21112 research outputs found
Sort by
Livelihoods and Welfare: Findings from the sixth round of the Myanmar Household Welfare Survey (June – November 2023)
No full textMyanmarSSPDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG
Analisis del gasto publico para el desarrollo agropecuario, rural y la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional
No full textEste trabajo es el segundo producto de la consultoría de corto plazo para analizar los programas y pro yectos de Honduras y sugerir opciones hacia el futuro. Acá se complementa información sobre gasto público agropecuario desde 2015 hasta 2018. Un aspecto central del análisis del gasto público es definir el ámbito de análisis, en términos del tipo de sectores cubiertos, y de las entidades públicas involucradas. En el caso de Honduras en los últimos años se han llevado a cabo revisiones de gastos del sector público1 (individualmente, o como parte de estu dios regionales) cubriendo diferentes aspectos (ver, por ejemplo, Banco Mundial, 2015; BID, 2006; An son and Zegarra, 2008; del Cid, Pagoaga, y Núñez, 2017; Izquierdo, Loo-Kung, y Navajas, coordinado res, 2013). Estos trabajos contemplan en detalle diferentes componentes individuales que podrían ser considerados como una parte solamente de una noción amplia de desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (DARSAN).2 Por su parte, ICEFI (2014) e IFPRI (2017) han tomado una visión amplia del gasto público analizado en DARSAN. En el caso de ICEFI (2014), cubre varios países en América Central (incluido Honduras)3 para el período 2007-2011, y se centra en el gobierno central, con menor consideración de entidades descentralizadas. En el caso de IFPRI, 2017, la clasifi cación del gasto es más detallada, abarca 2015-2016 y cubre el gobierno central y entidades descentra lizadas. 4 Recientemente, la UTSAN ha completado un estudio del gasto relacionado con la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) que cubre temas similares a este trabajo. Al momento de escribir este análisis no se ha podido conseguir el trabajo detallado de la UTSAN. Sin embargo, basado en presen taciones se comentan más abajo las diferencias en el tratamiento de los gastos considerados. La organización del documento se describe a continuación. Primero, se discute brevemente la cobertura sectorial que se va a utilizar para guiar el análisis del gasto público en desarrollo agropecuario, rural y de SAN. El período temporal es 2015- 2018. Se presentan los bloques de actividades y de gastos que se van a analizar, procurando delimitar lo que se considera gasto público en relación al ámbito definido, y qué aspectos quedan fuera del análisis. Segundo, se procede a presentar la información del gasto público en general como marco de gasto en DARSAN. Tercero, se analiza el gasto para cada uno de los cinco componentes de DARSAN identificados en este trabajo. Cuarto, se presentan algunas conclu siones finales.Voice for Change PartnershipMarkets, Trade, and Institutions (MTI); LA
Conflict, inclusivity, and transformation of the rice value chain in Myanmar
No full textThis study explores the transformation of Myanmar’s rice value chain (VC) over a period of liberalization, reform, and infrastructure expansion from 2013 to 2019, and over a period of multiple crises from 2020 to 2022 including a military coup and widespread conflict. We analyze modernization over these periods at different levels of the VC, including upstream (farms), midstream (mills), and downstream (rice vendors). We rely upon unique data from large-scale phone surveys collected at different segments of the rice value chain – including farm and post-farmgate – complemented with insights from key informant interviews, and secondary data. The major findings are the following:MyanmarSSPDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG
Assessing the impact of rice price stabilization policies in Bangladesh: Results from a stochastic spatial equilibrium model
No full textRice plays a central role in the diet in Bangladesh and as a source of income for farmers. Although Bangladesh has largely liberalized international trade in rice, it maintains a public food distribution system to stablize prices, distributing an average of 2 million tons of rice per year at a cost of almost US$ 800 million per year. This study explores whether alternative policies could achieve similar stabilization at a lower cost. It uses a stochastic spatial-equilibrium model of rice markets to simulate monthly prices in eight regions of the country. Stochastic shocks are used to simulate fluctuations in regional production, replicating historical patterns at the region-season level, as well as inter-regional correlation in production shocks. It also simulates fluctuation in world rice prices, mimicking the mean, variance, and serial correlation of historical wholesale prices of rice in Delhi. Public procurement and distribution follow historic averages by month and region. Private storage is represented by a simplified version of rational expectations models, in which net storage is a non-linear function of availability in the previous month.IFPRPMarkets, Trade, and Institutions (MTI); Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); SA
Synopsis: Crop commercialization in Rwanda: Current market participation and drivers
No full textAs Rwanda emerges from the effects of COVID-19 and global price shocks caused by the Russia/Ukrainian conflict, there is an opportunity to focus on agricultural fundamentals to drive its economic transformation. One aspect of the transformation is how farm households are engaging in crop commercialization. This policy note outlines basic findings and suggested recommendations derived from a 2022 Rwandan commercialization household survey. Our basic unit of analysis is total crop sold divided by total value produced, averaged at either the household or individual crop level. Key findings include: Approximately 20% of our sampled smallholder households do not sell any crops. However, contrary to a subsistence/commercial farm dichotomy, most households sell on a broad continuum ranging from 1 – 100% with an average of 33% of their total crop production marketed. Crop value per hectare increases with greater marketed sales, indicating that farmers switch from lower value food crops (e.g. beans, cassava, maize) to cash crops such as fruits and vegetables where they market higher percentages. Crop value per hectare is not correlated with land size, revealing that crop choices drive value and not increasing land-related economies of scale. This finding underscores the pivotal role of crop selection in determining agricultural productivity and economic returns, rather than mere expansion of land holdings. Irrigation, land size, hiring labor and input purchases increase market participation as well as percentage of sales. Conversely, a larger family size has a negative effect on both.Rwanda SSPDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategie
