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The geodiverse landscapes of the Saminatal, the Galinatal and the northwestern Gamptal (Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein):A cross border inventory based on geomorphological mapping
No full textA study was carried out to fulfill requirements for the establishment of an IUCN 1b Category protected area in the Saminatal and Galinatal, specifically to close knowledge gaps in the domains of geology and geomorphology. Complying with the request, our study focused on capturing the geomorphological diversity of the area within the framework of the main characteristics of the bedrock and with special attention to Quaternary valley fills. Using a GIS geodatabase consisting of a LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM), land surface parameter (LSP) maps derived from the DEM, digital geomorphological and geological maps and digital airphotos, we have generated an area-covering geomorphological map with a legend consisting of a three-tiered nested hierarchy, which was developed and applied in previous work in areas adjacent to the study area in Vorarlberg. As a routine element of the work flow, the geoconservation potential of the classes of the Tier 3 map level, i.e. the level with the finest geomorphological detail, was assessed.Whereas the bedrock of the study area consists largely of dolomites of the Hauptdolomite Formation—with the notable exception of the Gamptal, where gypsum beds of the Raibler Schichten formation exert a strong control on the landscape development—the geomorphology of the area is very diverse: glacial-erosional and accumulational, fluvial-erosion and accumulational, mass-movement degradational and accumulational, periglacial-accumulational, and sulphate-karst features have been observed and mapped.During the culmination of the last glaciation, the entire area was covered by glaciers—only the highest peaks possible protruding as nunataks above the ice. The glacial valleys and cirques of the high regions, however, have been—and still are—subject to severe fluvial and mass movement degradation and the concurrent production of large amounts of scree once the deglaciation started. Moraines, glaciofluvial landforms, and relict rock glaciers are preserved on the floor of these valleys and cirques as witnesses of the transitional period from the cold climate of the last ice age to today’s warm climate.The lower, deeper segments of the Saminatal and Galinatal contain the remnants of thick sections of fluvial, lacustrine, glacial and slope sediments. These fills document the changing environmental conditions from the onset of the glaciation through the culmination and to the end of the glaciation. The key controlling factor was the interaction of the large Ill Glacier, which penetrated the lower sections of tributary valleys, and the small local glaciers, such as the Samina glacier.Regarding the geoconservation potential, nine of the twenty-three mapped Tier 3 geomorphological classes rank as highly valuable, i.e. they are potential geoconservation sites. Linked to glacial, fluvial, periglacial and sulphate-karst processes, these morphogenetic domains contain information critical for a thorough understanding of the landscape evolution. The valley fills of the Saminatal and Galinatal are exposed in slopes created by fluvial erosion and mass movements, or underlie terraces. As such they are not captured by the geomorphological mapping and are, hence, not part of the standard assessment of geoconservation potential. Nevertheless they are scientifically very important. Based on the occurrence of potential geoconservation sites, eight areas are described in detail: Galinatal, Northwestern Gamptal, Wurmtal, Garsellaalp, Plankner Garselli, Säslitobel, Triesenberger Garselli and the Samina river valley. Notably in Liechtenstein, the high-altitude areas are isolated and poorly accessible, contributing to a undisturbed near-natural state. The findings of this study align well with research on geodiversity and climate-driven landscape development in Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein, and southern Germany. The study area is a rich archive of scientific evidence on past climate conditions and hosts a variety of potential geoconservation sites. In addition, the high intensity of fluvial and mass-movement processes creates a rugged topography, characteristic of postglacial landscape development of a mountainous area
A history of the First World War's Caucasus campaign, 1914-1918
No full textA History of the First World War’s Caucasus Campaign, 1914-1918 investigates a relatively little-known episode of the First World War. The entry into the campaign of the Ottoman, Russian, British, and German empires has had a major impact on the march of events in the Middle Eastern theatre of the war as it eventually led to the exit from war of a major Entente Power and the defeat of a major Central Power. The engagement of these empires in warfare shaped the late-campaign armistice, affected the post-campaign peace treaties, and profoundly influenced the configuration of forces and definition of borders in the broader area of the campaign. This thesis examines the interplay between warfare and its impact on military and political strategy of the campaign participants. By determining the military strategic considerations that lay behind their decisions to employ troops, this research defines military strategic goals that were perused and the motives that underlay the choices of various decision-makers. At the macro level, this study seeks to integrate the Caucasus campaign into the mainstream of the First World War history as part and parcel of the war that was waged and experienced in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Britain, and Germany. In more specific terms, this research seeks to highlight the role the campaign had played in these belligerent states’ war strategy as part of the global confrontation between the Entente Powers and the Central Powers. With this stated aim, this work takes a new and innovative approach to the history of this forgotten military campaign, arguing that the campaign was strategically important for both coalitions that fought the war.</p
