Hungarian Veterinary Archive
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Pedigree analysis of a population bottlenecked, the Cikta with special regard to its maternal lineages
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Background: Local breeds are national treasures and an aim of the saving of such breeds is not only to manufacture local products, preserve ancient knowledge and conserve natural landscape, but transfer historical and cultural values continuously.Objectives: The authors estimated genetic variability and population genetic parameters to support within-family selection of Cikta breed, based on herd-book data. Furthermore, maternal lineages (families) were also identified. Materials and Methods: Pedigree data of the Cikta breed from 2000-2014 were analysed. A reference population from 2011-2014 was chosen to get infor-mation about the current status of the population. The reference population covered a generation interval (approx. 4 years) at the end of the dataset.Results and Discussion: The number of maternal lineages (families) that can be found in the pedigree was 445. This number is of large interest because it is necessary to pick up at least one appropriate female offspring in all the families, applying a within-family selection. The average inbreeding coefficient of the total population was 1.00%, whereas it was 1.16% for the reference stock. Only 476 individuals were responsible for the total genetic variability in the total population which consisted of 3648 animals. There were nine ancestors with the largest contribution to the total genetic variability, however, none of them exceeded 10% of the genetic variability. Effective number of founders was 44 whereas effective number of ancestors was 42 for the total population. It was 39 and 36 for the reference stock, respectively. The longest generation interval estimated for the dam-to-son pathway
Porcine Ear Necrosis Syndrome in a swine heard - Case report
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Background: Porcine ear necrosis syndrome (PENS) is a disease of swine char-acterized by erosive lesions at the margin of the ear. The syndrome is commonly found in weaning piglets during summer months. Morphology of the ear lesion has been divided into two stages. Initially oedematous epidermal layer with vesicles (or may be impetigo) can be found then a more severe form, deep ulcerative lesions develop as a complication of bacterial infections. PENS is a multifactorial disease and many causative agents have been suspected for the development of the syndrome. These potential triggering factors could be divided into non-infectious and infectious agents, but no definitive aetiology has been identified. Objectives: The aim of this report was presenting the clinical and pathological findings of PENS in a herd, together the actions for the solutions. Materials and Methods: Multitudinous PENS cases appeared in summer in a herd. Several risk factors were identified at the investigation of the environment of piglets such as disturbance of the water supply, sudden change in the composition of the feed, high density of animals, high temperature together with high humidity of air and wind. Histology revealed epidermal and vascular lesions in the ear tissue. Epidermal changes were characterised as hyper- parakeratosis, acanthosis, degeneration of keratinocytes, intercellular oedema. Circumscribed superficial vesicular dermatitis was detected in the epidermis which progressed to become exudative and encrusted. Lesions progressed to deep necrotic ulcer formation of granulation tissue at the base of ulcer. Beyond slight vasculitis, hyalinosis was detected in the vessels of the dermis. Results and Discussion: When most of risk factors were eliminated, the num-ber of the new PENS cases was drastically decreased. The results of the case report pointed out that PENS is mainly multifactorial as shown in other studies
Surgical management of central Cushing-disease: successful endoscope-assisted removal of a hypophyseal microadenoma in a Boxer - Case study
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Background: Hypercortisolism is one of the most common endocrine disease in dogs. It could have peripheral or central aetiology. The central hypercortisolism is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone dependent pituitary gland adenoma in most cases. According to another grading system, P/B ratio is a good method to distinguish microtumours from macrotumours. Treatment includes conserva-tive and/or radiotherapy and surgery.Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion: An 8-year-old female boxer was presented for evaluation with the signs of PU/PD and weight loosing. Preoperative examination included minimal data-based and special test (ACTH, LDDS, HDDS, MRI, CT), which confirmed the diagnosis of the central Cushing disease. Preoperative 3D-planning was performed based on the DICOM images from CT and MRI. During the first surgery, intensive bleeding was observed, thus we postponed the intervention. During the second surgery the tumorous pituitary gland was removed without complication. Histopathology showed micro-adenoma. During 3 days hospitalization strict blood and urine control was performed in every hour. Supplementation therapy was started with prednisolone, desmopressin and thyroxine. 11 days later the dog was dull, depressed and had a stiff gait. Control MRI showed myelitis of spinal cord between C1-C5. The CSF showed signs of septic meningoencephalitis but the CSF bacteriological test did not confirmed any microorganism. Antibiotic was given for 7 days intravenously and at the end of the treatment the symptoms were resolved. 100 days after the surgery, control MRI showed the intact and empty sella turcica. After the MRI prednisolone and desmopressin was tapered and stopped. After almost 1 year follow-up the dog is fine, has gained her weight back and again vivacious. The authors highlight the importance of the detailed perioperative monitoring and the preoperative 3D-planning, which could help in the presurgical visualization and intraoperative navigation
