Hochschule Konstanz University of Applied Sciences
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Boids Flocking Algorithm for Situation Assessment of Driver Assistance Systems
Get PDFDriver assistance systems are increasingly becoming part of the standard equipment of vehicles and thus contribute to road safety. However, as they become more widespread, the requirements for cost efficiency are also increasing, and so few and inexpensive sensors are used in these systems. Especially in challenging situations, this leads to the fact that target discrimination cannot be ensured which may lead to false reactions of the driver assistance system. In this paper, the Boids flocking algorithm is used to generate semantic neighborhood information between tracked objects which in turn can significantly improve the overall performance. Two different variants were developed: First, a free-moving flock whereby a separate flock is generated per tracked object and second, a formation-controlled flock where boids of a single flock move along the future road course in a pre-defined formation. In the first approach, the interaction between the flocks as well as the interaction between the boids within a flock is used to generate additional information, which in turn can be used to improve, for example, lane change detection. For the latter approach, new behavioral rules have been developed, so that the boids can reliably identify control-relevant objects to a driver assistance system. Finally, the performance of the presented methods is verified through extensive simulations
Utilising the Principles of Blockchain Technology for Managing Road Infrastructure Projects
No full textIn spite of the amount of new tools and methodologies adopted in the road infrastructure sector, the performance of road infrastructure projects is not constantly improving. Considering that the volume of projects undertaken is forecasted to increase every year, this is a substantial issue for the road infrastructure sector. Hence this work focuses on the principles of Blockchain Technology, road infrastructure sector and the information exchange with the aim to use the advantages of the Blockchain Technology in supporting to overcome the various challenges along the life cycle of road infrastructure projects.
Within the scope of this paper, two studies were conducted. First, focus groups were used to explore where society (road infrastructure sector) stands in terms of industry 4.0 and to get a better understanding if and where the principles of Blockchain Technology can be used when managing projects in the road infrastructure sector. Second, semi-structured interviews were administrated with experts of the road infrastructure sector and experts of Blockchain Technology to better understand the interrelation between these two areas. Based on the outcome of the two studies, technology barriers and enablers were explored for the purpose of improved information exchange within the road infrastructure sector.
The two studies revealed that there are significant and strong interrelations between the principles of the Blockchain Technology, project management within the road infrastructure sector and information exchange. These interrelations are complex and diverse, but overall it can be concluded that the adoption of the principles of Blockchain Technology into the field of information exchange improves the management of road infrastructure projects. Based on the two studies a theoretical framework was developed.
In summary this research showed that trust is an important factor and builds the foundation for communication and to ensure a proper information exchange. Within the scope of this thesis, it was demonstrated that the principles of the Blockchain Technology can be used to increase transparency, traceability and immutability during the life cycle of road infrastructure projects in the area of information exchange
Zwölf Ideen, um die Welt zu verändern
No full textAlles muss sich ändern. Nur wie? Maike Sippel, Professorin für Nachhaltige Ökonomie, weiß, wie Wandel gelingt. Eine Anleitung für Kopf, Herz und Hand
The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and its Influence on Steel Imports from Taiwan
No full textIn order to avoid carbon leakage, the EU decided to introduce the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism to put a fair price on embedded carbon emissions of products imported into the EU. Once the CBAM is operational, importing companies will have to declare the embedded emissions for their product and surrender the corresponding amount of CBAM certificates. Taiwan is an important trade partner of the EU, especially for electronic components, and also for base
metals like Iron & Steel or Aluminium. The industrial manufacturing for base metals yields high Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions; additionally, power generation in Taiwan relies heavily on fossil fuels. This paper identifies the Iron & Steel product flows from Taiwan to the EU. It describes the CBAM
requirements and the potential impact on Taiwanese Iron & Steel exports, pointing out challenges and opportunities. It intends to support Taiwanese companies to prepare for CBAM rules both during the transition phase and once the system is fully active
Korpuslinguistik und Fremdsprachenunterricht - Sammelrezension
No full textWie kann Korpuslinguistik für den Fremdsprachenunterricht genutzt werden? Wie kann Data-driven Learning initiiert werden? Wer sich mit diesen Fragen beschäftigt und sich über den Einsatz im DaF-Unterricht informieren möchte, wird kaum fündig, denn die publizierten Materialien wurden in der Regel für den Englischunterricht verfasst. In dieser Sammelrezension werden daher vier Monografien vorgestellt, in denen der Einsatz der Korpuslinguistik zur Sprachvermittlung Englisch beschrieben wird. Es sollen die Schwerpunkte und Besonderheiten der Monografien herausgearbeitet und der mögliche Nutzen für Deutsch als Fremdsprache eruiert werden
Weiterentwicklung zirkulärer und automatisierter Bauweisen des modernen Lehmbaus
Get PDFClay once was the predominant building material in Germany. This was largely displaced by the first industrial revolution and replaced by industrialized building materials such as concrete. With the fourth industrial revolution and the growing awareness of the impact of resource waste and waste production on the environment, traditional earthen construction is set to regain economic momentum through digitization and automation. Building with clay offers the opportunity for a systematic transformation of the construction industry towards carbon neutrality. Currently, the construction industry is responsible for more than 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This could change in the future by using regional, circular materials that are ideally obtained from the construction site itself. Clay occurs extensively and abundantly in almost all parts of the world and can be supplemented with various regionally available additives. Through product standardization and technological advances, earthen
construction could be mass produced and compete with conventional reinforced concrete construction or timber construction in the future.
