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The State of Custom
No full textIn our article, we engage with the anthropologist Gerd Spittler’s pathbreaking
article “Dispute settlement in the shadow of Leviathan” (1980) in which
he strives to integrate the existence of state courts (the eponymous Leviathan’s
shadow) in (post-)colonial Africa into the analysis on non-state court legal practices.
According to Spittler, it is because of undesirable characteristics inherent
in state courts that the disputing parties tended to rather involve mediators than
pursue a state court judgment. The less people liked state courts, the more likely
they were to (re-)turn to dispute settlement procedures. Now how has this situation
changed in the last four decades since its publication date? We relate his findings
to contemporary debates in legal anthropology that investigate the relationship
between disputing, law and the state. We also show through our own work in
Africa and Asia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia and Kyrgyzstan, in what ways
Spittler’s by now classical contribution to the field of legal anthropology in 1980
can be made fruitful for a contemporary anthropology of the state at a time when
not only (legal) anthropology has changed, but especially the way states deal with
putatively “customary” forms of dispute settlement.Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem wegweisenden Artikel „Streitregelung im Schatten des Leviathans. Eine Darstellung und Kritik rechtsethnologischer Untersuchungen“ (1980) des Ethnologen Gerd Spittler, in dem er die Existenz staatlicher Gerichte (der namensgebende Schatten des Leviathans)im (post-)kolonialen Afrika in die Untersuchung von außergerichtlichen Rechtsformen einbezieht. Nach Spittler liegt es an den unerwünschten Charakteristika staatlicher Gerichte, dass Streitparteien es vorzogen, eine informelle Vermittlungsinstanz heranzuziehen als ein Urteil vor Gericht anzustreben: je weniger Menschen die Gerichte mochten, desto eher wandten sie sich Streitschlichtungsregelungen zu. Wir beziehen Spittlers Erkenntnisse auf gegenwärtige Debatten in der Rechtsethnologie um die Beziehungen zwischen Streit, Recht und Staat.
Anhand unserer eigenen Forschungen in Südäthiopien und Kirgistan demonstrieren wir, wie Spittlers mittlerweile klassischer Beitrag zur Rechtsethnologie immer noch für eine zeitgemäße Ethnologie des Staates fruchtbar gemacht werden kann, wobei sich seither nicht nur die (Rechts-)Ethnologie gewandelt hat, sondern auch der konkrete Umgang von Staaten mit vorgeblich „gewohnheitsrechtlichen“
Formen der Streitregelung
Control Energy Via Luxury Hotels
No full textElectricity generation from renewable energies often fluctuates due to weather and other natural effects. The instrument of control energy (balancing energy) can compensate for these fluctuations and thus guarantee the system and supply security of the electricity grid. Luxury hotels on tourist islands could react to fluctuations in electricity generation and provide balancing energy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electricity consumption of luxury hotels to assess their potential as a source for providing control energy
Probabilistic Short-Term Low-Voltage Load Forecasting using Bernstein-Polynomial Normalizing Flows
Get PDFThe transition to a fully renewable energy grid requires better forecasting of demand at the low-voltage level. However, high fluctuations and increasing electrification cause huge forecast errors with traditional point estimates. Probabilistic load forecasts take future uncertainties into account and thus enables various applications in low-carbon energy systems. We propose an approach for flexible conditional density forecasting of short-term load based on Bernstein-Polynomial Normalizing Flows where a neural network controls the parameters of the flow. In an empirical study with 363 smart meter customers, our density predictions compare favorably against Gaussian and Gaussian mixture densities and also outperform a non-parametric approach based on the pinball loss for 24h-ahead load forecasting for two different neural network architectures
Corporate Environmental Sustainability
Get PDFThis paper describes the rationale and the development of a structured digital approach for measuring corporate environmental sustainability using performance metrics.
It is impossible to imagine today's age without the preservation of our environment, not even in the corporate environment. Currently, sustainability is mostly only rudimentarily considered in companies, mostly only with written down phrases on the website. This will no longer be sufficient in the future, which is why companies should record sustainability on a numerical basis. Based on the development of a workable concept for companies, a small empirical study was carried out, which can be used to numerically measure the sustainability performance of companies. Two utility analyses were completed.
One of them was supplemented by expert interviews. Well-known practitioners from the business world were interviewed and asked for their assessment of ecological performance indicators. The result of the research is an indicator-based concept that can be applied in corporate practice to determine ecological sustainability performance
Development of a cost framework with exemplary developer calculation and sensitivity analysis of the Maun Science Park Project, Botswana
Get PDFBotswana is a country in southern Africa with rich mineral resources, which has built its economy on mining. Due to challenges in the upcoming years caused by climate and demographic change, it aims to move away from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy in the long term. In order to support the
process, the Maun Science Park, a centre for research and development is planned to be created in Maun, a town on the edge of the Okavango Delta. The project is initiated by the “International Resilience and Sustainability Partnership” (inRES), a non-governmental organization. The project is currently in the initiation phase.
The purpose of this thesis is to determine a cost framework with exemplary developer calculation and sensitivity analysis for the Maun Science Park Project in Botswana. Therefor, a source research was performed in a first step. Based on this, interviews were conducted with members of the inRES. Based on the data
obtained and further assumptions, a cost framework for the different project phases of the MSP project was established. Subsequently, a developer calculation
was exemplarily carried out on the basis of the project phase 2 and a sensitivity analysis was performed.
During the interviews, data was collected on the different project phases. It became clear that the interview partners had partly inconsistent perceptions
about different project phases. The calculation can be used as a basis for further calculation at the time of concretization of the planning data
Ergebnisbericht zu meinem Forschungssemester im Sommersemester 2014 an der Universität Lund, Schweden
No full textJahresbericht Forschung und Transfer 2020
Get PDFForschungsjahresbericht 2020 der Hochschule Konstanz Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltun
Development of Health Systems for Home Environments with the Focus on Sleep Monitoring
No full textHealth monitoring in a home environment can have broader use since it may provide continuous control of health parameters with relatively minor intrusiveness into regular life. This work aims to verify if it is possible to replace the typical in some sleep medicine areas subjective questioning by an objective measurement using electronic devices. For this purpose, a study was conducted with ten subjects, in which objective and subjective measurement of relevant sleep parameters took place. The results of both measurement methods were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that while for some measures, such as Total Time in Bed, there is a high agreement between objective and subjective measurements, for others, such as sleep quality, there are significant differences. For this reason, currently, a combination of both measurement methods may be beneficial and provide the most detailed results, while a partial replacement can already reduce the number of questions at the subjective measurement by measurement through electronic devices