Indigenous Hungarian chicken breeds as universal recipients for primordial germ cell-based gene conservation
Get PDFSUMMARY Nowadays, the conservation of endangered species and breeds are essential. In the case of mammals, the genome conservation is relatively easy, because males are heterogametic, and sperm can be cryopreserved. In birds, the females are heterogametic, so sperm freezing itself is not enough for conservation of the whole genome.In this article, the authors introduce the prospect of full genome conservation using primordial germ cells (PGCs). The primordial germ cells can differentiate into matured germ cells, so usage of this cell type is the most efficient tool for the genome conservation in birds. The work aimed to characterize the estab-lished PGC lines and investigate the integration efficiency of GFP expressing PGCs into different indigenous chicken breeds.Recently, the authors established ten GFP expressing PGC lines. The expres-sion level of germ- and stem cell specific markers was investigated. To examine the in vivo developmental potential of PGCs, cells were injected back to 3-day old recipient embryos derived from White Hungarian, Partridge colour Hungar-ian and Yellow Hungarian breeds. The recipient chicken eggs were provided by Research Centre for Farm Animal Gene Conservation. The integration rate of GFP expressing PGCs were determined after the dissec-tion of the gonads from 14-day old embryos. There was not significant difference in the viability rate and the integration efficiency between the White Hungarian and Partridge colour Hungarian breeds. The authors investigated the integration rate of injected PGCs after hatching, too. In the case of White Hungarian breed, six chicks were hatched, two was gonadal chimera; in the Partridge colour Hun-garian breed, both chicks were gonadal chimera out of two hatchlings.In the Yellow Hungarian breed, the viability rate of injected 14-day old embryos (54%) and the integration efficiency of injected PGCs (41%) was low as the authors concluded that this breed is not a suitable recipient for gene conserva-tion.In the future, it is essential to investigate other chicken breeds or might be worth to try other species as recipient
Effect of bedding and feeding on equine asthma - Literature review
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High dust concentrations are common in the environment of conventional stables. The respirable dust is composed of particles less than 5μm in size and these are sufficiently small to penetrate the peripheral airways. This dust contains potentially allergenic particles (e.g.: mould, bacterial spores, faeces of mites) which may cause equine asthma. The best way to reduce the interaction with dust is to ensure adequate ventilation and to reduce contamination of the air from feeds (forages and cereal grains) and bedding. It is important to mention that visual assessment is not an adequate method to control the hygienic status and respirable dust concentration of feed or bedding material. Long term (>9 hours) soaking decreased the water soluble carbohydrate content of hay and mould counts but increased counts of yeasts, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria which may cause colic. Therefore, soaking in cold water should not be longer than 10 minutes, if the water soluble carbohydrate content of the hay is irrelevant. Steaming in a wheelie bin and with a kettle of boiling water reduced the airborne respirable particles but did not reduce microbial contamination of hay. Specifically designed high-temperature steamer (1.5–2.75 kW,50–60 minutes) is the most effective method for reducing airborne respirable particles, while conserving nutrients and improving the hygienic quality of hay. Because of the double-skinned container the temperature rises quickly inside the box and reaches 100 °C. This cannot be achieved by homemade methods such as steaming in a wheelie bin or with a kettle of boiling water.The choice of bedding material also affects the quality of air in a stable. The use of alternative for straw bedding such as peat with shavings or crushed wood pellets improved endoscopy results of stabled horses, however, horses were clinically healthy regardless of the type of applied bedding materials. The combination of straw and dry hay results the lowest air quality therefore this cannot be recommended as a suitable management regime for stabled horses
Stress effects and occurrence of compulsive behaviour and its possible investigation in sport horses - Literature review and own basic research
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The authors present the possible measurement of stress factors in horse in this paper. The scientific efforts discovered the significance and the role of hypo-thalamus–pituitary-adrenal gland axle in relations with stress. We are familiar with the system and function of stress hormones, like ACTH, cortisol, adren-alin. Based on researches with horses actively involved in sports (show jump-ing, dressage and three-day events) it is established that the level of cortisol in saliva and blood as well as the analysis of change in heart rate variability can be important information for determining the stress condition of the horse and the rider. Significant relationship has been established between the level of cortisol in salvia of horse and the result as well as the level of cortisol in salvia of rider and the result. It is not only the physiological parameters of horses that change parallel to the stress situation, but the behaviour of the horse also responds to the stress. It is useful to be aware of the complete portfolio of stereotype behaviour pattern of horses both for everyday life, veterinary practice and ani-mal welfare. It is also important to continuously watch, monitor and record the behaviour of horse, especially when the horse is taken from its natural environ-ment, kept in stable and forced to work hard. It is true that 2D and 3D technology is heading way in equestrian industry to analyse locomotion and the behaviour of the horse, however, these tools are rather applied to investigate the dyna-mism of locomotion of the horse, than the effect of stress on horse