This master thesis focuses on the modernization of earthen buildings in the form of digitized and automated additive manufacturing processes such as rammed earth construction or 3D printing with clay for wall components. The aim of the master thesis is to develop a technical design for one of the mentioned additive manufacturing processes. In order to achieve this goal, the different manufacturing processes and types are compared according to the state of
the art. The best evaluated one is chosen. Exemplary investigations using a clay 3D printer serve as a practical basis for the choice of manufacturing process. In the process, test specimens are printed with and without additives, also there are test specimens created with different degrees of filling. The specimens are tested in the laboratory for their compressive strength.
The following work shows the many potentials of earthen building as a circular and modern construction method, while also shedding light on the challenges that still need to be solved.Der einst vorherrschende Baustoff in Deutschland war Lehm. Dieser wurde durch die erste industrielle Revolution weitgehend verdrängt und durch industrialisierte Baustoffe wie Beton ersetzt. Mit der vierten industriellen Revolution und dem steigenden Bewusstsein der Auswirkungen der Ressourcenverschwendung und Abfallproduktion auf die Umwelt, soll der traditionelle Lehmbau durch Digitalisierung und Automatisierung wieder an ökonomischem Aufschwung gewinnen. Bauen mit Lehm bietet die Chance einer systematischen Transformation der Bauindustrie in Richtung Kohlenstoffneutralität. Bisher ist die Bauindustrie für mehr als 30 % der weltweiten Treibhausgasemissionen verantwortlich. Durch die Verwendung regionaler, zirkulärer Materialien, die idealerweise aus der eigenen Baugrube gewonnen werden, könnte sich dies in Zukunft ändern. Lehm kommt in nahezu allen Teilen der Welt flächendeckend und zur Genüge vor und kann mit verschiedenen regional vorhandenen Additiven ergänzt werden. Durch Standardisierung der Produkte und technologischen Fortschritt könnte der Lehmbau in eine Massenproduktion überführt werden und in Zukunft mit dem konventionellen Stahlbetonbau oder Holzbau konkurrieren.
Diese Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Modernisierung von Lehmbauweisen in Form von digitalisierten und automatisierten additiven Fertigungsverfahren wie der Stampflehmbau oder das 3D-Drucken mit Lehm für Wandbauteile. Ziel der Masterthesis ist es, einen Bauablauf für eines der genannten additiven Fertigungsverfahren zu entwickeln. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, werden die verschiedenen Fertigungsverfahren und Arten nach Stand der Technik miteinander verglichen und sich für das am besten bewertete entschieden. Als praktische Grundlage für die Wahl des Fertigungsverfahren dienen beispielhafte Untersuchungen mit einem Lehm 3D-Drucker. Dabei werden Prüfkörper mit und ohne Additive gedruckt sowie Prüfkörper mit unterschiedlichen Füllgraden erstellt und anschließend im Labor auf ihre Druckfestigkeit geprüft.
Die folgende Arbeit zeigt die vielen Potenziale des Lehmbaus als zirkuläre und moderne Bauweise auf und beleuchtet zugleich die Herausforderungen, die es noch zu lösen gilt