A history of the First World War's Caucasus campaign, 1914-1918
Full text linkA History of the First World War’s Caucasus Campaign, 1914-1918 investigates a relatively little-known episode of the First World War. The entry into the campaign of the Ottoman, Russian, British, and German empires has had a major impact on the march of events in the Middle Eastern theatre of the war as it eventually led to the exit from war of a major Entente Power and the defeat of a major Central Power. The engagement of these empires in warfare shaped the late-campaign armistice, affected the post-campaign peace treaties, and profoundly influenced the configuration of forces and definition of borders in the broader area of the campaign. This thesis examines the interplay between warfare and its impact on military and political strategy of the campaign participants. By determining the military strategic considerations that lay behind their decisions to employ troops, this research defines military strategic goals that were perused and the motives that underlay the choices of various decision-makers. At the macro level, this study seeks to integrate the Caucasus campaign into the mainstream of the First World War history as part and parcel of the war that was waged and experienced in the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Britain, and Germany. In more specific terms, this research seeks to highlight the role the campaign had played in these belligerent states’ war strategy as part of the global confrontation between the Entente Powers and the Central Powers. With this stated aim, this work takes a new and innovative approach to the history of this forgotten military campaign, arguing that the campaign was strategically important for both coalitions that fought the war.</p
Children and adolescents growing up with perinatal HIV:Long-term outcomes and comorbities
No full textPerinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) progresses more rapidly than adult-acquired HIV and affects children during critical periods of immune and neurodevelopment. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has transformed PHIV into a manageable chronic condition, youth with PHIV remain at increased risk for neurocognitive, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. This thesis investigates long-term health outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and progression of comorbidities in PHIV youth on cART, using data from the NOVICE study and multi-omics approaches.The results show that while plasma neurofilament light chain does not indicate active neuroaxonal injury, cognitive impairments persist over time. Multi-omics analyses reveal sustained immune activation, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation (“inflammageing”), which likely contribute to neurocognitive deficits. Moreover, gut microbiome composition appears similar to matched controls, suggesting minimal microbiome alterations under effective cART. Lipidomic profiles and cardiometabolic markers, including lipoprotein(a), are largely comparable to uninfected peers, though specific cART regimens may influence lipid metabolism.Overall, PHIV youth exhibit a complex interplay of persistent immune-metabolic disturbances and cognitive impairment, increasing long-term vulnerability to comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies to further evaluate long-term outcomes, specifically cognitive and metabolic assessments, in PHIV youth to improve long-term health and to provide further insight into the underlying pathofysiology
Children and adolescents growing up with perinatal HIV:Long-term outcomes and comorbities
Full text linkPerinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) progresses more rapidly than adult-acquired HIV and affects children during critical periods of immune and neurodevelopment. Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has transformed PHIV into a manageable chronic condition, youth with PHIV remain at increased risk for neurocognitive, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular complications. This thesis investigates long-term health outcomes, underlying mechanisms, and progression of comorbidities in PHIV youth on cART, using data from the NOVICE study and multi-omics approaches.The results show that while plasma neurofilament light chain does not indicate active neuroaxonal injury, cognitive impairments persist over time. Multi-omics analyses reveal sustained immune activation, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation (“inflammageing”), which likely contribute to neurocognitive deficits. Moreover, gut microbiome composition appears similar to matched controls, suggesting minimal microbiome alterations under effective cART. Lipidomic profiles and cardiometabolic markers, including lipoprotein(a), are largely comparable to uninfected peers, though specific cART regimens may influence lipid metabolism.Overall, PHIV youth exhibit a complex interplay of persistent immune-metabolic disturbances and cognitive impairment, increasing long-term vulnerability to comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies to further evaluate long-term outcomes, specifically cognitive and metabolic assessments, in PHIV youth to improve long-term health and to provide further insight into the underlying pathofysiology
Bernhard : een verborgen geschiedenis
No full textAnnejet van der Zijl deed historisch onderzoek naar de Duitse achtergrond van Bernhard zur Lippe-Biesterfeld, later prins der Nederlanden. Ze plaatst hem nadrukkelijk binnen de context van zijn tijd en van zijn generatie. Ze bekeek onder andere in hoeverre het Wilhelmisch Keizerrijk, de Eerste Wereldoorlog en de revolutie van 1918 hun sporen achterlieten op het milieu en de directe omgeving van prins Bernhard. Ook analyseerde ze andere politieke, economische en sociale omstandigheden die bepalend waren voor zijn ontwikkeling. Speciale aandacht is er voor de vraag hoe en waarom het nationaalsocialistisch gedachtegoed bij de jeugd van de Weimarrepubliek - waar Bernhard onderdeel van was - zo vruchtbaar wortel kon schieten. Van der Zijl sluit de studie af met een beschouwing over de manier waarop er, zowel in bredere zin als in dit specifieke geval, na de Tweede Wereldoorlog omgegaan is met de onderzochte en in kaart gebrachte voorgeschiedenis
