21112 research outputs found
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joint decisions among women in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City
No full text"This study investigates the effects of childcare on work and earnings of mothers in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City. Recognizing that mothe'rs work status may depend on the availability of childcare, decisions to participate in the labor force and to use formal day care are modeled to allow for the possibility that they may be jointly determined. We then explore the impact of childcare prices on mothers' earnings, conditional on her decision to work. Also explored is whether a mother's "status" within her household (as measured by the value of the assets she brought to her marriage) influences her entry into the labor force.....Our results indicate that participation in the labor market and use of formal day care are, in fact, joint decisions for mothers. Life cycle and household demographic factors have important effects on both decisions. Maternal education is an important determinant of utilization of formal day care, but does not have large effects on whether she works for pay or not. Higher household wealth reduces her chances of working, presumably via an income effect. However, the value of assets she brought to her marriage increases the likelihood of her working....." -- from Authors' Abstract"Non-PRIFPRI1; MP-14; Theme 12FCN
rice varieties in Nigeria and Benin
No full textThis study examines farmers’ preferences for seed of new rice varieties and their willingness to pay for seed-related information in villages of Nigeria and Benin. Conjoint analysis is used to estimate the structure of farmers’ preferences for rice seed given a set of alternatives. Farmers are considered to be consumers of seed as a production input, preferring one variety over another based on the utility they obtain from its attributes, which depends on their own social and economic characteristics, including whether or not they sell rice.Non-PRIFPRI1EPT
Incorporating collateral information using an adaptive management framework for the regulation of transgenic crops
No full textA lack of data often makes biological management decisions difficult and has been an area of contention in the debate over the approval of transgenic crops. Our knowledge of agricultural and natural systems is limited and our ability to gain additional information, quickly and effectively, is often handicapped by statistical complexity. To adequately cope with this requires new approaches and models that integrate decision-making and management. This paper describes one possible approach to the integration of decision-making and management, which may have application for the regulatory approval of transgenic crops. In many situations countries wishing to approve transgenic crops will have limited data on the environmental performance of the crop. The approach outlined in this paper looks at how related information, possibly collected from other countries, might be used to help inform decisions about the approval of transgenic crops. This is done within an integrated decision-making and management framework.-- Authors' AbstractNon-PRIFPRI1EPT
Agricultural research and urban poverty in India
No full textUsing a similar analytical approach to a study in China, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty reduction in India. State level data from 1970 to 1995 were used in the empirical analysis. It is found that in addition to its large impact on rural poverty reduction, agricultural research investments have also played a major role in the reduction of urban poverty. Agricultural research investments increase agricultural production, and increased production in turn lowers food prices. The urban poor often benefit proportionately more than the non-poor since they spend 50-80% of their income on food. Among all the rural investments considered in this study, agricultural research has the largest impact on urban poverty reduction per additional unit of investment. The results from this study are similar to earlier findings for China. Today, urban poverty still accounts for one quarter of total poverty in India, and this share is expected to rise in the future. Policymakers cannot afford to be complacent about this trend and continued investments are still needed to keep food prices low. Among all government policy instruments, increased agricultural research is still the most effective way to achieve this objective.Non-PRIFPRI1; GRP3; Theme 9; Urban IssuesEPTD; DSG
joint decisions among women in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City
No full textThis study investigates the effects of childcare on work and earnings of mothers in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City. Recognizing that mothe'rs work status may depend on the availability of childcare, decisions to participate in the labor force and to use formal day care are modeled to allow for the possibility that they may be jointly determined. We then explore the impact of childcare prices on mothers' earnings, conditional on her decision to work. Also explored is whether a mother's "status" within her household (as measured by the value of the assets she brought to her marriage) influences her entry into the labor force.....Our results indicate that participation in the labor market and use of formal day care are, in fact, joint decisions for mothers. Life cycle and household demographic factors have important effects on both decisions. Maternal education is an important determinant of utilization of formal day care, but does not have large effects on whether she works for pay or not. Higher household wealth reduces her chances of working, presumably via an income effect. However, the value of assets she brought to her marriage increases the likelihood of her working.Non-PRIFPRI1; MP-14; Theme 12FCN
Watershed development projects in India: an evaluation