Synopsis: Identifying farm typologies in Rwandan agriculture: A framework for improving targeted interventions
No full textResearch from a recent IFPRI agricultural survey indicates that there is a broad spectrum of commercial engagement by Rwandan farmers. While this continuum is important for understanding commercialization, grouping farmers by relevant commonalities further improves our knowledge of how different groups engage in markets. Moving beyond simple subsistence and commercialized farmer dichotomies, this study provides a more nuanced understanding by grouping smallholder farmers into types, or typologies, based on 35 common characteristics that are both consistent within these groups and relatively diverse between them. Specifically, this analysis identifies five types of Rwandan farmers, in two broad groups, that disaggregates rural households into meaningful categories for varied potential responses to economic opportunities as well as potential strategic interventions.Rwanda SSPDevelopment Strategies and Governance (DSG); Transformation Strategie
Retrospective evaluation of scaling associated with the IITA Cassava Weed Management Project (CWMP): Final project
No full textThe Cassava Weed Management Project (CWMP), funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) from 2013-2018, aimed to promote the use of safe and environmentally friendly herbicides for effective weed control in cassava production in Nigeria. This retrospective evaluation, conducted by a consortium of experts from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Sahel Consulting Agriculture and Nutrition Limited, examined the extent to which the private sector has scaled up the herbicides tested and recommended by the CWMP, as well as the factors influencing companies' decisions to register and deploy these products. The evaluation, conducted in 2023-2024, employed a mixed-methods approach that relied heavily on the qualitative approaches to uncover underlying factors affecting scaling and adoption. The methods included document reviews, key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGD) with cassava farmers, mystery shopper surveys of agro-dealer shops, and quantitative analysis of secondary data from sources like official company data and the Living Standard Measurement Study – Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA).Development Strategies and Governance (DSG
Women's Empowerment in Agricultural Governance (WEAGov) technical workshop: India pilot study
No full textGender Equality research initiative Gender Equality (HER+) is a One CGIAR Research Initiative seeking to address the following four dimensions of gender inequality in agrifood systems: o Women’s lack of agency or limited ability to define and act on goals, make decisions that matter to them, and participate in the economy and in public life; o Women’s lack of access to and control over resources; o Social norms that discriminate based on gender; and o Policies and governance that fail to include and benefit women.
HER+ uses impactful gender research to address the four dimensions of gender inequality by applying gender-transformative approaches to address harmful norms. It does this by bundling innovations for women’s empowerment, leveraging social protection to increase women’s access to and control over resources, and promoting inclusive governance and policies for increased resilience. HER+ will generate learning and evidence on levers and entry points to disrupt the foundations of inequality in agrifood systems (AFS).Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture IndexInnovation Policy and Scaling (IPS
Rural household vulnerability and COVID-19: Evidence from India
No full textThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected vulnerable households’ livelihoods in developing countries. Using high-frequency phone survey data from the World Bank, we assess rural Indian households’ vulnerability and poverty status during the pandemic. Results reveal that over three-fifths of Indian rural households are vulnerable to poverty in the context of COVID-19, despite India’s evident progress in mitigating poverty in the pre-pandemic era. Poverty plays a major role in accounting for variations in household vulnerability; however, the impact of risks on household welfare is not negligible. On average, households with more members, older household heads, and more outmigrants are more vulnerable to poverty during the pandemic. The impacts of the gender of the household head, access to masks, consumption loans, and COVID-related information are nevertheless insignificant. Results stress the urgent necessity of deploying concerted interventions to strengthen household vulnerability in rural India.Foresight and Policy Modeling (FPM); Transformation Strategie
What I say depends on how you ask: Experimental evidence of the effect of framing on the measurement of attitudes
No full textWe use a survey experiment to document the presence of framing effects in the measurement of attitudes. Next, using standard techniques for generating aggregate indices, we find that statement framing can meaningfully influence the relationship of the index with relevant covariates—in some cases changing the magnitude, statistical significance, and even the sign of the estimated relationship. We conclude by discussing how randomizing statement framing across respondents can help address bias in the measurement of attitudes.Markets, Trade, and Institutions (MTI); Food and Nutrition Polic