiopia: Patterns, trends, and welfare impacts
No full textEthiopia has made substantial efforts in the last three decades to increase agricultural productivity through modern input intensification and stimulate overall economic growth. Despite the high growth rates in recent decade, Ethiopia’s overall intensification and yield levels remained below what is considered optimal. This study examines the patterns, trends, and drivers of agricultural intensification and productivity growth during the recent decade (2012 - 2019) using three rounds of representative household data collected from the four main agriculturally important regions of the country. The descriptive results indicate a positive trend in both the adoption rate and intensity of inputs and output, albeit from a low base compared to other contexts and with considerable heterogeneity by access to information, rainfall levels and variability, labor, soil quality, remoteness, among others. The econometric results show significant association between intensification, yield growth, household dietary diversity (a proxy measure for food and nutrition security), and consumer durables. However, the results on the association between current yield levels and per capita consumption expenditures are mixed (i.e., while an increase in cereal yield only improve food consumption expenditures, an increase in cash crops yield mainly improve non-food consumption expenditures). In sum, while the increasing input intensification and the resulting yield gains are associated with improvement in household diets and consumer durables, it falls short to have strong impact on incomes (as measured by total consumption expenditures), indicating that more efforts have to be made to see meaningful impacts on higher order outcomes. Additional welfare improving productivity gains through increased input intensifications may require investments to put in place appropriate fertilizer blends linked with localized soil nutrient requirements, investments to generate locally suited improved seeds and appropriate mechanisms to reach farmers, ways to mitigate production (rainfall) risk, and investments to remodel Ethiopia’s extension system to provided much needed technical support to farmers on production methods.Non-PRIFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; Agricultural Transformation in EthiopiaDSGD; MTI
Estudio sobre el COVID-19 en el área rural de Guatemala: Efectos de largo plazo sobre la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de los hogares en el Altiplano Occidental
No full textDesde el inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19, los productores agrícolas de Guatemala han afrontado múltiples restricciones de movimiento tanto locales como nacionales, así como también disrupciones en las cadenas de valor agrícolas. Asimismo, los productores han estado expuestos a varios choques externos como las tormentas tropicales de ETA e IOTA hacia finales de 2020 y el reciente conflicto bélico en Europa del Este y crisis de precios. Este estudio examina los efectos a largo plazo de la coyuntura del COVID-19 sobre la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de hogares rurales en el Altiplano Occidental de Guatemala. El análisis se basa en información de un panel de 1,262 hogares de pequeños agricultores en los departamentos de Huehuetenango, Quiché y San Marcos, recopilada durante cuatro rondas de encuestas durante noviembre-diciembre de 2019 (presencial), mayo-junio de 2020 (por teléfono), mayo-junio de 2021 (por teléfono) y mayo-junio de 2022 (por teléfono). El estudio pone especial énfasis en cambios en ingresos agrícolas y no agrícolas, incluyendo remesas, y cambios en la diversidad de dieta, incluido el consumo de alimentos de origen animal (AOA) y frutas y verduras (F&V) a nivel del hogar, así como en mujeres entre 15 y 49 años y niños entre 6 y 23 meses. Los resultados indican ciertas mejoras en 2022 en ingresos, seguridad alimentaria y patrones dietéticos de los hogares con relación a años anteriores, pero aún los niveles son más bajos que los reportados antes de la pandemia (en 2019). El estudio también explora el efecto de los recientes cambios en disponibilidad y precios de insumos agrícolas que experimentaron los hogares como producto principalmente de la guerra entre Ucrania y Rusia, entre otros factores.Non-PRIFPRI1; Feed the Future InitiativeMTI
Women’s involvement in intra‐household decision‐making and infant and young child feeding practices in central Asia, No. 2
No full textThis paper examines the relationship between women’s empowerment and infant and young child feeding practices in Central Asia using Demographic and Health Survey data from 1995–2017. We employ a measure of women’s empowerment with three distinct dimensions available for a subset of recent surveys as well as a measure of a woman’s decision-making power over use of her own income present in all surveys. We identify a positive association between a woman’s decision making power—a measure of her instrumental agency—and adherence to World Health Organization–recommended feeding practices related to achieving minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet. We find little significant association between a woman’s attitude toward domestic violence, or her degree of social independence, and adherence to recommended feeding practices. Our results further show that women’s decision-making power has the greatest predictive power for adherence to optimal feeding practices among mothers living with a mother-in-law. In contrast, child gender and household poverty do not emerge as important moderators of the relationship between women’s empowerment and feeding practices. We thus provide evidence from Central Asia, a substantially under-studied region, that policies and programs expanding women’s decision-making power can improve child nutrition—especially when directed at extended households in which mothers cohabitate with in-laws. They suggest that all children would benefit—regardless of child gender and availability of complementary household resources.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; G Cross-cutting gender theme; DCADSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Gendered farm work, off-farm employment, and decision-making power: Quantitative evidence from Tajikistan
No full textGlobally, nearly half of all workers in rural areas work in agriculture (International Labour Organization 2020). Women are heavily involved in agricultural production, but often get assigned different roles and responsibilities compared to men (Doss 2018). In many contexts, women have less decision-making power than men regarding their households’ agricultural production or on how to spend agricultural income (FAO 2011). Yet, recent evidence suggests that a generalized assumption that women have no or little decision-making power in agriculture is misplaced and that there are also settings where joint decision-making between men and women is common (Akter et al. 2017; Maligalig et al. 2019). It therefore remains imperative to add new evidence on women’s and men’s roles and decision-making in agriculture – particularly from contexts that have not been extensively studied.Non-PRIFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; G Cross-cutting gender theme; TEAADSGDCGIAR Gender Platfor