The geodiverse landscapes of the Saminatal, the Galinatal and the northwestern Gamptal (Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein):A cross border inventory based on geomorphological mapping
No full textA study was carried out to fulfill requirements for the establishment of an IUCN 1b Category protected area in the Saminatal and Galinatal, specifically to close knowledge gaps in the domains of geology and geomorphology. Complying with the request, our study focused on capturing the geomorphological diversity of the area within the framework of the main characteristics of the bedrock and with special attention to Quaternary valley fills. Using a GIS geodatabase consisting of a LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM), land surface parameter (LSP) maps derived from the DEM, digital geomorphological and geological maps and digital airphotos, we have generated an area-covering geomorphological map with a legend consisting of a three-tiered nested hierarchy, which was developed and applied in previous work in areas adjacent to the study area in Vorarlberg. As a routine element of the work flow, the geoconservation potential of the classes of the Tier 3 map level, i.e. the level with the finest geomorphological detail, was assessed.Whereas the bedrock of the study area consists largely of dolomites of the Hauptdolomite Formation—with the notable exception of the Gamptal, where gypsum beds of the Raibler Schichten formation exert a strong control on the landscape development—the geomorphology of the area is very diverse: glacial-erosional and accumulational, fluvial-erosion and accumulational, mass-movement degradational and accumulational, periglacial-accumulational, and sulphate-karst features have been observed and mapped.During the culmination of the last glaciation, the entire area was covered by glaciers—only the highest peaks possible protruding as nunataks above the ice. The glacial valleys and cirques of the high regions, however, have been—and still are—subject to severe fluvial and mass movement degradation and the concurrent production of large amounts of scree once the deglaciation started. Moraines, glaciofluvial landforms, and relict rock glaciers are preserved on the floor of these valleys and cirques as witnesses of the transitional period from the cold climate of the last ice age to today’s warm climate.The lower, deeper segments of the Saminatal and Galinatal contain the remnants of thick sections of fluvial, lacustrine, glacial and slope sediments. These fills document the changing environmental conditions from the onset of the glaciation through the culmination and to the end of the glaciation. The key controlling factor was the interaction of the large Ill Glacier, which penetrated the lower sections of tributary valleys, and the small local glaciers, such as the Samina glacier.Regarding the geoconservation potential, nine of the twenty-three mapped Tier 3 geomorphological classes rank as highly valuable, i.e. they are potential geoconservation sites. Linked to glacial, fluvial, periglacial and sulphate-karst processes, these morphogenetic domains contain information critical for a thorough understanding of the landscape evolution. The valley fills of the Saminatal and Galinatal are exposed in slopes created by fluvial erosion and mass movements, or underlie terraces. As such they are not captured by the geomorphological mapping and are, hence, not part of the standard assessment of geoconservation potential. Nevertheless they are scientifically very important. Based on the occurrence of potential geoconservation sites, eight areas are described in detail: Galinatal, Northwestern Gamptal, Wurmtal, Garsellaalp, Plankner Garselli, Säslitobel, Triesenberger Garselli and the Samina river valley. Notably in Liechtenstein, the high-altitude areas are isolated and poorly accessible, contributing to a undisturbed near-natural state. The findings of this study align well with research on geodiversity and climate-driven landscape development in Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein, and southern Germany. The study area is a rich archive of scientific evidence on past climate conditions and hosts a variety of potential geoconservation sites. In addition, the high intensity of fluvial and mass-movement processes creates a rugged topography, characteristic of postglacial landscape development of a mountainous area
Optimizing strategies in pancreatic and hepato-biliary surgery
Full text linkThis thesis aims to improve perioperative strategies in HPB surgery. Part I focuses on finding the optimal analgesic strategy and investigates the impact of continuous wound infiltration (CWI) versus epidural analgesia. Part II includes studies on one of the most threatening complications of pancreatic surgery: postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Part III consists of studies on worldwide perioperative practices in liver surgery, fluid therapy, new-onset diabetes after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), and outcome prediction in HPB surgery
1 Week/1 Dag/1 Werk. Der Agitator (1929) van George Grosz:[Bespreking van tentoonstelling: George Grosz (1929) Der Agitator, vaste opstelling Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2022]
No full textDeze week schrijft elke dag een van onze auteurs over een werk dat dit jaar grote indruk op hen heeft gemaakt. Vandaag ziet Florian Göttke het heden weerspiegeld in een schilderij dat sinds kort in de vaste opstelling van het Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam te zien is: Der Agitator van George Grosz uit 1929