No full textIn recent years India has looked to watershed development as a way to realize its hopes for agricultural development in rainfed, semi-arid areas. These areas were bypassed by the Green Revolution and have experienced little or no growth in agricultural production for several decades. By capturing scarce water resources and improving the management of soil and vegetation, watershed development has the potential to create conditions conducive to higher agricultural productivity, while conserving natural resources....This case study of watershed projects in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, India, fits squarely into IFPRI's work on development strategies for less-favored lands -- areas where agroclimatic conditions are difficult or infrastructure and support services have been neglected. It offers important insights for IFPRI's research in other parts of the world, including work under way in the East African highlands, the hillsides of Central America, and the West Asia and North Africa regions. While much has been written about watershed development, there have been few efforts to systematically evaluate it. By doing so, John Kerr and his colleagues Ganesh Pangare and Vasudha Lokur Pangare contribute immensely to our understanding of the promise and challenges of watershed development... The authors conclude that while most of the projects they surveyed have had relatively little impact, those that take a more participatory approach and are managed by NGOs have in fact performed better in conserving natural resources and raising agricultural productivity. But such success may come at the expense of the poorest people in watershed areas because improving the management of a watershed usually requires restricting access to the natural resource base on which they depend. Many watershed development projects do not work because those whose interests are harmed refuse to go along with the effort. The authors argue that for watershed development to succeed on a large scale, projects must find a way for all affected parties to share in the net gains generated.Non-PRIFPRI1; Environment and Natural Resource Managemen
Annotated bibliography on agriculture, food, rural development, and environment in Ethiopia
No full textThis bibliography presents brief results of completed researches, scientific notes and short papers on food, agriculture, rural development, and environment in Ethiopia. It includes materials, the majority of which were published in the 1990s, that are available in different governmental and nongovernmental organizations found in Addis Ababa only. It is believed that the bibliography will help to understand the extent of work done on food, agriculture, water resources, and environment and consequently avoid duplication of work resulting in unnecessary wastage of resources. It also gives a general overview of food security, agriculture, and environmental situation of the country. The publications/documents included in this bibliography, numbering 356 titles, are divided in to four sections: Agriculture [Serial Numbers 1-204]; Food and Nutrition [Serial Numbers 205-280]; Water Resources, Energy, and Irrigation [Serial numbers 281-296]; and Environment [Serial Numbers 297-356]. As is customary with Ethiopian names, the alphabetical order is under the first names. The numbers indicated as superscripts corresponding to the material that they refer to, indicate the location(s) where the particular publication/document is found.Non-PRIFPRI1; Agriculture and Rural Development; 2020DG
Cómo balancear la necesidad de alimento humano, alimento animal y de combustible
No full textLa demanda de biocombustibles se está incrementando debido a la necesidad cada vez mayor de energéticos, el alza en el costo del petróleo, la búsqueda de fuentes de energía renovables y no contaminantes y el deseo de aumentar los ingresos agrícolas en los países en desarrollo. Asimismo, ha aumentado en forma drástica la necesidad de contar con cultivos, como el maíz y la caña de azúcar, que pueden utilizarse como materia prima para producir biocombustibles. Esta demanda ha tenido a nivel mundial un impacto significativo y cada vez mayor en los sistemas alimentarios. Los efectos de la creciente demanda de biocombustibles están entremezclados con los restringidos mercados de granos, reflejo de los cambios demográficos y de una mejor alimentación. En los países en desarrollo, a medida que la población y los ingresos se incrementan, las preferencias en materia de alimentos van cambiando de cultivos básicos a productos de mayor valor, como los cárnicos y los lácteos. Como resultado, la demanda de alimento para animales a base de granos y proteínas está subiendo desmesuradamente y compitiendo con la demanda de alimentos para consumo humano.Non-PRIFPRI1DG
the case of Northeastern Burkina Faso
No full textIn this paper, we develop a simple game-theoretic model to explore the relationship between management of common pool resources used as an input in livestock production (common pastures) and the adoption of inputs associated with intensified per animal production (veterinary services, purchased fodder, feed concentrates, etc.). Theoretically, it is shown that better managed pastures should lead to increased adoption of complementary inputs but decrease adoption of substitute inputs; impacts on stock levels, however, are ambiguous. An empirical model is developed and applied to data collected in northeast Burkina Faso in 2000 and 2002. Results indicate that better managed pastures, proxied by community-level cooperative capacity indices, are indeed associated with lower purchases of substitute goods, e.g. purchases of low-value feeds and greater purchases of complementary inputs, e.g. high-quality feeds. However, purchase of vaccines, likely to be a compliment in livestock production, is not associated with cooperative capacity.Non-PRIFPRI1; Environment and Natural Resource Management; CAPRiEPT
Determinants of enactment, awareness and compliance with community natural resource management
No full textCommunity-based Natural Resource Management (NRM) is increasingly becoming an important approach for addressing natural resource degradation in low income countries. This study analyzes the determinants of enactment, awareness of and compliance with by-laws related to Natural Resource Management (NRM) in order to draw policy implications that could be used to increase the effectiveness of by-laws in managing natural resources sustainably. We found a strong association between awareness and compliance with NRM bylaws. This suggests the need to promote environmental education as part of the strategy to increase compliance with NRM bylaws. Econometric analysis of the survey data indicates factors that are associated with enactment of local NRM bylaws, and awareness of and compliance with NRM requirements... These findings imply that improving awareness of NRM requirements is critical to increase compliance with such requirements. Awareness is greater in areas closer to all-weather roads, probably due to better access to information in such areas. Development of roads and communication can thus facilitate better community NRM. Other low cost options to increase awareness could include use of radio programs, environmental education in schools, resource user seminars, brochures, and district level training workshops...Several dimensions of poverty, including greater income poverty, poor education, and poor access to credit are associated with lower compliance with tree planting and protection requirements. This supports the hypothesis of a poverty-natural resource degradation trap, and suggests that measures to reduce poverty can have “win-win” benefits helping to improve NRM as well" -- from Author's AbstractNon-PRGRP5; IFPRI1; Environment and Natural Resource Management; CAPRi; Land Resource Management for Poverty ReductionEPT