Hungarian Veterinary Archive
Not a member yet
2958 research outputs found
Sort by
Experimental study on different physiological and biomechanical parameters
Get PDFReasons for performing the study: Safety and top-level training are equally important to achieve the best athletic performance of the race horse. Along increasing daily training-load the responsiveness of the horse and improvement in fitness should be monitored. The use of new, wearable technologies - like the Equimetre® device, an innovative product of the Arioneo Company seems to be a proper way to monitor and optimize horse´s training.
Hypothesis: Regularity of the stride is inversely proportional to the stride length and stride frequency. Horses exercising in the “red zone” have a longer recovery time.
Methods: 12 horses were monitored twice with the Equimetre® device while doing speed work over 1700meters. Regularity, stride length, stride frequency, heart rate, speed and recovery time datas have been recorded and analyzed.
Results and conclusion: The regularity of the stride increases with the stride frequency but decreases with the stride length (p<0, 05). A horse exercising at more than 80% of its maximum heart rate will have a longer recovery time (p<0, 05).
Potential relevance: Regularity of the gallop is an important locomotor parameter, which should be watched for, as irregularity can impair the whole performance. A horse exercised too often near its maximum heart rate or with a prolonged recovery time is prone to fatigue and injury
Mycoplasma bovis: A review of the ongoing phased Eradication Programme in New Zealand
No full textThe purpose of this thesis was to research the ongoing M. bovis eradication programme in
New Zealand in terms of its nature, progress and potential challenges. The eradication
programme is in its very early stages having commenced in 2018. Therefore, it is difficult
to assess right now whether it will ultimately be a success and whether the goal of fully
eradicating the disease from the country will be achieved. It has been predicted that it will
take ten years to complete a full eradication of M. bovis but the majority of the culling will
be carried out by the end of the second year i.e. 2020. Following this, it is crucial for
national surveillance programmes to be precise, rapid and efficient when tracking and
tracing animal and risk goods movements. Biosecurity and control measures are essential
in controlling the spread of disease and ensuring full eradication
A literature review
Get PDFL. salmonis is a notorious parasite known to affect the two major cultured fish species in Norwegian aquaculture and wild stock populations. The first chapter of the thesis explains the significance of commercial aquaculture in Norway and the importance of establishing a sustainable industry. The thesis describes the most important aspects concerning the biology and ecology of L. salmonis in context with its host and their shared environment. In order to understand the population dynamics and models of L. salmonis distribution, an overview of the dispersal and host-finding behaviour in the infectious larvae has been emphasized
Measurement of IgG levels in healthy and autoimmune diseased animals
No full textAs veterinary science advances the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is gaining more and more attention. Due to the severity and importance of these diseases the diagnostic methods are constantly developing, though in our field the diagnostic techniques are still behind the ones used in human medicine. This has many reasons, among these probably the most important is that the number of studies focusing on animals are much lower than studies focusing on human patients. However, the similarity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune processes is often obvious, and in many cases animal models are used to study autoimmunity even in human aspect. Dogs can spontaneously acquire autoimmune conditions which show similarities to human autoimmune diseases. The key feature of these processes is that there is a certain level of autoantibodies that are directed at self-antigens that is pathologic. Essentially this means the break-down of self-tolerance. Although autoantibodies are not always pathogenic, but their levels give an indication of the severity of auto-immune processes present in the body
Ventriculoscopy in a dog: Fenestration of a parieto-occipital cyst into the lateral ventricle with an endoscope
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: Arachnoid cyst is a developmental disorder which can cause compression of the brain and due to this neurological symptoms could occur. A special intracranialintra arachnoid cyst (IAC) is called quadrigeminal cyst (QC) which can develop due to arachnoid duplication. A study described 4100 retrospective MRI evaluations and found 28 QC-affected dogs. Based on that study, a characteristic MRI sign of QC is a hypointense area on T1-weighted images, a hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted images and a non contrast-enhancing lesion with intravenous gadolinium administration and that suppressed on FLAIR in the midline, dorsal to the midbrain, caudal to the occipital lobe and rostral to the cerebellum. The size and place of the cyst determine the severity of the clinical signs. In most of the cases the cysts do not cause health damage. If the cyst causes neurological deficit, conservative or surgical therapy is recommended. In human medicine some surgical methods have been published. Microsurgical fenestration from craniotomy, endoscopy-guided fenestration, cystoperitoneal shunt placement are the most useful techniques. Most common complications during endoscopy-guided fenestration technique are postoperative epidural hemorrhage and haematoma.Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion: The parieto-occipitally located arachnoid cyst, as a special type of QC, was fenestrated by endoscopy towards the right lateral ventricle in the case of a 16-month-old Hungarian Grey-hound. The dog had a refractory epilepsy which was treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED) like phenobarbital, levetiracetam and carbamazepine tablets. Laboratory and abdominal ultrasound examinations did not find any abnormalities. MRI exami-nation found a 49.8 mm x 27.3 mm x 20.0 mm sized cyst-like material between the occipital lobe and cerebellum. The cyst-like lesion shown, a hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, hypointensity on T1-weighted area. During the surgery the cyst wall was fenestrated toward the right lateral ventricle with an endoscopic instrument. Despite the initially observed good signs, 12 hours after the surgery the dog died. Necropsy and histopathological examination showed epidural hae-matoma leading to transtentorial herniation and collapsed, empty arachnoid cyst
Treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses with orally administered quinidine sulphate - Case reports
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: Atrial fibrillation is a relatively common and significant arrhythmia in horses, but the Hungarian literature lacks the information about its clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy.Objectives: To present five cases of atrial fibrillation treated with orally admin-istered quinidine sulphate. Materials and methods: Descriptive clinical report. Results and discussion: Five adult horses with suspected atrial fibrillation based on cardiac auscultation were referred for further investigation and therapy. Four of them showed exercise intolerance, as well. Based on previous physical examinations, haematology and biochemistry, systemic diseases were excluded. On presentation, all horses were bright, alert and responsive, and they did not show signs of congestive heart failure. Atrial fibrillation was confirmed by resting electrocardiography using base-apex lead in all cases. Echocardiography revealed normal findings in three horses, mild left ventricular dilation and aortic regurgitation in one animal, and moderate aortic root and left ventricular dilation in another one. Fractional shortening of the left ventricle was decreased in this horse. Cardioversion with oral quinidine sulphate, administered via a nasogastric tube was attempted in four cases. This treatment was successful after two or three doses in two horses which remained in sinus rhythm until discharge from the hospital. Follow-up electrocardiography four to eight weeks later revealed sinus rhythm in both cases. One horse converted back to sinus rhythm after six doses of quinidine and two doses of oral digoxin, but later atrial fibrillation recurred. One horse started to show moderate colic signs and tachycardia after the third dose of quinidine, therefore the treatment was ceased. The last case which was doing only very light work, was not treated by the request of the owner. Our findings highlight the importance of performing cardiac auscultation and ECG on horses with exercise intolerance
Heat stress in dairy cows Part 1. – A review on physiological factors involved in milk yield loss
Get PDFSUMMARY
The present review describes the physiological background of the heat stress
related decrease in the milk yield of dairy cows. The biological cost of heat
stress has a profound impact on the nutrient supply of the functioning mammary gland, and consequently milk synthesis. Interrelations of cellular and systemic, short-term and long-term adaptive mechanisms and the effects on milk
production are described in details. The cellular heat stress response involves
the protective action of heat-shock proteins, also known as stress chaperones,
which mitigate the damaging effect of heat on the structure and activity of
functional proteins. On a systemic level, short-term adaptation includes behavioural (seeking shade, reduced feed consumption) and physiological changes
(increased evaporative heat loss, reduced function of the mammary gland)
aimed at maintaining homeothermy, regulated mainly by adrenal and thyroid
hormones. Longer term adaptation is characterized by changes in fluid regulation and energy metabolism. An increase in prolactin concentration promotes
a favourable inner environment for conductive and evaporative heat loss. Basal
plasma insulin concentrations increase, while the action of the growth-hormone
– insulin-like growth factor axis is reduced. The comparison of the endocrine
and metabolic profiles of lactating dairy cows in negative energy balance kept in
thermoneutral versus heat stress conditions serves as an illustration of the heat
related changes in the fuel preference, carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the
body. The phenomenon of glucose sparing in the heat stressed cow is explained,
based on thermodynamic effects of nutrients and the “leaky gut syndrome”.
The possible causes of increased insulin action and its consequences on milk
production are also discussed
Current knowledge on pathogenesis and immunology of rabies - Literature review
Get PDFSUMMARY
Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic, zoonotic virus that causes rabies encephali-tis. Rabies leads to the death of more than 50,000 individuals worldwide, annu-ally. The pathogenesis of rabies is unique: the virus enters the muscles through bites of rabid animals, which is followed by the invasion of peripheral nerves and axonal spread to the central nervous system (CNS). In later stages of infec-tion, the virus spreads centrifugally to the salivary glands and other peripheral organs. RABV virions attach to different cell membrane receptors (nAChR, NCAM, p75NTR) and enter the host cells via pinocytosis. The ribonucleoprotein complex with the structural RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme is responsible for transcription and replication. The five viral proteins are produced in a concentra-tion gradient and the accumulation of N and M proteins is associated with the switch of the polymerase enzyme from transcription to replication. The assem-bly of new virions takes place near the budding sites, where the glycoproteins are integrated in the cell membrane. While attenuated strains trigger the acti-vation of various innate and adaptive immune responses, wild-type RABV suc-cessfully evades the host immunity. The production and effect of interferons are inhibited at multiple key steps; the modified function of dendritic cells favours viral spreading to the CNS; certain pro-inflammatory pathways are down-regu-lated (which interferes with lymphocyte chemotaxis and blood-brain barrier per-meability); apoptosis of infected neurons is prevented, but apoptosis of immune effector cells is induced. Main factors in survival of rabies encephalitis include the rapid induction of the innate immune system at the periphery; the increase in blood-brain barrier permeability; the induction of a strong T-helper 1-biased immune response in the CNS followed by a sufficient production of virus neu-tralizing antibodies by invading B cells; and the optimal regulation of the deli-cate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades in the brain